COVID-19 early treatment: real-time analysis of 2,669 studies
All studies
Early treatment
Mortality
Early mortality
Prophylaxis
Prophylaxis mortality
Physicians
Recent
Analysis of 50 COVID early treatments,
approvals in 101 countries, database of
2,755 treatments
Dong | Retrospective 2,162 children 3-18 in China, showing 2.8 times greater vitamin D deficiency, and increased obesity, hypercholesterol, and.. |
Tison | Analysis of 1.2 million global users showing a significant decline in physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic, which remained below the pre.. |
Farag | 363 patient vitamin B9 prophylaxis RCT: 88% fewer cases [p<0.0001] |
Shapiro | RCT 982 high risk outpatients in the USA reporting that intramuscular sotrovimab was non-inferior to intravenous administration. Death and.. |
Igho-Osagie | Analysis of 15,685 adults in the USA estimating that 29.3% of the population risk a major or contraindicated drug interaction with paxlovid, which.. |
Treatment cost times median NNT - details and limitations.
1.3% of treatments show efficacy.
Timeline for when studies showed efficacy - details and limitations.
1.3% of treatments show efficacy.
Loading..
All clinical results for selected treatments. 1.3% of treatments show efficacy.
Random effects meta-analysis of all studies (pooled effects, all stages). Treatments with ≤3 studies with distinct authors or with <50 control events are shown in grey. Pooled results across all stages and outcomes depend on the distribution of stages and outcomes tested - for example late stage treatment may be less effective and if the majority of studies are late stage this may obscure the efficacy of early treatment. Please see the specific stage and outcome analyses. Protocols typically combine multiple treatments which may be complementary and synergistic, and the SOC in studies often includes other treatments. 1.3% of proposed treatments show efficacy in clinical studies. | |||||
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Random effects meta-analysis of early treatment studies (pooled effects). Treatments with ≤3 studies with distinct authors or with <50 control events are shown in grey. Pooled results across all outcomes are affected by the distribution of outcomes tested, please see detail pages for specific outcome analysis. Protocols typically combine multiple treatments which may be complementary and synergistic, and the SOC in studies often includes other treatments. 1.3% of proposed treatments show efficacy in clinical studies. | |||||
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Random effects meta-analysis of all mortality results (all stages). Treatments with ≤3 studies with distinct authors or with <25 control events are shown in grey. Pooled results across all stages depend on the distribution of stages tested - for example late stage treatment may be less effective and if the majority of studies are late stage this may obscure the efficacy of early treatment. Please see the specific stage analyses. Protocols typically combine multiple treatments which may be complementary and synergistic, and the SOC in studies often includes other treatments. 1.3% of proposed treatments show efficacy in clinical studies. | |||||
Loading.. Loading.. | |||||
Random effects meta-analysis of early treatment mortality results. Treatments with ≤3 studies with distinct authors or with <25 control events are shown in grey. Protocols typically combine multiple treatments which may be complementary and synergistic, and the SOC in studies often includes other treatments. 1.3% of proposed treatments show efficacy in clinical studies. | |||||
Loading.. Loading.. | |||||
Random effects meta-analysis of prophylaxis studies (pooled effects). Treatments with ≤3 studies with distinct authors or with <50 control events are shown in grey. Pooled results across all outcomes are affected by the distribution of outcomes tested, please see detail pages for specific outcome analysis. Protocols typically combine multiple treatments which may be complementary and synergistic, and the SOC in studies often includes other treatments. 1.3% of proposed treatments show efficacy in clinical studies. | |||||
Loading.. Loading.. | |||||
Random effects meta-analysis of prophylaxis mortality results. Treatments with ≤3 studies with distinct authors or with <25 control events are shown in grey. Protocols typically combine multiple treatments which may be complementary and synergistic, and the SOC in studies often includes other treatments. 1.3% of proposed treatments show efficacy in clinical studies. |
LATE TREATMENT | ||||||
Physician / Team | Location | Patients | HospitalizationHosp. | MortalityDeath | ||
Dr. David Uip (*) | Brazil | 2,200 | 38.6% (850) | Ref. | 2.5% (54) | Ref. |
EARLY TREATMENT - 38 physicians/teams | ||||||
Physician / Team | Location | Patients | HospitalizationHosp. | ImprovementImp. | MortalityDeath | ImprovementImp. |
Dr. Roberto Alfonso Accinelli 0/360 deaths for treatment within 3 days |
Peru | 1,265 | 0.6% (7) | 77.5% | ||
Dr. Mohammed Tarek Alam patients up to 84 years old |
Bangladesh | 100 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Oluwagbenga Alonge | Nigeria | 310 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Raja Bhattacharya up to 88yo, 81% comorbidities |
India | 148 | 1.4% (2) | 44.9% | ||
Dr. Flavio Cadegiani | Brazil | 3,450 | 0.1% (4) | 99.7% | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% |
Dr. Alessandro Capucci | Italy | 350 | 4.6% (16) | 88.2% | ||
Dr. Shankara Chetty | South Africa | 8,000 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Deborah Chisholm | USA | 100 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Ryan Cole | USA | 400 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% |
Dr. Marco Cosentino vs. 3-3.8% mortality during period; earlier treatment better |
Italy | 392 | 6.4% (25) | 83.5% | 0.3% (1) | 89.6% |
Dr. Jeff Davis | USA | 6,000 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Dhanajay | India | 500 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Bryan Tyson & Dr. George Fareed | USA | 20,000 | 0.0% (6) | 99.9% | 0.0% (4) | 99.2% |
Dr. Raphael Furtado | Brazil | 170 | 0.6% (1) | 98.5% | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% |
Dr. Heather Gessling | USA | 1,500 | 0.1% (1) | 97.3% | ||
Dr. Ellen Guimarães | Brazil | 500 | 1.6% (8) | 95.9% | 0.4% (2) | 83.7% |
Dr. Syed Haider | USA | 4,000 | 0.1% (5) | 99.7% | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% |
Dr. Mark Hancock | USA | 24 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Sabine Hazan | USA | 1,000 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Mollie James | USA | 3,500 | 1.1% (40) | 97.0% | 0.0% (1) | 98.8% |
Dr. Roberta Lacerda | Brazil | 550 | 1.5% (8) | 96.2% | 0.4% (2) | 85.2% |
Dr. Katarina Lindley | USA | 100 | 5.0% (5) | 87.1% | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% |
Dr. Ben Marble | USA | 150,000 | 0.0% (4) | 99.9% | ||
Dr. Edimilson Migowski | Brazil | 2,000 | 0.3% (7) | 99.1% | 0.1% (2) | 95.9% |
Dr. Abdulrahman Mohana | Saudi Arabia | 2,733 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Carlos Nigro | Brazil | 5,000 | 0.9% (45) | 97.7% | 0.5% (23) | 81.3% |
Dr. Benoit Ochs | Luxembourg | 800 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Ortore | Italy | 240 | 1.2% (3) | 96.8% | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% |
Dr. Valerio Pascua one death for a patient presenting on the 5th day in need of supplemental oxygen |
Honduras | 415 | 6.3% (26) | 83.8% | 0.2% (1) | 90.2% |
Dr. Sebastian Pop | Romania | 300 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Brian Proctor | USA | 869 | 2.3% (20) | 94.0% | 0.2% (2) | 90.6% |
Dr. Anastacio Queiroz | Brazil | 700 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Didier Raoult | France | 8,315 | 2.6% (214) | 93.3% | 0.1% (5) | 97.6% |
Dr. Karin Ried up to 99yo, 73% comorbidities, av. age 63 |
Turkey | 237 | 0.4% (1) | 82.8% | ||
Dr. Roman Rozencwaig patients up to 86 years old |
Canada | 80 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Vipul Shah | India | 8,000 | 0.1% (5) | 97.5% | ||
Dr. Silvestre Sobrinho | Brazil | 116 | 8.6% (10) | 77.7% | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% |
Dr. Vladimir Zelenko | USA | 2,200 | 0.5% (12) | 98.6% | 0.1% (2) | 96.3% |
Mean improvement with early treatment protocols | 236,564 | HospitalizationHosp. | 94.0% | MortalityDeath | 94.8% |
Physician results with early treatment protocols compared to
no early treatment. These results are subject to selection and ascertainment
bias and more accurate analysis requires details of the patient populations
and followup, however results are consistently better across many teams, and consistent
with the extensive controlled trial evidence that shows a significant
reduction in risk with many early treatments, and improved results with the
use of multiple treatments in combination.
Treatment |
Improvement (early) |
Studies (early) |
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BUBudesonide | 82% | 1 |
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PXProxalutamide | 71% | 3 |
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BLBamlaniv../e.. | 69% | 8 |
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(H)CQHydroxychlor.. | 62% | 36 |
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IVMIvermectin | 62% | 37 |
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RDRemdesivir | 61% | 4 |
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V.DVitamin D | 60% | 11 |
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FVFluvoxamine | 56% | 6 |
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CICasirivimab/i.. | 47% | 20 |
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PLPaxlovid | 41% | 23 |
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ZnZinc | 41% | 6 |
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SSotrovimab | 34% | 14 |
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FPVFavipiravir | 26% | 17 |
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V.CVitamin C | 24% | 5 |
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MPMolnupiravir | 18% | 26 |
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ACEAcetaminophen | -17% | 3 |
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TCTixagev../c.. | -29% | 2 |
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IBIbuprofen | -52% | 2 |
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Early treatments approved by >2 countries. 101 countries have officially approved treatments.
Details.
Dong | Retrospective 2,162 children 3-18 in China, showing 2.8 times greater vitamin D deficiency, and increased obesity, hypercholesterol, and.. |
Schmidt | Sufficiency: 86% lower mortality [p=0.003] |
Sposato | Retrospective 8,221 COVID+ patients in Italy, showing significantly lower ICU admission and CPAP/NIV use in the spring/summer compared to the winter.. |
Pugach | Analysis of COVID-19 in European countries, finding a correlation between the prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency and the mortality rate. |
Tison | Analysis of 1.2 million global users showing a significant decline in physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic, which remained below the pre.. |
Farag | 363 patient prophylaxis RCT: 88% fewer cases [p<0.0001] |
Tseimakh | Prospective study of 117 patients in Serbia, 78 treated with folic acid, pyridoxine hydrochloride, and cyanocobalamin, showing improved resolution.. |
Monserrat Villatoro | Prophylaxis PSM: 132% higher mortality [p=0.003] |
Doğan | 66 patients sufficiency: 56% lower mortality [p=0.46] and 11% higher ICU admission [p=1] |
Zhang | In Vitro and mouse study showing that folic acid decreased ACE2 expression and inhibited SARS-CoV-2. |
Yas | Retrospective 75 COVID-19 patients and 45 healthy controls in Iraq, showing lower folic acid levels in COVID-19 patients, and lower levels for.. |
Itelman | Retrospective 162 COVID-19 patients in Israel, showing lower vitamin B9 levels associated with increased COVID-19 severity. |
Meisel | 334 patients prophylaxis: 27% lower mortality [p=0.54] and 6% lower combined mortality/intubation [p=0.88] |
Ersöz | Retrospective 310 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Turkey, showing patients that were admitted to the ICU, intubated, or died had lower vitamin B9.. |
Galmés | Ecological study in Spain, showing lower intake of vitamin D, A, B9, and zinc in regions with the highest COVID-19 incidence and mortality. Vitamin.. |
Voelkle | 57 patients sufficiency: 12% lower combined mortality/ICU admission [p=0.02] |
Darand | Retrospective 9,189 adults showing no significant relationship between vitamin B9 intake and COVID-19 cases. |
Bliek-Bueno | 8,570 patients prophylaxis: 87% higher mortality [p<0.0001] |
Topless | 376,254 patients prophylaxis: 164% higher mortality [p<0.0001] and 51% more cases [p<0.0001] |
Shapiro | RCT 982 high risk outpatients in the USA reporting that intramuscular sotrovimab was non-inferior to intravenous administration. Death and.. |
Igho-Osagie | Analysis of 15,685 adults in the USA estimating that 29.3% of the population risk a major or contraindicated drug interaction with paxlovid, which.. |
Villamañán | 222 patients late treatment: 42% lower mortality [p=0.03] |
Ibeh | In Silico study identifying quercetin and naringenin as potent multitarget-directed ligands for 3CLpro, PLpro, and ACE2 with favorable ADME.. |
Davidsson | 655 patients prophylaxis: 2% lower IgG positivity [p=0.95] |
Recent studies (see the individual treatment pages for all studies):
Mar 27 |
et al., Epidemiol Prev., doi:10.19191/EP23.1.A503.016 | COVID-19 severity appears to be reduced in spring/summer |
Retrospective 8,221 COVID+ patients in Italy, showing significantly lower ICU admission and CPAP/NIV use in the spring/summer compared to the winter. There was no significant difference in viral load. Vitamin D levels were higher and CRP .. | ||
Mar 24 |
et al., Frontiers in Medicine, doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1121256 | Effect of vitamin D status on adult COVID-19 pneumonia induced by Delta variant: A longitudinal, real-world cohort study |
25% faster recovery [p=0.02]. Retrospective COVID-19 pneumonia patients in China, showing slower recovery with vitamin D deficiency. | ||
Mar 24 |
et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2023.03.21.23287410 (Preprint) | Intramuscular Versus Intravenous SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Sotrovimab for Treatment of COVID-19 (COMET-TAIL): A Randomized Non-inferiority Clinical Trial |
RCT 982 high risk outpatients in the USA reporting that intramuscular sotrovimab was non-inferior to intravenous administration. Death and hospitalization was more frequent with intramuscular administration, without statistical significan.. | ||
Mar 23 |
et al., Clinical Therapeutics, doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2023.03.012 | Prevalence of Potential Drug-Drug Interactions with Ritonavir-Containing COVID-19 therapy in the United States: An Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey |
Analysis of 15,685 adults in the USA estimating that 29.3% of the population risk a major or contraindicated drug interaction with paxlovid, which may increase significantly for patients over 60 or with several comorbidities that also inc.. | ||
Mar 23 |
et al., Section 4: Clinical pharmacy services, doi:10.1136/ejhpharm-2023-eahp.56 | Targeting patients with pneumonia by COVID-19 that could be beneficiated by colchicine |
42% lower mortality [p=0.03]. Retrospective 111 hospitalized COVID-19 pneumonia patients treated with colchicine and 111 matched controls, showing lower mortality with colchicine treatment. | ||
Mar 22 |
et al., Journal of Clinical Medicine, doi:10.3390/jcm12062429 | Identification of Clinical Response Predictors of Tocilizumab Treatment in Patients with Severe COVID-19 Based on Single-Center Experience |
86% lower mortality [p=0.003]. Prospective study of 120 severe COVID-19 patients in Poland treated with tocilizumab, showing significantly higher mortality with low vitamin D levels. | ||
Mar 22 |
et al., Informatics in Medicine Unlocked, doi:10.1016/j.imu.2023.101230 | Computational studies of potential antiviral compounds from some selected Nigerian medicinal plants against SARS-CoV-2 proteins |
In Silico study identifying quercetin and naringenin as potent multitarget-directed ligands for 3CLpro, PLpro, and ACE2 with favorable ADME properties. | ||
Mar 21 |
et al., Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu15061516 | Minerals and Antioxidant Micronutrients Levels and Clinical Outcome in Older Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 during the First Wave of the Pandemic |
28% lower mortality [p=0.26] and 53% lower severe cases [p=0.02]. Retrospective 235 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in France, showing lower zinc levels associated with severe cases. Results are provided for zinc levels as a continuous value. | ||
Mar 21 |
et al., Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.03.013 | The association between dietary intakes of zinc, vitamin C and COVID-19 severity and related symptoms: A cross-sectional study |
57% lower severe cases [p=0.03]. Retrospective 250 recovered COVID-19 patients, showing lower risk of severe cases with higher zinc intake. | ||
Mar 21 |
et al., Research Square, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2702282/v1 (Preprint) | Novel Protocol Using a Comprehensive Training ‘N’ Treatment (TNT) Approach Rapidly Reverses Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in Patients with Acute Loss of Taste and Smell Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Infection |
Retrospective 5 patients in the USA, showing 100% recovery of post-COVID-19 taste and smell disorders with a treatment protocol including zinc, vitamin A, B-complex, vitamin D, and alpha lipoic acid in addition to saline nasal irrigation,.. | ||
Mar 17 |
et al., MDPI AG, doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0325.v1 (Preprint) | Cardiovascular Safety of Hydroxychloroquine-Azithromycin in 424 COVID-19 Patients |
Retrospective 424 consecutive patients in France showing that HCQ+AZ treatment was safe for early stage COVID-19 treatment with the protocol used, which excluded 11 patients for contraindications. Treatment contraindications were the pres.. | ||
Mar 16 |
, M., Center for Open Science, doi:10.31219/osf.io/5xd6q (Review) (Preprint) | Peg-interferon Lambda Single Dose Treatment for COVID-19: A Call to Avoid another Hydroxychloroquine Fiasco |
Review of critical issues with [Reis]. Author notes that NEJM declined to publish these issues without comment. | ||
Mar 15 |
et al., Konuralp Tıp Dergisi, doi:10.18521/ktd.1134319 | Relationship between vitamin D level and clinical status in COVID-19 patients |
75% lower mortality [p=0.02]. Retrospective 47 outpatient and 47 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Turkey, showing higher mortality with vitamin D deficiency in unadjusted results. | ||
Mar 15 |
et al., Frontiers in Public Health, doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1145669 | Efficacy of nasal irrigation and oral rinse with sodium bicarbonate solution on virus clearance for COVID-19 patients |
39% shorter hospitalization [p=0.0009]. RCT 55 mild/moderate patients in China, showing shorter hospitalization with sodium bicarbonate nasal irrigation and oral rinsing. Oral rinse with 5% sodium bicarbonate solution three times daily. Nasal irrigation two times with the solut.. | ||
Mar 15 |
et al., PLOS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0281915 | Evaluation of outpatient treatment for non-hospitalised patients with COVID-19: The experience of a regional centre in the UK |
110% higher mortality [p=0.47] and 58% lower hospitalization [p=0.7]. Retrospective 604 outpatients in the UK, showing lower risk of hospitalization with molnupiravir treatment, without statistical significance due to the small number of hospitalizations. | ||
Mar 15 |
et al., Inflammopharmacology, doi:10.1007/s10787-023-01183-3 (Review) | Nutritional deficiencies that may predispose to long COVID |
Review of 22 nutritional factors that have been linked to COVID-19 outcomes, the role of nutrients in COVID-19 infection, and the prevalence of multiple nutritional deficiencies in the population. | ||
Mar 13 |
et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, doi:10.1073/pnas.2221857120 | Computational prediction of interactions between Paxlovid and prescription drugs |
In Silico analysis of drug–drug interactions for paxlovid. From 2,248 prescription drugs, 1,628 were predicted to have 2,445 interactions with nirmatrelvir and/or ritonavir (673 for nirmatrelvir and 1,403 ritonavir). For 873 drugs, author.. | ||
Mar 9 |
et al., F1000Research, doi:10.12688/f1000research.131730.1 | The effect of Vitamin D levels on the course of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients – a 1-year prospective cohort study |
56% lower mortality [p=0.24], 59% higher ICU admission [p=0.59], and 61% higher severe cases [p=0.009]. Prospective study of 301 hospitalized patients in Slovenia, showing higher mortality with vitamin D deficiency, without statistical significance. Fewer patients with severe cases were deficient, which authors hypothesize was due to their.. | ||
Mar 8 |
et al., Frontiers in Physiology, doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1089637 | The causal effect of physical activity intensity on COVID-19 susceptibility, hospitalization, and severity: Evidence from a mendelian randomization study |
Mendelian randomization study showing lower risk of COVID-19 severity, hospitalization, and cases with light physical activity, but no significant difference for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Authors note that they were unable t.. | ||
Mar 6 |
et al., Diagnostics, doi:10.3390/diagnostics13050998 | Association of Vitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency with Pathology in Hospitalized Patients |
28% fewer cases [p<0.0001]. Retrospective 11,182 hospitalized patients in Romania, showing vitamin D deficiency associated with COVID-19 cases. | ||
Mar 6 |
et al., Journal of Infection, doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2023.03.004 | Effect of calcifediol supplementation as add-on therapy on the immune repertoire in recipients of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine: A prospective open-label, placebo-controlled, clinical trial |
34% fewer symptomatic cases [p=0.01]. Prospective study of 580 ChAdOx1 recipients, 262 treated with calcifediol (patient choice), showing lower cases with treatment. Supplementation did not significantly affect antibody levels following ChAdOx1 receipt. Calcifediol patients w.. | ||
Mar 5 |
, M., Rounding The Earth (Review) (Preprint) | Melatonin - the Hormone of Both Sun and Darkness - Protects Your Health and Can Save Your Life |
Extensive review of melatonin and the evidence of beneficial effects for many health issues including COVID-19. | ||
Mar 5 |
et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2023.03.02.23286730 | Association of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Treatment with Long COVID Symptoms in an Online Cohort of Non-Hospitalized Individuals Experiencing Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Omicron Era |
14% higher PASC [p=0.4]. Retrospective 4,684 COVID+ patients mostly in the USA, 988 treated with paxlovid, showing higher odds of long COVID with treatment, without statistical significance. | ||
Mar 5 |
et al., The Journal of Nutrition, doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.03.001 | Vitamin D and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: SERVE Study (SARS-CoV-2 Exposure and the Role of Vitamin D among Hospital Employees) |
Prospective study of 250 healthcare workers in the USA. The results are unclear - Figure 3 shows ~40% lower incidence with vitamin D supplementation, while the text indicates OR 1.18. Authors collected symptom information, stating that &q.. | ||
Mar 4 |
et al., Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu15051285 | Effect of Lactoferrin on Clinical Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: The LAC Randomized Clinical Trial |
12% higher mortality [p=0.85], 45% higher ventilation [p=0.39], 6% higher combined mortality/ICU admission [p=0.87], and 34% worse recovery [p=0.12]. RCT 218 hospitalized patients in Italy, showing no significant differences with lactoferrin treatment. Authors note that in several previous studies showing clinical improvement, lactoferrin was given at an earlier stage of disease. Autho.. | ||
Mar 4 |
et al., Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.011 | Effect of zinc supplementation on symptom reduction and length of hospital stay among pediatric patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) |
88% lower mortality [p=0.13], 26% lower ventilation [p=0.75], 3% lower ICU admission [p=1], and 73% lower progression [p=0.004]. Retrospective 101 hospitalized pediatric patients in Saudi Arabia, showing zinc treatment associated with lower respiratory failure and shorter hospitalization in unadjusted results. Patients receiving zinc were older. Authors note elevat.. | ||
Mar 3 |
et al., Scientific Reports, doi:10.1038/s41598-023-30859-7 | Association of ApaI rs7975232 and BsmI rs1544410 in clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients according to different SARS-CoV-2 variants |
Retrospective 3,184 patients in Iran, showing COVID-19 outcomes for specific variants were associated with genotypes of the ApaI rs7975232 and BsmI rs1544410 vitamin D receptor polymorphisms. | ||
Mar 3 |
et al., Lung India, doi:10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_268_22 | Effectiveness of budesonide formoterol fixed-dose combination MDI in reducing cough symptoms in COVID-19 patients: A real-world evidence study |
69% lower hospitalization [p=0.07] and 29% improved recovery [p=0.008]. Prospective study of 102 patients in India, showing improved recovery of cough with budesonide+formoterol. Authors note better results with earlier treatment. Budesonide 800mcg + formoterol 12mcg bid for 7 days. | ||
Mar 3 |
et al., Molecular Psychiatry, doi:10.1038/s41380-023-02004-3 | Association of fluvoxamine with mortality and symptom resolution among inpatients with COVID-19 in Uganda: a prospective interventional open-label cohort study |
68% lower mortality [p<0.0001] and 53% improved recovery [p=0.04]. Prospective study of 316 hospitalized patients in Uganda, 94 receiving fluvoxamine, showing significantly lower mortality and improved recovery with treatment. | ||
Mar 2 |
et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2023.02.28.23286515 | Association between spironolactone use and COVID-19 outcomes in population-scale claims data: a retrospective cohort study |
18% lower mortality [p=0.004] and 17% lower ventilation [p<0.0001]. PSM retrospective 898,303 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the USA, 16,324 on spironolactone, showing lower mortality and ventilation with spironolactone use. | ||
Mar 2 |
et al., Microbiology Spectrum, doi:10.1128/spectrum.04674-22 | A Randomized Clinical Trial Testing Hydroxychloroquine for Reduction of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Shedding and Hospitalization in Early Outpatient COVID-19 Infection |
73% higher hospitalization [p=0.54], 20% improved recovery [p=0.19], and 17% improved viral clearance [p=0.19]. Delayed publication of an early terminated late treatment RCT with low-risk (no mortality) outpatients in the USA, showing no significant differences with HCQ. Authors do not provide symptom onset data, but the subgroup analysis suggests .. | ||
Mar 1 |
, K., Yakugaku Zasshi, doi:10.1248/yakushi.22-00169-1 (Dosing) | Pharmacokinetic Study of Antiviral Drugs in Patients with COVID-19 |
Pharmacokinetics study measuring the blood concentration of favipiravir in 7 critical patients in Japan, showing concentrations below the EC50 in 33 of 36 samples when using the standard dosing regimen. Authors note that patient character.. |
We aim to cover the most promising early treatments for
COVID-19. We use pre-specified effect extraction criteria that prioritizes
more serious outcomes, for details see methods. For specific
outcomes and different treatment stages see the individual pages. Not all
treatments are covered here, effectiveness has been reported for many other treatments in studies.
Of the 2,669 studies,
1,719 present results comparing with a control group,
1,562 are treatment studies, and
157 analyze outcomes based on serum levels. There are
32 animal studies,
67 in silico studies,
134 in vitro studies,
and 132 meta analyses.
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