Outcomes in COVID-19 plasma-activated water studies

All studies   Hospitalization   Serious outcomes   Recovery   RCTs   Peer-reviewed   All outcomes  
0 0.5 1 1.5+ All studies -9% 1 23 Improvement, Studies, Patients Relative Risk Hospitalization 28% 1 23 RCTs -9% 1 23 Late -9% 1 23 Plasma-activated water for COVID-19 c19early.org November 2025 Favorsplasma-activated water Favorscontrol
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Zhao (SB RCT) -9% 1.09 [0.36-3.34] progression 4/11 4/12 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.89 Late treatment -9% 1.09 [0.36-3.34] 4/11 4/12 9% higher risk All studies -9% 1.09 [0.36-3.34] 4/11 4/12 9% higher risk 1 plasma-activated water COVID-19 study c19early.org November 2025 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.89 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors plasma-activated water Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Zhao (SB RCT) 28% 0.72 [0.46-1.14] hosp. time 11 (n) 12 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.16 Late treatment 28% 0.72 [0.46-1.14] 11 (n) 12 (n) 28% lower risk All studies 28% 0.72 [0.46-1.14] 11 (n) 12 (n) 28% lower risk 1 plasma-activated water COVID-19 hospitalization result c19early.org November 2025 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.16 Favors plasma-activated water Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Zhao (SB RCT) -9% 1.09 [0.36-3.34] progression 4/11 4/12 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.89 Late treatment -9% 1.09 [0.36-3.34] 4/11 4/12 9% higher risk All studies -9% 1.09 [0.36-3.34] 4/11 4/12 9% higher risk 1 plasma-activated water COVID-19 serious outcome c19early.org November 2025 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.89 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors plasma-activated water Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Zhao (SB RCT) 30% 0.70 [0.39-1.26] no disch. 11 (n) 12 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.24 Late treatment 30% 0.70 [0.39-1.26] 11 (n) 12 (n) 30% lower risk All studies 30% 0.70 [0.39-1.26] 11 (n) 12 (n) 30% lower risk 1 plasma-activated water COVID-19 recovery result c19early.org November 2025 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.24 Favors plasma-activated water Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Zhao (SB RCT) -9% 1.09 [0.36-3.34] progression 4/11 4/12 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.89 Late treatment -9% 1.09 [0.36-3.34] 4/11 4/12 9% higher risk All studies -9% 1.09 [0.36-3.34] 4/11 4/12 9% higher risk 1 plasma-activated water COVID-19 Randomized Controlled Trial c19early.org November 2025 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.89 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors plasma-activated water Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Zhao (SB RCT) -9% 1.09 [0.36-3.34] progression 4/11 4/12 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.89 Late treatment -9% 1.09 [0.36-3.34] 4/11 4/12 9% higher risk All studies -9% 1.09 [0.36-3.34] 4/11 4/12 9% higher risk 1 plasma-activated water COVID-19 peer reviewed studies c19early.org November 2025 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.89 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors plasma-activated water Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Zhao (SB RCT) -9% 1.09 [0.36-3.34] progression 4/11 4/12 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Zhao (SB RCT) 73% 0.27 [0.08-0.92] no improv. 2/11 8/12 Zhao (SB RCT) 28% 0.72 [0.46-1.14] hosp. time 11 (n) 12 (n) Zhao (SB RCT) 30% 0.70 [0.39-1.26] no disch. 11 (n) 12 (n) Plasma-activated water COVID-19 outcomes c19early.org November 2025 Favors plasma-activated water Favors control