Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Antihistamines
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Monoclonals
Mpro inhibitors
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
PPIs
Quercetin
RdRp inhibitors
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
 
c19early.org COVID-19 treatment researchPPEPPE (more..)
Metformin Meta
Bromhexine Meta
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta PPIs Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Quercetin Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta
Ivermectin Meta Thermotherapy Meta
Melatonin Meta

 
    
  
PPE for COVID-19
4 studies from 65 scientists
351,091 patients in 4 countries
No significant improvements are seen in meta analysis to date.
COVID-19 PPE studies. Mar 2025. c19early.org
0 0.5 1 1.5+ All studies 2% Cases 2% RCTs 2% Prophylaxis 2% FavorsPPE Favorscontrol
Home   Post   Share   @CovidAnalysis   OutcomesOutcomes   Only RCTs are included. Recent:
Solberg.
Submit updates/corrections. Summary.
Jul 24
2024
Solberg et al., BMJ, doi:10.1136/bmj-2023-078918 Personal protective effect of wearing surgical face masks in public spaces on self-reported respiratory symptoms in adults: pragmatic randomised superiority trial
7% more cases (p=0.82). RCT 4,575 adults in Norway showing no significant difference in reported COVID-19 cases with surgical face mask use in public spaces. The study reports lower risk of overall respiratory infections, however this may be due to reporting bia..
Jul 17
2024
Smith et al., BMC Public Health, doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19462-1 A prospective randomised controlled trial investigating household SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a densely populated community in Cape Town, South Africa – the transmission of COVID-19 in crowded environments (TRACE) study
98% more cases (p=0.06) and 164% worse results (p=0.08). Cluster RCT 81 index cases and 245 household contacts in South Africa, showing no significant difference in COVID-19 cases with PPE use. The only symptom information is reported for index cases in the registry under adverse events. Public..
Jan 30
2023
Jefferson et al., Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006207.pub6 Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 78 RCTs for mask use and hand hygiene. Community mask wearing made little or no difference to the outcome of influenza-like illness/COVID-19 like illness (RR 0.95 [0.84-1.09]; 9 trials, 276,917 parti..
Jan 14
2022
Abaluck et al., Science, doi:10.1126/science.abi9069 Impact of community masking on COVID-19: A cluster-randomized trial in Bangladesh
9% fewer symptomatic cases (p=0.05). RCT 342,183 adults in Bangladesh showing lower COVID-19 cases with a community-level mask promotion and distribution intervention. The reduction in symptoms and seroprevalence was larger with surgical masks compared to cloth masks, and in..
Nov 18
2020
Bundgaard et al., Annals of Internal Medicine, doi:10.7326/M20-6817 Effectiveness of Adding a Mask Recommendation to Other Public Health Measures to Prevent SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Danish Mask Wearers
18% fewer cases (p=0.33). RCT 4,862 community-dwelling adults in Denmark, showig no significant difference in COVID-19 cases with recommending the use of surgical masks outside the home. The prespecified mortality outcomes are not reported and the only severity in..
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Thanks for your feedback! Please search before submitting papers and note that studies are listed under the date they were first available, which may be the date of an earlier preprint.
Submit