Razuprotafib: meta-analysis of COVID-19 studies

All studies Mortality Serious outcomes Recovery RCTs RCT mortality Peer-reviewed All outcomes

Outcome (studies)

Improvement

Relative risk · 95% CI

All studies (2)−10%

Mortality (2)−10%

RCTs (2)−10%

RCT mortality (2)−10%

Peer-reviewed (1)−10%

Late (2)−10%

00.511.5+

← Razuprotafib
reduces riskIncreased
risk →

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c19early.org

October 2026

Razuprotafib COVID-19 studies

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Paggiarino (DB RCT)−5%1.05 · 0.11–10.24death2/191/10RESCUE Files (RCT)−10%1.10 · 0.54–2.24death8/2919/76I-SPY COVID

Late treatment−10%1.10 · 0.56–2.1610/4820/8610% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.8

All studies−10%1.10 · 0.56–2.1610/4820/8610% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.800.511.52+

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← Razuprotafib
reduces riskRazuprotafib
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Razuprotafib COVID-19 mortality results

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CITreatmentControlRelative Risk

Paggiarino (DB RCT)−5%1.05 · 0.11–10.242/191/10RESCUE Files (RCT)−10%1.10 · 0.54–2.248/2919/76I-SPY COVID

Late treatment−10%1.10 · 0.56–2.1610/4820/8610% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.8

All studies−10%1.10 · 0.56–2.1610/4820/8610% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.800.511.52+

Rotate screen for more detailsIncrease width for more details

← Razuprotafib
reduces riskRazuprotafib
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Razuprotafib COVID-19 serious outcomes

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Paggiarino (DB RCT)−5%1.05 · 0.11–10.24death2/191/10RESCUE Files (RCT)−10%1.10 · 0.54–2.24death8/2919/76I-SPY COVID

Late treatment−10%1.10 · 0.56–2.1610/4820/8610% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.8

All studies−10%1.10 · 0.56–2.1610/4820/8610% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.800.511.52+

Rotate screen for more detailsIncrease width for more details

← Razuprotafib
reduces riskRazuprotafib
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Razuprotafib COVID-19 recovery results

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Paggiarino (DB RCT)−469%5.69 · 0.33–99.16no disch.3/160/9RESCUE

Late treatment−469%5.69 · 0.33–99.163/160/9469% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.24

All studies−469%5.69 · 0.33–99.163/160/9469% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.2400.511.52+

Rotate screen for more detailsIncrease width for more details

← Razuprotafib
reduces riskRazuprotafib
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Razuprotafib COVID-19 Randomized Controlled Trials

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Paggiarino (DB RCT)−5%1.05 · 0.11–10.24death2/191/10RESCUE Files (RCT)−10%1.10 · 0.54–2.24death8/2919/76I-SPY COVID

Late treatment−10%1.10 · 0.56–2.1610/4820/8610% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.8

All studies−10%1.10 · 0.56–2.1610/4820/8610% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.800.511.52+

Rotate screen for more detailsIncrease width for more details

← Razuprotafib
reduces riskRazuprotafib
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Razuprotafib COVID-19 RCT mortality results

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CITreatmentControlRelative Risk

Paggiarino (DB RCT)−5%1.05 · 0.11–10.242/191/10RESCUE Files (RCT)−10%1.10 · 0.54–2.248/2919/76I-SPY COVID

Late treatment−10%1.10 · 0.56–2.1610/4820/8610% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.8

All studies−10%1.10 · 0.56–2.1610/4820/8610% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.800.511.52+

Rotate screen for more detailsIncrease width for more details

← Razuprotafib
reduces riskRazuprotafib
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Razuprotafib COVID-19 peer reviewed studies

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Files (RCT)−10%1.10 · 0.54–2.24death8/2919/76I-SPY COVID

Late treatment−10%1.10 · 0.54–2.248/2919/7610% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.8

All studies−10%1.10 · 0.54–2.248/2919/7610% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.800.511.52+

Rotate screen for more detailsIncrease width for more details

← Razuprotafib
reduces riskRazuprotafib
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Razuprotafib COVID-19 outcomes

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Paggiarino (DB RCT)−5%1.05 · 0.11–10.24death2/191/10RESCUE Paggiarino (DB RCT)−178%2.78 · 0.37–20.59progression5/181/10RESCUE Paggiarino (DB RCT)−469%5.69 · 0.33–99.16no disch.3/160/9RESCUE Files (RCT)−10%1.10 · 0.54–2.24death8/2919/76I-SPY COVID

00.511.52+

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← Razuprotafib
reduces riskRazuprotafib
increases risk →