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$0 $1,000 $2,000+ -25+% 0% 25% 50% Treatment cost (US$) Efficacy vs. cost for COVID-19 treatments +56 more high-profit drugs PPIs -46% BMS mAbs -36% >$2,000 Darunavir -34% Acetaminophen -28% Cenicriviroc -28% >$2,000 Lufotrelvir >$2,000 Losartan Sargramostim >$2,000 Cannabidiol Dexamethasone Lopinavir/ritonavir Ravulizumab >$2,000 Conv. Plasma $5,000 Remdesivir $3,120 Sarilumab >$2,000 Ibuprofen Masks Aspirin Tocilizumab Molnupiravir mutagenic/teratogenic Favipiravir Paxlovid Famotidine Vitamin C Sotrovimab $2,100 TMPRSS2 i.. Amubarvimab/r.. NAC Vilobelimab $6,350 Azvudine Probiotics Colchicine Budesonide Zinc HCQ Nitric Oxide Antiandro.. Sleep Vitamin A Ensitrelvir Metformin Tixagevimab/c.. Bebtelovimab H1RAs Sunlight CPC Vitamin D H. Peroxide Exercise Fluvox. Curcumin N. Sativa NaHCO₃ Melatonin Casirivimab/i.. $2,100 Bamlanivimab/e.. Quercetin Ensovibep >$2,000 pH+ PVP-I Diet Regdanvimab $2,100 Thermotherapy Ivermectin Lifestyle / free No prescription Prescription required High-cost Lowerrisk Higherrisk c19early.org November 2025 USA official early treatments COVID-19 involves the interplay of 350+ host/viral proteins/factors, modulated by many treatments. 0.5% of 10,000+proposed treatments show efficacy with ≥3 studies.Protocols combine treatments, none are 100% effective.c19early analyzes over 6,200 studies for 211 treatments.
Jul 25
2022
 Balmforth et al., Journal of Clinical Virology, doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105248 RETRACTED: Evaluating the efficacy and safety of a novel prophylactic nasal spray in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multi-centre, double blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial.
This study was retracted.