Acorus calamus for COVID-19
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COVID-19 Treatment Clinical Evidence
COVID-19 involves the interplay of 400+ viral and host proteins and factors, providing many therapeutic targets.
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Only three high-profit early treatments are approved in the US.
In reality, many treatments reduce risk,
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Naso/
oropharyngeal treatment Effective Treatment directly to the primary source of initial infection. -
Healthy lifestyles Protective Exercise, sunlight, a healthy diet, and good sleep all reduce risk.
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Immune support Effective Vitamins A, C, D, and zinc show reduced risk, as with other viruses.
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Thermotherapy Effective Methods for increasing internal body temperature, enhancing immune system function.
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Systemic agents Effective Many systemic agents reduce risk, and may be required when infection progresses.
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High-profit systemic agents Conditional Effective, but with greater access and cost barriers.
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Monoclonal antibodies Limited Utility Effective but rarely used—high cost, variant dependence, IV/SC admin.
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Acetaminophen Harmful Increased risk of severe outcomes and mortality.
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Remdesivir Harmful Increased mortality with longer followup. Increased kidney and liver injury, cardiac disorders.
Acorus calamus may be beneficial for
COVID-19 according to the study below.
COVID-19 involves the interplay of 400+ viral and host proteins and factors providing many therapeutic targets.
Scientists have proposed 11,000+ potential treatments.
c19early.org analyzes
210+ treatments.
We have not reviewed Acorus calamus in detail.
, Metabolites from South African Medicinal Plants as Dual-Function Inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like Protease (PLpro), Life, doi:10.3390/life16030373
The SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro) is an essential viral enzyme that promotes viral polyprotein processing while simultaneously suppressing the host innate immune response, which makes it a primary target for developing antiviral drugs. The present study employs a comprehensive approach integrating untargeted metabolomic profiling, in silico molecular docking and dynamics simulations, Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born Surface Area (MM-GBSA) energetic assessments, and biochemical enzyme assays. This integrated method aims to discover natural PLpro inhibitors from two ethnomedicinal plants, Lippia javanica and Acorus calamus, which have long been utilized in African traditional medicine to treat respiratory diseases. Comprehensive metabolite profiling using untargeted Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and Global Natural Products Social (GNPS) molecular networking revealed flavonoid glucuronides and phenylpropanoid derivatives as the major constituents in both plant species. In situ histochemical staining further offered spatial validation of phenolic- and lignin-associated tissues, supporting the phenolic-dominated molecular families detected by GNPS molecular networking. In silico evaluation of six selected compounds demonstrated spontaneous and thermodynamically favorable binding to PLpro, with ΔG_bind values ranging from −5.63 to −6.43 kcal/mol. Catechin-7-glucoside emerged as the lead compound, establishing multiple hydrogen bond networks with Asp164, Gln269, Tyr264, and Asn267, supplemented by hydrophobic engagement with Pro247 and Pro248, and π-π stacking with the blocking loop 2 (BL2 loop). Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stability of the protein–ligand complexes. Biochemical enzyme assays confirmed concentration-dependent inhibition of PLpro proteolytic and deubiquitinating activity by both crude plant extracts and isolated bioactive compounds. However, S-adenosyl-methionine showed comparatively high PLpro proteolytic activity (IC50 5.872 µM) compared to catechin-7-glucoside, with an IC50 of 7.493 µM, exhibiting efficacy similar to the reference inhibitor GRL0617. Both the extracts of L. javanica and A. calamus have shown significant inhibitory activity while maintaining cell viability in Human embryonic kidney 293T cell (HEK293T) culture models, indicating a favorable safety profile of the tested concentrations. Based on these results, catechin-based polyphenols and phenylpropanoid derivatives appear as promising lead compounds for the development of PLpro inhibitors. To progress toward therapeutic use, further work is necessary in pharmacokinetics, structural optimization, and antiviral validation in cell models.