c19early.org COVID-19 treatment researchCOVID-19 treatments

Global adoption of COVID-19 early treatments

Global early treatment adoption

Official early-treatment protocols, grouped by region. Protocols varied widely around the world.

c19early.org
November 2026
98distinct protocols among 163 countries
80countries whose protocol no other country shares
4treatments in the median protocol (of 46)
1treatment in at least half of protocols
CountryAcetaminophen103Remdesivir72Paxlovid64HCQ59Casirivimab/i..52Molnupiravir47Sotrovimab42Tixagev../c..33Regdanvimab27Ivermectin24Zinc23Vitamin C22Favipiravir21Vitamin D18Conv. Plasma16Ibuprofen16Artemisinin13Bamlaniv../e..11Budesonide10Nitric Oxide10Aspirin7Diet4N-acetylcys..3Proxalutamide3Bebtelovimab2Deuremidevir2Ensitrelvir2Famotidine2Fluvoxamine2Amubarv../r..1Andrograph..1Atilotrelvir1Azvudine1Bromhexine1Camostat1Colchicine1Inosine Pran..1Lactoferrin1Leritrelvir1Melatonin1Pemivibart1Probiotics1PPIs1Quercetin1Sunlight1Xiannuoxin1n
Africa & Middle East 64
BahrainBH10
Saudi ArabiaSA7
ZambiaZM5
IranIR4
GhanaGH5
BotswanaBW2
NamibiaNA2
RwandaRW6
MalawiMW4
ZimbabweZW3
GabonGA4
SudanSD3
Côte d'IvoireCI2
EritreaER2
EthiopiaET2
SeychellesSC2
TogoTG2
YemenYE4
AngolaAO1
KenyaKE1
LesothoLS1
MauritiusMU1
MozambiqueMZ1
PalestinePS1
South AfricaZA1
South SudanSS1
São Tomé and PríncipeST1
EgyptEG11
CongoCG3
IraqIQ2
IsraelIL4
JordanJO2
Central African RepublicCF4
ChadTD4
BeninBJ3
BurundiBI3
CameroonCM3
GuineaGN3
MoroccoMA2
United Arab EmiratesAE8
QatarQA2
NigeriaNG4
SyriaSY4
UgandaUG3
DR CongoCD2
GambiaGM2
Guinea-BissauGW2
LiberiaLR2
MadagascarMG2
Sierra LeoneSL2
AlgeriaDZ1
Burkina FasoBF1
Cape VerdeCV1
DjiboutiDJ1
MaliML1
MauritaniaMR1
NigerNE1
SenegalSN1
TunisiaTN1
LebanonLB1
LibyaLY1
ComorosKM1
Equatorial GuineaGQ1
TanzaniaTZ1
Americas 25
PanamaPA11
USAUS13
CanadaCA7
BrazilBR7
GuyanaGY4
ParaguayPY7
Dominican RepublicDO8
BoliviaBO6
MexicoMX4
HondurasHN8
PeruPE2
El SalvadorSV5
GuatemalaGT5
UruguayUY3
ColombiaCO1
EcuadorEC1
VenezuelaVE5
Trinidad and TobagoTT2
ArgentinaAR5
Costa RicaCR1
CubaCU1
BelizeBZ1
JamaicaJM1
NicaraguaNI1
HaitiHT1
Asia-Pacific 30
AustraliaAU8
SingaporeSG7
MongoliaMN7
TaiwanTW6
BangladeshBD6
AfghanistanAF10
UzbekistanUZ11
IndiaIN10
BhutanBT5
ChinaCN16
South KoreaKR4
New ZealandNZ5
FijiFJ3
VietnamVN4
MalaysiaMY5
KazakhstanKZ5
NepalNP2
Sri LankaLK3
PhilippinesPH2
CambodiaKH5
TajikistanTJ3
KyrgyzstanKG3
MyanmarMM1
Papua New GuineaPG1
JapanJP6
PakistanPK1
ThailandTH5
Hong KongHK3
LaosLA1
IndonesiaID4
Europe 44
CzechiaCZ9
GreeceGR8
BulgariaBG10
HungaryHU10
PolandPL12
BelgiumBE9
ItalyIT9
United KingdomGB8
SlovakiaSK8
RomaniaRO8
IrelandIE8
SwedenSE8
GermanyDE8
SpainES8
AustriaAT7
CroatiaHR7
CyprusCY7
DenmarkDK7
EstoniaEE7
FinlandFI7
FranceFR7
LatviaLV7
LithuaniaLT7
LuxembourgLU7
MaltaMT7
NetherlandsNL7
PortugalPT7
SloveniaSI7
NorwayNO6
UkraineUA14
BelarusBY8
Bosnia and HerzegovinaBA3
MoldovaMD2
RussiaRU6
IcelandIS4
ArmeniaAM1
SerbiaRS8
GeorgiaGE4
SwitzerlandCH4
North MacedoniaMK5
AzerbaijanAZ3
AlbaniaAL3
MontenegroME1
TurkeyTR3

Showing the 32 most-adopted treatments of 46; widen the window for all.

Showing the 24 most-adopted treatments of 46; widen the window for all.

Showing the 16 most-adopted treatments of 46; widen the window for all.

Treatments contained in official country protocols. Columns are in order of treatment adoption. This does not include treatments only expected to be helpful for late stage patients. low-cost, high-profit, and increased risk.

100% 75% 50% 25% 0% COVID-19 EARLY TREATMENT EFFICACY NOV 2026 - SUBMIT UPDATES/CORRECTIONS - C19EARLY.ORG
$0 Non-mutagenic $2000+ $0 Mutagenic $2000+ COVID-19 EARLY TREATMENT COST NOV 2026 - SUBMIT UPDATES/CORRECTIONS - C19EARLY.ORG
References
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Afghanistan   Albania   Algeria   Angola   Argentina   Armenia   Australia   Austria   Azerbaijan   Bahrain   Bangladesh   Belarus   Belgium   Belize   Benin   Bhutan   Bolivia   Bosnia and Herzegovina   Botswana   Brazil   Bulgaria   Burkina Faso   Burundi   Cambodia   Cameroon   Canada   Cape Verde   Central African Republic   Chad   Chile   China   Colombia   Comoros   Congo   Costa Rica   Croatia   Cuba   Cyprus   Czechia   Côte d'Ivoire   DR Congo   Denmark   Djibouti   Dominican Republic   Ecuador   Egypt   El Salvador   Equatorial Guinea   Eritrea   Estonia   Ethiopia   Fiji   Finland   France   Gabon   Gambia   Georgia   Germany   Ghana   Greece   Guatemala   Guinea   Guinea-Bissau   Guyana   Haiti   Honduras   Hong Kong   Hungary   Iceland   India   Indonesia   Iran   Iraq   Ireland   Israel   Italy   Jamaica   Japan   Jordan   Kazakhstan   Kenya   Kyrgyzstan   Laos   Latvia   Lebanon   Lesotho   Liberia   Libya   Lithuania   Luxembourg   Madagascar   Malawi   Malaysia   Mali   Malta   Mauritania   Mauritius   Mexico   Moldova   Mongolia   Montenegro   Morocco   Mozambique   Myanmar   Namibia   Nepal   Netherlands   New Zealand   Nicaragua   Niger   Nigeria   North Macedonia   Norway   Oman   Pakistan   Palestine   Panama   Papua New Guinea   Paraguay   Peru   Philippines   Poland   Portugal   Qatar   Romania   Russia   Rwanda   Saudi Arabia   Senegal   Serbia   Seychelles   Sierra Leone   Singapore   Slovakia   Slovenia   South Africa   South Korea   South Sudan   Spain   Sri Lanka   Sudan   Sweden   Switzerland   Syria   São Tomé and Príncipe   Taiwan   Tajikistan   Tanzania   Thailand   Togo   Trinidad and Tobago   Tunisia   Turkey   USA   Uganda   Ukraine   United Arab Emirates   United Kingdom   Uruguay   Uzbekistan   Venezuela   Vietnam   Yemen   Zambia   Zimbabwe  
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://twitter.com/Covid19Crusher/status/135404377252764876..
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://twitter.com/Covid19Crusher/status/135403342454633676..
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
https://web.archive.org/web/20210412200113/https://www.hsj.gr/medicine/is-there-a-correlat..
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
https://web.archive.org/web/20210412200113/https://www.hsj.gr/medicine/is-there-a-correlat..
https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://twitter.com/Covid19Crusher/status/138770936838954598..
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
https://web.archive.org/web/20210412200113/https://www.hsj.gr/medicine/is-there-a-correlat..
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://twitter.com/Covid19Crusher/status/128077261903439872..
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
https://web.archive.org/web/20200523223516/https://www.moh.gov.sa/Ministry/MediaCenter/Pub..
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
https://web.archive.org/web/20200523223516/https://www.moh.gov.sa/Ministry/MediaCenter/Pub..
https://web.archive.org/web/20201027172422/https://www.moh.gov.sa/Ministry/MediaCenter/Pub..
https://web.archive.org/web/20210412200113/https://www.hsj.gr/medicine/is-there-a-correlat..
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)