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Peginterferon Lambda for COVID-19
5 studies with >2,000 patients
Hospital Icon Control
Hospital Icon Peg.. Lambda Serious Outcome Risk
No significant improvements are seen in meta analysis to date.
COVID-19 Peginterferon Lambda studies. Dec 2025. c19early.org
0 0.5 1 1.5+ All studies -15% Mortality 27% Hospitalization 25% Viral clearance 44% RCTs -15% Early 17% Late -38% Favorspeg.. lambda Favorscontrol
The primary positive trial1 has major anomolies2. Results from NCT04967430 have not been reported and contact information was deleted in the registry. Recent:
Kandel.
Dec 1
 Covid Analysis Peginterferon Lambda for COVID-19: real-time meta analysis of 5 studies
Meta analysis using the most serious outcome reported shows 15% [-36‑107%] higher risk, without reaching statistical significance. Results are consistent with early treatment being more effective than late treatment. Currently ..
Aug 14
 Kandel et al., Clinical Microbiology and Infection, doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2025.08.003 Peginterferon lambda for the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19: a phase 2, placebo-controlled randomised trial
32% worse 7-point scale results (p=0.49). RCT 97 hospitalized COVID-19 patients showing no significant benefit with peginterferon lambda.
Nov 6
2023
 Tallaksen, E., Do Your Own Research TOGETHER Files 2: Lawsuit reveals FTX bought effective control of TOGETHER trial, part of SBF's dream of a pharma empire
Analysis of legal documents showing that a non-profit controlled by FTX's SBF and a former colleague invested >$50 million in the Together Trial and had the right to potentially control the company. Author notes that incorrect and mislead..
Mar 16
2023
 Kelleni, M., Center for Open Science, doi:10.31219/osf.io/5xd6q Peg-interferon Lambda Single Dose Treatment for COVID-19: A Call to Avoid another Hydroxychloroquine Fiasco
Review of critical issues with [Reis]. Author notes that NEJM declined to publish these issues without comment.
Feb 24
2023
 Kim et al., Frontiers in Medicine, doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1095828 Peginterferon lambda for the treatment of hospitalized patients with mild COVID-19: A pilot phase 2 randomized placebo-controlled trial
200% higher ICU admission (p=1), 25% longer hospitalization (p=0.59), and 12% improved viral clearance (p=1). Very small RCT with 14 hospitalized patients in the USA showing no significant differences with peginterferon lambda. Viral load was improved, however 86% of treatment versus 14% of control patients received remdesivir, and the median bas..
Feb 9
2023
 Reis et al., New England Journal of Medicine, doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2209760 Early Treatment with Pegylated Interferon Lambda for Covid-19
27% lower mortality (p=0.76), 42% lower hospitalization (p=0.04), and 51% fewer combined hospitalization/ER visits (p=0.003). High-risk outpatient RCT with 931 peginterferon lambda patients and 1,018 control patients, showing significantly lower hospitalization/ER visits with treatment. Single subcutaneous injection. There were 85/931 and 286/1018 patients for w..
Mar 30
2021
 Jagannathan et al., Nature Communications, doi:10.1038/s41467-021-22177-1 Peginterferon Lambda-1a for treatment of outpatients with uncomplicated COVID-19: a randomized placebo-controlled trial
no change in hospitalization (p=1), 6% worse recovery (p=0.76), and 14% worse viral clearance (p=0.91). RCT 120 outpatients with mild/moderate COVID-19, showing no significant differences with peginterferon lambda-1a treatment. 180μg subcutaneous peginterferon lambda-1a.
Nov 12
2020
 Feld et al., The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30566-X (date from preprint) Peginterferon lambda for the treatment of outpatients with COVID-19: a phase 2, placebo-controlled randomised trial
75% lower progression (p=0.35) and 66% improved viral clearance (p=0.03). Small outpatient RCT with 30 peginterferon lambda and 30 control patients, showing improved viral clearance with treatment. Single subcutaneous injection of peginterferon lambda 180μg.
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