Silymarin: meta-analysis of COVID-19 studies

0 0.5 1 1.5+ All studies -20% 1 50 Improvement, Studies, Patients Relative Risk Hospitalization 8% 1 50 RCTs -20% 1 50 Late -20% 1 50 Silymarin for COVID-19 c19early.org December 2025 Favorssilymarin Favorscontrol
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Aryan (DB RCT) -20% 1.20 [0.36-4.02] oxygen time 25 (n) 25 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.78 Late treatment -20% 1.20 [0.36-4.02] 25 (n) 25 (n) 20% higher risk All studies -20% 1.20 [0.36-4.02] 25 (n) 25 (n) 20% higher risk 1 silymarin COVID-19 study c19early.org December 2025 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.78 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors silymarin Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Aryan (DB RCT) 8% 0.92 [0.73-1.16] hosp. time 25 (n) 25 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.5 Late treatment 8% 0.92 [0.73-1.16] 25 (n) 25 (n) 8% lower risk All studies 8% 0.92 [0.73-1.16] 25 (n) 25 (n) 8% lower risk 1 silymarin COVID-19 hospitalization result c19early.org December 2025 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.5 Favors silymarin Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Aryan (DB RCT) -20% 1.20 [0.36-4.02] oxygen time 25 (n) 25 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.78 Late treatment -20% 1.20 [0.36-4.02] 25 (n) 25 (n) 20% higher risk All studies -20% 1.20 [0.36-4.02] 25 (n) 25 (n) 20% higher risk 1 silymarin COVID-19 Randomized Controlled Trial c19early.org December 2025 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.78 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors silymarin Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Aryan (DB RCT) -20% 1.20 [0.36-4.02] oxygen time 25 (n) 25 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.78 Late treatment -20% 1.20 [0.36-4.02] 25 (n) 25 (n) 20% higher risk All studies -20% 1.20 [0.36-4.02] 25 (n) 25 (n) 20% higher risk 1 silymarin COVID-19 peer reviewed studies c19early.org December 2025 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.78 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors silymarin Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Aryan (DB RCT) -20% 1.20 [0.36-4.02] oxygen time 25 (n) 25 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Aryan (DB RCT) -9% 1.09 [0.91-1.30] oxygen time 25 (n) 25 (n) Aryan (DB RCT) 8% 0.92 [0.73-1.16] hosp. time 25 (n) 25 (n) Silymarin COVID-19 outcomes c19early.org December 2025 Favors silymarin Favors control