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c19early.org
Peginterferon Lambda for COVID-19
5 studies with >2,000 patients
Serious outcome risk
Peginterferon Lambda
Control
No significant improvements are seen in meta-analysis to date.
COVID-19 Peginterferon Lambda studies · October 2026
The primary positive trial1 has major anomolies2. Results from NCT04967430 have not been reported and contact information was deleted in the registry.
Covid Analysis Peginterferon Lambda for COVID-19: real-time meta-analysis of 5 studies (Version 8)
Meta-analysis using the most serious outcome reported shows 15% [-36‑107%] higher risk, without reaching statistical significance. Results are consistent with early treatment being more effective than late treatment. Currently ..
Aug 14
2025
 Kandel et al., Clinical Microbiology and Infection, doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2025.08.003 Peginterferon lambda for the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19: a phase 2, placebo-controlled randomised trial
32% worse 7-point scale results (p=0.49). RCT 97 hospitalized COVID-19 patients showing no significant benefit with peginterferon lambda.
Nov 6
2023
 Tallaksen, E., Do Your Own Research TOGETHER Files 2: Lawsuit reveals FTX bought effective control of TOGETHER trial, part of SBF's dream of a pharma empire
Analysis of legal documents showing that a non-profit controlled by FTX's SBF and a former colleague invested >$50 million in the Together Trial and had the right to potentially control the company. Author notes that incorrect and mislead..
Mar 16
2023
 Kelleni, M., Center for Open Science, doi:10.31219/osf.io/5xd6q Peg-interferon Lambda Single Dose Treatment for COVID-19: A Call to Avoid another Hydroxychloroquine Fiasco
Review of critical issues with [Reis]. Author notes that NEJM declined to publish these issues without comment.
Feb 24
2023
 Kim et al., Frontiers in Medicine, doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1095828 Peginterferon lambda for the treatment of hospitalized patients with mild COVID-19: A pilot phase 2 randomized placebo-controlled trial
200% higher ICU admission (p=1), 25% longer hospitalization (p=0.59), and 12% improved viral clearance (p=1). Very small RCT with 14 hospitalized patients in the USA showing no significant differences with peginterferon lambda. Viral load was improved, however 86% of treatment versus 14% of control patients received remdesivir, and the median bas..
Feb 9
2023
 Reis et al., New England Journal of Medicine, doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2209760 Early Treatment with Pegylated Interferon Lambda for Covid-19
27% lower mortality (p=0.76), 42% lower hospitalization (p=0.04), and 51% fewer combined hospitalization/ER visits (p=0.003). High-risk outpatient RCT with 931 peginterferon lambda patients and 1,018 control patients, showing significantly lower hospitalization/ER visits with treatment. Single subcutaneous injection. There were 85/931 and 286/1018 patients for w..
Mar 30
2021
 Jagannathan et al., Nature Communications, doi:10.1038/s41467-021-22177-1 Peginterferon Lambda-1a for treatment of outpatients with uncomplicated COVID-19: a randomized placebo-controlled trial
no change in hospitalization (p=1), 6% worse recovery (p=0.76), and 14% worse viral clearance (p=0.91). RCT 120 outpatients with mild/moderate COVID-19, showing no significant differences with peginterferon lambda-1a treatment. 180μg subcutaneous peginterferon lambda-1a.
Nov 12
2020
 Feld et al., The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30566-X (date from preprint) Peginterferon lambda for the treatment of outpatients with COVID-19: a phase 2, placebo-controlled randomised trial
75% lower progression (p=0.35) and 66% improved viral clearance (p=0.03). Small outpatient RCT with 30 peginterferon lambda and 30 control patients, showing improved viral clearance with treatment. Single subcutaneous injection of peginterferon lambda 180μg.
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