Early treatments for COVID-19
acebilustat acetaminophen adalimumab adintrevimab alkalinization amantadine amiodarone ammonium chloride amubarvimab andrographolide antiandrogens H1RAs apremilast artemisinin aspirin astodrimer sodium atilotrelvir atovaquone avdoralimab aviptadil azelastine azvudine baloxavir bamlan../e.. bebtelovimab belnacasan bemnifosbuvir beta-glucans BMS mAbs brensocatib brexanolone bromhexine budesonide camostat cannabidiol casirivimab/i.. cenicriviroc cetylpyridinium.. chlorhexidine chlorpheniramine CK0802 clevudine colchicine conv. plasma crizanlizumab curcumin cyproheptadine cytokine adsorption danicopan darunavir deuremidevir dexamethasone DFV890 diet dimethyl fumarate dolutegravir domperidone donidalorsen dornase alfa edaravone empagliflozin emvododstat enisamium ensitrelvir ensovibep estetrol exercise famotidine favipiravir fluvoxamine FX06 gabapentin GB0139 gimsilumab glenzocimab goflikicept HCQ hesperidin HH-120 HuMax-IL8 hydrogen peroxide ibrutinib ibuprofen ibuzatrelvir iC1e/K indomethacin interleukin-2 iota-carrageenan ivermectin ixekizumab lactoferrin lanadelumab leritrelvir levilimab lopinavir/r.. losartan LSALT peptide lufotrelvir MAS825 masks mebendazole mefenamic acid melatonin metformin metronidazole molnupiravir montelukast N-acetylcysteine NaCl nafamostat niclosamide nicotine nigella sativa nitazoxanide nitric oxide olgotrelvir olokizumab pacritinib paxlovid peg. lambda pemivibart pentoxifylline pHOXWELL phthalocyanine plasma-activ.. plitidepsin pomotrelvir posaconazole povidone-iodine probiotics propolis proton pump inhibitors proxalutamide quercetin ravulizumab razuprotafib regdanvimab remdesivir resveratrol rhu-pGSN rNAPc2 SA58 sargramostim sarilumab selenium sentinox siltuximab silymarin sipavibart sleep SNS812 sodium bicarb.. sotrovimab spironolactone sunlight thermotherapy tixagevimab/c.. TMPRSS2 inhibitors tocilizumab trimodulin TRV027 UDCA vadadustat varespladib verapamil vidofludimus calcium vilobelimab vitamin A vitamin B12 vitamin B9 vitamin C vitamin D vitamin K XAV-19 xiannuoxin YKYY017 zafirlukast zenuzolac zinc zunsemetinib
WHAT WORKS
COVID-19 involves the interplay of 250+ viral and host proteins and factors, providing many therapeutic targets.
c19early analyzes 6,100+ studies for 180 treatments—over 17 million hours of research.
US authorities recommend only three high-profit early treatments.
In reality, many treatments reduce risk,
with 25 low-cost treatments approved across 163 countries.
0.5% of 10,000+ proposed treatments show reduced risk.
Treatment to the primary source of initial infection reduces progression and transmission.
Exercise, sunlight, a healthy diet, and good sleep all reduce risk.
Vitamins A, C, D, and zinc show reduced risk, as with other viruses.
Methods for increasing internal body temperature, comparable to natural fever, enhancing immune system function.
Many systemic agents reduce risk, and may be required when infection progresses beyond the upper respiratory tract.
High-profit systemic agents are also effective, but have greater access and cost barriers.
Highly effective but rarely used—variant dependence, high cost, IV/SC administration.
Increased risk of severe outcomes and mortality.
Studies show increased mortality with longer followup.
Potential benefits of 10,058
other treatments have been reported. We have not reviewed these studies.
Submit updates.
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments.
c19early involves the extraction of 200,000+ datapoints from
thousands of papers. Community updates
help ensure high accuracy.
Treatments and other interventions are complementary.
All practical, effective, and safe
means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis.
No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current
and future variants.
We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication,
consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details
of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. IMA and WCH
provide treatment protocols.
Thanks for your feedback! Please search before submitting papers and note
that studies are listed under the date they were first available, which may be
the date of an earlier preprint.