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$0 $1,000 $2,000+ -25+% 0% 25% 50% Treatment cost (US$) Efficacy vs. cost for COVID-19 treatments +53 more high-profit drugs PPIs -46% BMS mAbs -36% >$2,000 Darunavir -34% Acetaminophen -28% Cenicriviroc -28% >$2,000 Lufotrelvir >$2,000 Losartan Sargramostim >$2,000 Cannabidiol Dexamethasone Lopinavir/ritonavir Ravulizumab >$2,000 Conv. Plasma $5,000 Remdesivir $3,120 Sarilumab >$2,000 Ibuprofen Masks Aspirin Tocilizumab Molnupiravir mutagenic/teratogenic Favipiravir Paxlovid Ensitrelvir Famotidine Vitamin C Sotrovimab $2,100 TMPRSS2 i.. Amubarvimab/r.. NAC Vilobelimab $6,350 Azvudine Probiotics Colchicine Budesonide Zinc HCQ Nitric Oxide Antiandro.. Sleep Vitamin A Metformin Tixagevimab/c.. Bebtelovimab H1RAs Sunlight CPC Vitamin D H. Peroxide Exercise Fluvox. Curcumin N. Sativa NaHCO₃ Melatonin Casirivimab/i.. $2,100 Bamlanivimab/e.. Quercetin Ensovibep >$2,000 pH+ PVP-I Diet Regdanvimab $2,100 Thermotherapy Ivermectin Lifestyle / free No prescription Prescription required High-cost Lowerrisk Higherrisk c19early.org November 2025 USA official early treatments COVID-19 involves the interplay of 350+ host/viral proteins/factors, modulated by many treatments. 0.5% of 10,000+proposed treatments show efficacy with ≥3 studies.Protocols combine treatments, none are 100% effective.c19early analyzes over 6,200 studies for 206 treatments.
Enisamium was adopted in 3 countries.
May 6
2024
 Holubovska et al., Advances in Respiratory Medicine, doi:10.3390/arm92030021 RNA Polymerase Inhibitor Enisamium for Treatment of Moderate COVID-19 Patients: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter, Double-Blind Phase 3 Clinical Trial
no change in recovery, 86% lower mortality (p=0.25), 75% lower progression (p=0.03), and 9% faster improvement (p=0.01). RCT 592 hospitalized moderate COVID-19 patients in Ukraine showing improved recovery and lower progression with enisamium. The trial initially included patients with moderate COVID-19 not requiring oxygen, but a mid-trial change was made ..
Sep 17
2021
 Elli et al., Biomedicines, doi:10.3390/biomedicines9091254 Enisamium Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 RNA Synthesis
In vitro study showing inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 RNA synthesis by enisamium and its metabolite VR17-04. Authors showed that enisamium inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Caco-2 cells with an IC50 of 1.2 mM and coronavirus HCoV-NL63 infection..