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$0 $1,000 $2,000+ -25+% 0% 25% 50% Treatment cost (US$) Efficacy vs. cost for COVID-19 treatments +38 more high-profit -ve drugs Glenzocimab -60% >$2,000 Olokizumab -50% >$2,000 PPIs -46% BMS mAbs -36% >$2,000 Darunavir -34% Acetaminophen -28% Cenicriviroc -28% >$2,000 Lufotrelvir >$2,000 Plitidepsin >$2,000 Losartan Sargramostim >$2,000 Cannabidiol Dexamethasone Lopinavir/ritonavir Ravulizumab >$2,000 Conv. Plasma $5,000 Remdesivir $3,120 Sarilumab >$2,000 Ibuprofen PPE Aspirin Tocilizumab Molnupiravir mutagenic/teratogenic Favipiravir Paxlovid Ensitrelvir Famotidine Vitamin C Sotrovimab $2,100 TMPRSS2 i.. Amubarvimab/r.. NAC Azvudine Vilobelimab $6,350 Colchicine Budesonide Probiotics Zinc HCQ Nitric Oxide Antiandro.. Metformin Sleep Vitamin A Tixagevimab/c.. Bebtelovimab H1RAs Sunlight Vitamin D H. Peroxide Exercise Fluvox. Curcumin N. Sativa NaHCO₃ Melatonin Casirivimab/i.. $2,100 Quercetin Bamlanivimab/e.. Ensovibep >$2,000 pH+ PVP-I Diet Regdanvimab $2,100 Thermotherapy Ivermectin Lifestyle / free No prescription Prescription required High-cost Lowerrisk Higherrisk c19early.org August 2025 COVID-19 involves the interplay of 200+ host/viral proteins/factors, modulated by many treatments. 0.5% of 10,000+proposed treatments show efficacy with ≥3 studies.Protocols combine treatments, none are 100% effective.c19early analyzes over 6,000 studies for 178 treatments.
Jul 25
2022
Balmforth et al., Journal of Clinical Virology, doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105248 RETRACTED: Evaluating the efficacy and safety of a novel prophylactic nasal spray in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multi-centre, double blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial.
This study was retracted.
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 200,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. IMA and WCH provide treatment protocols.
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