COVID-19 early treatment: real-time analysis of 5,163 studies
Eker | Review of the potential of lactoferrin as an antiviral and immune-modulating agent against various viruses, with a focus on SARS-CoV-2. Authors.. |
Yu | 130 patients paxlovid early treatment: 9% lower mortality (p=0.92) and 34% improved recovery (p=0.04) |
Metwaly | In Silico and In Vitro study showing quercetin as a potent inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Computational analyses.. |
Mogire | Analysis of 187 countries showing higher latitude and lower vitamin D levels associated with increased COVID-19 prevalence, mortality, and case.. |
Timeline for when studies showed efficacy - details and limitations.
0.5% of treatments show efficacy.
Top journals that accept positive studies for low cost treatments:
Nutrients,
PLOS ONE,
Journal of Clinical Medicine,
International Journal of Infectious Diseases,
Scientific Reports,
Cureus,
more...
Treatment cost times median NNT - details and limitations.
0.5% of treatments show efficacy.
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All clinical results for selected treatments. 0.5% of treatments show efficacy.
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Random effects meta-analysis of all studies (pooled effects, all stages). Treatments with ≤3 studies with distinct authors or with <50 control events are shown in grey. Pooled results across all stages and outcomes depend on the distribution of stages and outcomes tested - for example late stage treatment may be less effective and if the majority of studies are late stage this may obscure the efficacy of early treatment. Please see the specific stage and outcome analyses. Protocols typically combine multiple treatments which may be complementary and synergistic, and the SOC in studies often includes other treatments. 0.5% of proposed treatments show efficacy in clinical studies. | |||||
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Random effects meta-analysis of early treatment studies (pooled effects). Treatments with ≤3 studies with distinct authors or with <50 control events are shown in grey. Pooled results across all outcomes are affected by the distribution of outcomes tested, please see detail pages for specific outcome analysis. Protocols typically combine multiple treatments which may be complementary and synergistic, and the SOC in studies often includes other treatments. 0.5% of proposed treatments show efficacy in clinical studies. | |||||
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Random effects meta-analysis of all mortality results (all stages). Treatments with ≤3 studies with distinct authors or with <25 control events are shown in grey. Pooled results across all stages depend on the distribution of stages tested - for example late stage treatment may be less effective and if the majority of studies are late stage this may obscure the efficacy of early treatment. Please see the specific stage analyses. Protocols typically combine multiple treatments which may be complementary and synergistic, and the SOC in studies often includes other treatments. 0.5% of proposed treatments show efficacy in clinical studies. | |||||
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Random effects meta-analysis of early treatment mortality results. Treatments with ≤3 studies with distinct authors or with <25 control events are shown in grey. Protocols typically combine multiple treatments which may be complementary and synergistic, and the SOC in studies often includes other treatments. 0.5% of proposed treatments show efficacy in clinical studies. | |||||
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Random effects meta-analysis of prophylaxis studies (pooled effects). Treatments with ≤3 studies with distinct authors or with <50 control events are shown in grey. Pooled results across all outcomes are affected by the distribution of outcomes tested, please see detail pages for specific outcome analysis. Protocols typically combine multiple treatments which may be complementary and synergistic, and the SOC in studies often includes other treatments. 0.5% of proposed treatments show efficacy in clinical studies. | |||||
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Random effects meta-analysis of prophylaxis mortality results. Treatments with ≤3 studies with distinct authors or with <25 control events are shown in grey. Protocols typically combine multiple treatments which may be complementary and synergistic, and the SOC in studies often includes other treatments. 0.5% of proposed treatments show efficacy in clinical studies. | |||||
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Random effects meta-analysis of long covid results. Treatments with ≤3 studies with distinct authors or with <50 control events are shown in grey. Pooled results across all stages and outcomes depend on the distribution of stages and outcomes tested - for example late stage treatment may be less effective and if the majority of studies are late stage this may obscure the efficacy of early treatment. Please see the specific stage and outcome analyses. Protocols typically combine multiple treatments which may be complementary and synergistic, and the SOC in studies often includes other treatments. 0.5% of proposed treatments show efficacy in clinical studies. |
LATE TREATMENT | ||||||
Physician / Team | Location | Patients | HospitalizationHosp. | MortalityDeath | ||
Dr. David Uip (*) | Brazil | 2,200 | 38.6% (850) | Ref. | 2.5% (54) | Ref. |
EARLY TREATMENT - 40 physicians/teams | ||||||
Physician / Team | Location | Patients | HospitalizationHosp. | ImprovementImp. | MortalityDeath | ImprovementImp. |
Dr. Roberto Alfonso Accinelli 0/360 deaths for treatment within 3 days |
Peru | 1,265 | 0.6% (7) | 77.5% | ||
Dr. Mohammed Tarek Alam patients up to 84 years old |
Bangladesh | 100 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Oluwagbenga Alonge | Nigeria | 310 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Raja Bhattacharya up to 88yo, 81% comorbidities |
India | 148 | 1.4% (2) | 44.9% | ||
Dr. Flavio Cadegiani | Brazil | 3,450 | 0.1% (4) | 99.7% | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% |
Dr. Alessandro Capucci | Italy | 350 | 4.6% (16) | 88.2% | ||
Dr. Shankara Chetty | South Africa | 8,000 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Deborah Chisholm | USA | 100 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Ryan Cole | USA | 400 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% |
Dr. Marco Cosentino vs. 3-3.8% mortality during period; earlier treatment better |
Italy | 392 | 6.4% (25) | 83.5% | 0.3% (1) | 89.6% |
Dr. Jeff Davis | USA | 6,000 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Dhanajay | India | 500 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Bryan Tyson & Dr. George Fareed | USA | 20,000 | 0.0% (6) | 99.9% | 0.0% (4) | 99.2% |
Dr. Raphael Furtado | Brazil | 170 | 0.6% (1) | 98.5% | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% |
Rabbi Yehoshua Gerzi | Israel | 860 | 0.1% (1) | 99.7% | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% |
Dr. Heather Gessling | USA | 1,500 | 0.1% (1) | 97.3% | ||
Dr. Ellen Guimarães | Brazil | 500 | 1.6% (8) | 95.9% | 0.4% (2) | 83.7% |
Dr. Syed Haider | USA | 4,000 | 0.1% (5) | 99.7% | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% |
Dr. Mark Hancock | USA | 24 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Sabine Hazan | USA | 1,000 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Mollie James | USA | 3,500 | 1.1% (40) | 97.0% | 0.0% (1) | 98.8% |
Dr. Roberta Lacerda | Brazil | 550 | 1.5% (8) | 96.2% | 0.4% (2) | 85.2% |
Dr. Katarina Lindley | USA | 100 | 5.0% (5) | 87.1% | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% |
Dr. Ben Marble | USA | 150,000 | 0.0% (4) | 99.9% | ||
Dr. Edimilson Migowski | Brazil | 2,000 | 0.3% (7) | 99.1% | 0.1% (2) | 95.9% |
Dr. Abdulrahman Mohana | Saudi Arabia | 2,733 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Carlos Nigro | Brazil | 5,000 | 0.9% (45) | 97.7% | 0.5% (23) | 81.3% |
Dr. Benoit Ochs | Luxembourg | 800 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Ortore | Italy | 240 | 1.2% (3) | 96.8% | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% |
Dr. Valerio Pascua one death for a patient presenting on the 5th day in need of supplemental oxygen |
Honduras | 415 | 6.3% (26) | 83.8% | 0.2% (1) | 90.2% |
Dr. Sebastian Pop | Romania | 300 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Brian Proctor | USA | 869 | 2.3% (20) | 94.0% | 0.2% (2) | 90.6% |
Dr. Anastacio Queiroz | Brazil | 700 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Didier Raoult | France | 8,315 | 2.6% (214) | 93.3% | 0.1% (5) | 97.6% |
Dr. Karin Ried up to 99yo, 73% comorbidities, av. age 63 |
Turkey | 237 | 0.4% (1) | 82.8% | ||
Dr. Roman Rozencwaig patients up to 86 years old |
Canada | 80 | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% | ||
Dr. Vipul Shah | India | 8,000 | 0.1% (5) | 97.5% | ||
Dr. Silvestre Sobrinho | Brazil | 116 | 8.6% (10) | 77.7% | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% |
Dr. Unknown | Brazil | 957 | 1.7% (16) | 95.7% | 0.2% (2) | 91.5% |
Dr. Vladimir Zelenko | USA | 2,200 | 0.5% (12) | 98.6% | 0.1% (2) | 96.3% |
Mean improvement with early treatment protocols | 238,381 | HospitalizationHosp. | 94.4% | MortalityDeath | 94.9% |
Physician results with early treatment protocols compared to
no early treatment. These results are subject to selection and ascertainment
bias and more accurate analysis requires details of the patient populations
and followup, however results are consistently better across many teams, and consistent
with the extensive controlled trial evidence that shows a significant
reduction in risk with many early treatments, and improved results with the
use of multiple treatments in combination.
Eker | Review of the potential of lactoferrin as an antiviral and immune-modulating agent against various viruses, with a focus on SARS-CoV-2. Authors.. |
Yu | 130 patients early treatment: 9% lower mortality (p=0.92) and 34% improved recovery (p=0.04) |
Metwaly | In Silico and In Vitro study showing quercetin as a potent inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Computational analyses.. |
Mogire | Analysis of 187 countries showing higher latitude and lower vitamin D levels associated with increased COVID-19 prevalence, mortality, and case.. |
Mogire | Analysis of 187 countries showing higher latitude and lower vitamin D levels associated with increased COVID-19 prevalence, mortality, and case.. |
Chen | In Vitro study showing that calcifediol inhibits SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro) activity through targeted binding. Authors conducted a FRET.. |
Rong | Postmortem analysis of COVID-19 patients and SARS-CoV-2 infected mice showing persistence of spike protein in the skull, meninges, and brain, which.. |
Valerio-Pascua | 259 patients early treatment: 90% lower PASC (p=0.001) |
Valerio-Pascua | 259 patients early treatment: 90% lower PASC (p=0.001) |
Chidambaram | Review of the efficacy of Andrographis paniculata and andrographolides against viruses including SARS-CoV-2. Author discusses extracts and.. |
Huerta León | Analysis of ivermectin in Peru showing significant variability in quality and concentration, with several formulations falling below the required.. |
Zhang | 209 patients late treatment: 43% lower progression (p=0.03) and 14% faster viral clearance (p=0.02) |
Anshori | In Silico study showing that propolis extract may be beneficial for COVID-19. Authors used network pharmacology and bioinformatics to identify 25.. |
Recent studies (see the individual treatment pages for all studies):
Dec 6 |
et al., Wiadomości Lekarskie, doi:10.36740/WLek/191875 | Effectiveness of the quercetin use in patients with COVID-19 with concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus |
15% shorter hospitalization (p<0.0001). RCT 60 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes showing quercetin treatment decreased levels of inflammatory markers (interleukin-6, CRP, ferritin), reduced length of hospital stay, and improved capillaroscopy measures compared.. | ||
Dec 3 |
et al., PLOS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0312866 | Integrated study of Quercetin as a potent SARS-CoV-2 RdRp inhibitor: Binding interactions, MD simulations, and In vitro assays |
In Silico and In Vitro study showing quercetin as a potent inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Computational analyses reveal quercetin binds similarly to remdesivir in the RdRp active site and outperforms it i.. | ||
Dec 2 |
, NCT05705167 | A Multicentre, Open Label, Randomised, Controlled, Basket, Pragmatic, Phase II, Clinical and Translational Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of Plitidepsin Versus Control in Immunocompromised Adult Patients With Symptomatic COVID-19 Requiring Hospital Care |
36% higher mortality (p=1). RCT 37 hospitalized immunocompromised patients, showing no significant benefit with plitidepsin treatment. | ||
Dec 1 |
, R., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2024.11.29.24318208 | Early Pandemic Associations of Latitude, Sunshine Duration, and Vitamin D Status with COVID-19 Incidence and Fatalities: A Global Analysis of 187 Countries |
Analysis of 187 countries showing higher latitude and lower vitamin D levels associated with increased COVID-19 prevalence, mortality, and case fatality rates during the early months of the pandemic. | ||
Nov 29 |
et al., Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, doi:10.1177/14791641241288390 | Impact of blood glucose control on clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection |
70% lower mortality (p=0.01). Retrospective 857 hospitalized type 2 diabetes patients showing lower mortality with pre-admission metformin use. Authors report no significant difference in mortality with in-hospital metformin use, but do not report the actual result. | ||
Nov 27 |
et al., Bioresources and Bioprocessing, doi:10.1186/s40643-024-00822-z | Assessing multi-target antiviral and antioxidant activities of natural compounds against SARS-CoV-2: an integrated in vitro and in silico study |
In Vitro and In Silico study showing that propolis, curcumin, quercetin, and ginseng compounds inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection and bind to key viral proteins. In Vero CCL-81 cells, propolis and curcumin significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral.. | ||
Nov 26 |
et al., Journal of Medical Virology, doi:10.1002/jmv.70085 | In Vitro Characterization of Inhibition Function of Calcifediol to the Protease Activity of SARS-COV-2 PLpro |
In Vitro study showing that calcifediol inhibits SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro) activity through targeted binding. Authors conducted a FRET-based screening experiment, supported by in vitro interaction studies, demonstrating calc.. | ||
Nov 26 |
et al., BMC Infectious Diseases, doi:10.1186/s12879-024-10211-8 | Mitigating the risks of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) with intranasal chlorpheniramine: perspectives from the ACCROS studies |
90% lower PASC (p=0.001). Prospective study of 259 COVID-19 outpatients from the ACROSS-I and ACROSS-III RCTs showing significantly lower long COVID with intranasal chlorpheniramine (iCPM) compared to placebo. 72% of placebo patients experienced at least one PASC .. | ||
Nov 25 |
et al., Revista Cubana de Medicina Militar, 53:4 | Content and characteristics of ivermectin in master formulations |
Analysis of ivermectin in Peru showing significant variability in quality and concentration, with several formulations falling below the required dosage standards (36.2%-95.8%). Dosage inconsistencies were identified in products from priv.. | ||
Nov 25 |
, K., Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, doi:10.4103/apjtb.apjtb_751_23 | Antiviral efficacy of Andrographis paniculata and andrographolides: A narrative review |
Review of the efficacy of Andrographis paniculata and andrographolides against viruses including SARS-CoV-2. Author discusses extracts and andrographolide derivatives that have shown immunomodulatory and antiviral effects in vitro and in .. | ||
Nov 25 |
et al., Frontiers in Medicine, doi:10.3389/fmed.2024.1494129 | Vitamin D deficiency and duration of COVID-19 symptoms in UK healthcare workers |
7% faster recovery (p=0.49) and 27% lower progression (p=0.01). Retrospective 392 healthcare workers in the UK showing vitamin D deficiency associated with a greater quantity of COVID-19 symptoms and longer durations of body aches and fatigue. Authors hypothesize that the anti-inflammatory properties .. | ||
Nov 22 |
et al., Chemistry & Biodiversity, doi:10.1002/cbdv.202401947 | Uncovering the Therapeutic Potential of Propolis Extract in Managing Hyperinflammation and Long COVID‐19: A Comprehensive Bioinformatics Study |
In Silico study showing that propolis extract may be beneficial for COVID-19. Authors used network pharmacology and bioinformatics to identify 25 inflammation-associated targets relevant to COVID-19, including STAT1, NOS2, and BTK, throug.. | ||
Nov 22 |
et al., Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, doi:10.3389/fcimb.2024.1390098 | Efficacy of azvudine plus dexamethasone in severe hospitalized patients with Omicron infection: a prospective multicenter study |
43% lower progression (p=0.03) and 14% faster viral clearance (p=0.02). Prospective multicenter study of 209 severe hospitalized COVID-19 patients in China showing improved 28-day composite outcomes, faster viral clearance, and higher PaO2/FiO2 levels with azvudine plus dexamethasone compared to dexamethasone.. | ||
Nov 21 |
et al., Discover Molecules, doi:10.1007/s44345-024-00005-5 | Exploring potential therapeutic candidates against COVID-19: a molecular docking study |
In Silico study showing potential inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 proteins by various compounds including dactinomycin, itraconazole, ivermectin, vitamin D, quercetin, curcumin, montelukast, bromhexine, hesperidin, EGCG and raloxifene. Authors p.. | ||
Nov 20 |
et al., Research Square, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-5317838/v1 | Ursodeoxycholic acid reduces ACE-2 activity in COVID-19 patients and Calu- 3 cells |
Retrospective 142 COVID-19 patients (89 treated with UDCA, 53 UDCA-free) showing reduced ACE2 levels in serum, plasma, and blood cells, a shorter time to fever resolution, and no significant difference in respiratory improvement with UDCA.. | ||
Nov 19 |
et al., Journal of Virology, doi:10.1128/jvi.00754-24 | SARS-CoV-2 NSP6 reduces autophagosome size and affects viral replication via sigma-1 receptor |
In Vitro study showing that the NSP6 protein from SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and Delta variant strains induces smaller autophagosomes and affects lysosome function in A549 cells. Authors find that NSP6 activates autophagy through the Akt-mTOR-U.. | ||
Nov 19 |
et al., Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, doi:10.1007/s12070-024-05213-6 | Different Modalities in the Management of Post-COVID-19 Olfactory Dysfunction |
Retrospective 120 cases showing that topical mometasone furoate, vitamin A, or intranasal theophylline shortened time to recovery from post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction compared to olfactory training alone. Final smell scores after four.. | ||
Nov 18 |
et al., Microorganisms, doi:10.3390/microorganisms12112353 | In Silico Analysis of Probiotic Bacteria Changes Across COVID-19 Severity Stages |
Reanalysis of publicly available microbiome datasets from 7 studies totaling 581 COVID-19 patients and controls, showing significant differential abundance of beneficial bacterial genera, particularly Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides, acro.. | ||
Nov 18 |
et al., Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics, doi:10.5812/jcp-149127 | The Association Between COVID-19 Infection Severity and Micronutrient Deficiencies in Children |
33% lower severe cases (p=0.21). Analysis of 85 pediatric patients (33 healthy controls, 25 mild COVID-19, 27 severe COVID-19), showing significantly lower serum zinc levels in severe COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls. Severe cases had higher prevalence of z.. | ||
Nov 17 |
et al., Journal of Infection, doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106355 | Real-world effectiveness and safety of Azvudine in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicenter, retrospective cohort study |
32% lower mortality (p<0.0001) and 12% lower progression (p=0.01). PSM retrospective 32,864 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in China showing lower all-cause mortality and disease progression with azvudine treatment. | ||
Nov 15 |
, R., Elsevier BV, doi:10.2139/ssrn.5021494 | Coating of Remdesivir and Ivermectin on Silver Nanoparticles: First Principle Study |
In Silico study showing that silver nanoparticles could be used as a therapeutic drug delivery mechanism for remdesivir and ivermectin against SARS-CoV-2. Using Density Functional Theory calculations, authors find that both drugs bond str.. | ||
Nov 15 |
et al., Journal of Chemical Research, doi:10.1177/17475198241298547 | Discovery of potential FDA-approved SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like protease inhibitors: A multi-phase in silico approach |
In Silico study showing potential inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro) by 7 FDA-approved drugs including indomethacin. Authors screened 3,009 drugs and identified indomethacin, vismodegib, celecoxib, ketoprofen, naphazoli.. | ||
Nov 15 |
et al., Frontiers in Immunology, doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1402135 | The potential of lactoferrin as antiviral and immune-modulating agent in viral infectious diseases |
Review of the potential of lactoferrin as an antiviral and immune-modulating agent against various viruses, with a focus on SARS-CoV-2. Authors highlight lactoferrin's ability to interfere with virus-host cell interactions by binding to c.. | ||
Nov 14 |
et al., New England Journal of Medicine, doi:10.1056/NEJMc2404555 | Immunobridging for Pemivibart, a Monoclonal Antibody for Prevention of Covid-19 |
Discussion of immunobridging data for the monoclonal antibody pemivibart for prevention of COVID-19 in immunocompromised individuals. Pemivibart received Emergency Use Authorization from the FDA based on safety and immunobridging data fro.. | ||
Nov 14 |
et al., New England Journal of Medicine, doi:10.1056/NEJMc2410203 | Activity of Research-Grade Pemivibart against Recent SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 Sublineages |
In Vitro study showing that a laboratory-synthesized version of the monoclonal antibody pemivibart had reduced neutralization activity against recent SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 sublineages. Pemivibart was authorized for COVID-19 pre-exposure prophyl.. | ||
Nov 13 |
et al., Scientific Reports, doi:10.1038/s41598-024-78538-5 | Elimination of olfactory sensory neurons by zinc sulfate inoculation prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection of the brain in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice |
Mouse study showing that zinc sulfate protects K18-hACE2 transgenic mice from lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection by preventing viral transmission to the brain via the olfactory nerve pathway. Authors found that mice lacking olfactory sensory neu.. | ||
Nov 13 |
et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2024.11.11.24317127 | Safety and Efficacy of Pemivibart, a Long-Acting Monoclonal Antibody, for Prevention of Symptomatic COVID-19: Interim Results From the CANOPY Clinical Trial |
75% lower hospitalization (p=0.34), 74% lower progression (p<0.0001), and 76% fewer symptomatic cases (p<0.0001). Phase 3 trial of 306 immunocompromised adults and 484 non-immunocompromised adults showing pre-exposure prophylaxis with pemivibart was generally well-tolerated and provided protection against symptomatic COVID-19 through 6 months in.. | ||
Nov 13 |
et al., bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2024.11.11.623127 | Neutralization of recent SARS-CoV-2 variants by genetically and structurally related mAbs of the pemivibart lineage |
In Vitro study showing continued activity of pemivibart and 15 pemivibart-like monoclonal antibodies against recent SARS-CoV-2 variants KP.3, KP.3.1.1, and XEC. Authors found that all 15 antibodies maintained activity against KP.3.1.1, wi.. | ||
Nov 13 |
et al., Inflammopharmacology, doi:10.1007/s10787-024-01597-7 | Role of intravenous vitamin C on outcomes in hospitalized patients with moderate or severe COVID-19: a real life data of Turkish patients |
84% lower mortality (p=0.05). Retrospective 270 moderate/severe hospitalized COVID-19 patients, showing lower mortality with high (25 g/day) or low-dose (2 g/day) intraveneous vitamin C. | ||
Nov 12 |
et al., Communications Medicine, doi:10.1038/s43856-024-00650-4 | The effects of remdesivir on long-term symptoms in patients hospitalised for COVID-19: a pre-specified exploratory analysis |
Long-term results for the NOR-Solidarity RCT showing worse long-term outcomes at 3 months with remdesivir compared to SoC with or without HCQ. The CAT total score was 16.8 vs. 11.4, p = 0.06, close to statistical significance for harm. Se.. | ||
Nov 12 |
et al., Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, doi:10.1002/pds.70043 | Investigating the Safety Profile of Fast‐Track COVID‐19 Drugs Using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System Database: A Comparative Observational Study |
FAERS adverse event analysis for remdesivir, bebtelovimab, molnupiravir, and paxlovid. Top 10 signals for serious adverse drug reactions for remdesivir included death and acute kidney injury, for paxlovid: disease recurrence and rebound, .. | ||
Nov 11 |
et al., Clinical Infectious Diseases, doi:10.1093/cid/ciae551 | Alleviation of COVID-19 Symptoms and Reduction in Healthcare Utilization Among High-Risk Patients Treated With Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (NMV/R): A phase 3 randomized trial |
Additional analysis of [Hammond]. Results are shown with the main paper [Hammond]. | ||
Nov 11 |
et al., Journal of Medical Bacteriology, 12:4 | Possible Link between Gut Microbiota, Diet, and COVID-19 Infection |
Review of the relationship between gut microbiota, diet, and COVID-19 infection. Authors analyze how SARS-CoV-2 infection affects gut microbiota composition and how dietary factors may influence disease outcomes. Studies show COVID-19 pat.. | ||
Nov 11 |
et al., Nutrition Reviews, doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuae154 | Effects of Vitamin C Supplements on Clinical Outcomes and Hospitalization Duration for Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
36% lower mortality (p=0.0001) and 41% lower severe cases (p=0.0006). Meta analysis of 22 studies with 6,831 patients showing significantly lower COVID-19 mortality and severity with vitamin C treatment. |
We aim to cover the most promising early treatments for
COVID-19. We use pre-specified effect extraction criteria that prioritizes
more serious outcomes, for details see methods. For specific
outcomes and different treatment stages see the individual pages. Not all
treatments are covered here, effectiveness has been reported for many other treatments in studies.
Of the 5,163 studies,
2,500 present results comparing with a control group,
2,290 are treatment studies, and
210 analyze outcomes based on serum levels. There are
97 animal studies,
186 in silico studies,
345 in vitro studies,
393 reviews,
and 228 meta analyses.
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments.
c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from
thousands of papers. Community updates
help ensure high accuracy.
Treatments and other interventions are complementary.
All practical, effective, and safe
means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis.
No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current
and future variants.
We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication,
consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details
of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH
provide treatment protocols.
Thanks for your feedback! Please search before submitting papers and note
that studies are listed under the date they were first available, which may be
the date of an earlier preprint.