Control
May 24 |
Probiotics reduce COVID-19 risk: real-time meta analysis of 28 studies | |
| Significantly lower risk is seen for mortality, hospitalization, progression, recovery, and cases. 13 studies from 12 independent teams in 9 countries show significant benefit. Meta analysis using the most serious outcome reported shows.. | ||
Apr 9 |
et al., mBio, doi:10.1128/mbio.04015-24 | SARS-CoV-2 infectivity can be modulated through bacterial grooming of the glycocalyx |
| In Vitro study showing that certain gut bacteria can modulate SARS-CoV-2 infection by degrading heparan sulfate (HS) on cell surfaces. Authors found that the abundance of HS-modifying bacteria inversely correlates with age, sex, and COVID.. | ||
Nov 18 2024 |
et al., Microorganisms, doi:10.3390/microorganisms12112353 | In Silico Analysis of Probiotic Bacteria Changes Across COVID-19 Severity Stages |
| Reanalysis of publicly available microbiome datasets from 7 studies totaling 581 COVID-19 patients and controls, showing significant differential abundance of beneficial bacterial genera, particularly Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides, acro.. | ||
Nov 11 2024 |
et al., Journal of Medical Bacteriology, 12:4 | Possible Link between Gut Microbiota, Diet, and COVID-19 Infection |
| Review of the relationship between gut microbiota, diet, and COVID-19 infection. Authors analyze how SARS-CoV-2 infection affects gut microbiota composition and how dietary factors may influence disease outcomes. Studies show COVID-19 pat.. | ||
Nov 8 2024 |
et al., Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu16223840 | Alteration of the Gut–Lung Axis After Severe COVID-19 Infection and Modulation Through Probiotics: A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Study |
| Randomized controlled trial of 21 patients after severe COVID-19 infection showing improved microbial richness, stool metabolites, innate immune function, and quality of life with a multispecies probiotic compared to placebo over 6 months.. | ||
Oct 6 2024 |
et al., Frontiers in Nutrition, doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1465324 | Comparative analysis of COVID-19 responses in Japan and Africa: diet, phytochemicals, vitamin D, and gut microbiota in reducing mortality—A systematic review and meta-analysis |
| Comparative analysis of COVID-19 responses in Japan and Africa, focusing on diet, phytochemicals, vitamin D, and gut microbiota in reducing mortality. Authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the unexpectedly.. | ||
Sep 18 2024 |
, A., Journal of Translational Medicine, doi:10.1186/s12967-024-05587-9 | Nutraceuticals and pharmacological to balance the transitional microbiome to extend immunity during COVID-19 and other viral infections |
| Review of nutraceuticals and pharmacological interventions to balance the microbiome and boost immunity during COVID-19 and other viral infections. Authors propose that optimal usage of probiotics, dietary fibers, vitamins, minerals, omeg.. | ||
Sep 16 2024 |
et al., Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, doi:10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422 | Anti-inflammatory and Nutritional Interventions Against SARS-CoV-2: A Comprehensive Review |
| Review of anti-inflammatory and nutritional interventions against SARS-CoV-2. Authors emphasize the importance of a healthy immune response in reducing the severity of COVID-19, especially in high-risk groups like the elderly and those wi.. | ||
Aug 8 2024 |
et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2024.08.07.24311606 | Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S)-Producing Oral Bacteria May Protect Against COVID-19 |
| Bioinformatics analysis of oral microbiome data from 244 healthy subjects across 8 countries showing an association between higher levels of hydrogen sulfide-producing oral bacteria and lower COVID-19 mortality rates. Authors hypothesize .. | ||
Aug 5 2024 |
et al., BMC Microbiology, doi:10.1186/s12866-024-03423-0 | Large-scale genetic correlation studies explore the causal relationship and potential mechanism between gut microbiota and COVID-19-associated risks |
| Mendelian randomization study based on large-scale GWAS data from 18,340 individuals showing a causal relationship between 14 gut microbiota taxa and reduced or increased risk of COVID-19 severity, hospitalization, or susceptibility. The .. | ||
Jul 16 2024 |
et al., Microorganisms, doi:10.3390/microorganisms12071443 | Efficacy of a Multistrain Synbiotic Treatment in Acute and Post-Acute COVID-19 Patients: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial |
| 33% improved recovery (p=0.32). RCT 52 acute COVID-19 inpatients in Italy showing a multistrain synbiotic formula prevented a decrease in gut microbiota diversity and prevented decreases in lymphocyte count and hemoglobin levels compared to placebo. The probiotic group .. | ||
May 10 2024 |
et al., Cureus, doi:10.7759/cureus.60038 | Bifidobacterium Against COVID-19: A Mother and Her Newborn’s Gut Microbiome |
| Case report of a mother and her newborn infected with COVID-19 within two weeks of the baby's birth. Authors propose that the disease course was altered by maternal supplementation of vitamins C and D and zinc starting after exposure on d.. | ||
Jan 29 2024 |
et al., Microorganisms, doi:10.3390/microorganisms12020284 | Lactobacilli in COVID-19: A Systematic Review Based on Next-Generation Sequencing Studies |
| Review of nine studies using next generation sequencing to analyze the association between lactobacilli and COVID-19, focusing on the gut and upper respiratory tract microbiota. Studies showed that lactobacilli have reduced abundance in C.. | ||
Jan 10 2024 |
et al., Acute Medicine & Surgery, doi:10.1002/ams2.923 | Dysbiosis of gut microbiota in patients with severe COVID‐19 |
| Retrospective 30 mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients without prior antibiotic use showing dysbiosis of gut microbiota with decreases in commensals like Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, and Blautia and increases in opportunists like.. | ||
Jan 9 2024 |
et al., Microorganisms, doi:10.3390/microorganisms12010131 | Gut Microbiome Disruption Following SARS-CoV-2: A Review |
| Review of gut microbiome changes associated with COVID-19 during acute infection and post-acute COVID syndrome (PCS). Authors report increased opportunistic pathogens and reduced beneficial symbionts in acute COVID-19 lead to dysbiosis an.. | ||
Jan 5 2024 |
et al., Frontiers in Microbiology, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1296447 | Role of probiotics in managing various human diseases, from oral pathology to cancer and gastrointestinal diseases |
| Review of the role of probiotics in managing various human diseases including potential benefits for COVID-19. Probiotics may help restore equilibrium in the gut microbiota disrupted by COVID-19. Probiotic consumption can reduce viral loa.. | ||
Jan 4 2024 |
et al., BMC Nutrition, doi:10.1186/s40795-023-00816-8 | The role of nutritional support with probiotics in outpatients with symptomatic acute respiratory tract infections: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled dietary study |
| 60% improved recovery (p=0.02) and 68% lower PASC (p=0.008). RCT 73 outpatients with mild COVID-19 showing improved recovery and increased RBD/spike antibody response with 28 days of a multi-strain probiotic (Bifidobacterium (B.) lactis BI040, B. longum BL020, Lactobacillus (L) rhamnosus LR110, L. .. | ||
Dec 7 2023 |
et al., The Lancet Infectious Diseases, doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00685-0 | A synbiotic preparation (SIM01) for post-acute COVID-19 syndrome in Hong Kong (RECOVERY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial |
| 57% improved recovery (p<0.0001). RCT 463 patients with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) showing that treatment with a synbiotic preparation (SIM01) containing probiotics and prebiotics was associated with alleviation of multiple PACS symptoms including fatigue, memory.. | ||
Nov 8 2023 |
et al., Cell Host & Microbe, doi:10.1016/j.chom.2023.10.007 | Cross-regulation of antibody responses against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and commensal microbiota via molecular mimicry |
| Analysis of the role of oral microbiota, particularly Streptococcus salivarius, in enhancing immune response against SARS-CoV-2. Authors show that several commensal bacteria express proteins that mimic the receptor binding domain of the s.. | ||
Nov 2 2023 |
et al., JAMA Network Open, doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.40608 | Streptococcus salivarius Probiotics to Prevent Acute Otitis Media in Children |
| 33% fewer cases (p=1). RCT 827 children aged 1-6 years in daycare in Finland analyzing the effectiveness of daily Streptococcus salivarius K12 oral probiotic use for 6 months in preventing acute otitis media (AOM). The probiotic group did not have a significant.. | ||
Oct 31 2023 |
et al., American Journal of Gastroenterology, doi:10.14309/01.ajg.0000950600.34429.5f | Probiotics Counterfeit! Study Finds Most Labels Mislead Customers |
| Analysis of the probiotic content of foods finding that labels were often misleading. Of 26 probiotic foods tested, only 5 contained Bifidobacterium in sufficient concentration for exhibiting a therapeutic effect. | ||
Oct 22 2023 |
et al., ACG 2023 | Probiotics Counterfeit! Study Finds Most Labels Mislead Customers |
| Analysis of 26 commercially available probiotics with labels indicating Bifidibacteria content, showing only five contained Bifidobacterium in sufficient concentration for a therapeutic effect, and showing presence of a pathogen in one pr.. | ||
Oct 22 2023 |
et al., ACG 2023 | Treatment with Ivermectin Increases the Population of Bifidobacterium in the Gut |
| Analysis of the effect of ivermectin on the gut microbiome, showing a significant increase in Bifidobacterium. Bifidobacterium plays a key role in the immune system, for example enhancing antibody production, facilitating the induction of.. | ||
Oct 20 2023 |
et al., Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu15204458 | Lactobacillus paragasseri SBT2055 Activates Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Improves Subjective Symptoms of Common Cold in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Parallel-Group Comparative Trial |
| RCT showing benefits for the common cold with probiotic LG2055. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial examined whether Lactobacillus paragasseri SBT2055 (LG2055) could suppress common cold symptoms by activating plasmacy.. | ||
Sep 30 2023 |
et al., Minerva Medica, doi:10.23736/S0026-4806.23.08920-6 | Role of S. salivarius K12 in the prevention of URTI and AGE in nursery-aged children |
| 78% fewer cases (p=0.007). Retrospective study of 287 nursery school children in Italy, 186 treated with S. salivarius K12 probiotic. The probiotic group had significantly lower rates of COVID-19, bronchitis, sinusitis, and laryngitis as well as lower antibiotic us.. | ||
Aug 31 2023 |
et al., Life, doi:10.3390/life13091847 | The Role of Bifidobacterium in COVID-19: A Systematic Review |
| Review of studies investigating the relationship between the gut bacteria genus Bifidobacterium and COVID-19. Observational studies found that lower abundance of Bifidobacterium was associated with more severe COVID-19. Interventional stu.. | ||
Jul 15 2023 |
et al., Current Research in Immunology, doi:10.1016/j.crimmu.2023.100064 | High baseline frequencies of natural killer cells are associated with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection |
| Analysis of 88 COVID+ patients in the USA showing that a higher frequency of natural killer (NK) cells was associated with asymptomatic infection. Improved NK cell numbers and functioning has been shown for exercise [Oh], better sleep [Ir.. | ||
Jun 13 2023 |
et al., Research Square, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3049708/v1 | The effects of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus and colchicine on the control of symptoms, duration, and disease progression of mild and moderate cases of COVID-19: A randomized controlled clinical trial |
| 80% lower hospitalization (p=0.2) and 18% improved recovery (p=0.42). RCT 150 patients in Egypt showing no significant difference in outcomes with probiotic lactobacillus acidophilus, although hospitalization was 2% versus 10% for control. SOC included vitamin C, D, and zinc. | ||
May 22 2023 |
et al., Frontiers in Nutrition, doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1179432 | Probiotics improve symptoms of patients with COVID-19 through gut-lung axis: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| Systematic review and meta-analysis of 10 studies (8 RCTs and 2 retrospective studies) with 1,198 COVID-19 patients showing improved overall symptoms, reduced diarrhea duration, lower C-reactive protein levels, and shorter hospital stays .. | ||
Apr 1 2023 |
et al., Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu15071736 | Effect of an Immune-Boosting, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Food Supplement in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Randomized Pilot Study |
| 61% lower mortality (p=0.05). RCT 162 late stage (65% on oxygen) patients in Spain, 78 treated with probiotics, prebiotics, vitamin D, zinc, and selenium, showing lower mortality with treatment, statistically significant only within the patients with high severity at .. | ||
Mar 31 2023 |
et al., PLOS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0278356 | Safety and efficacy of probiotic supplements as adjunctive therapies in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
| Systematic review and meta-analysis of 8 RCTs with 1,027 patients showing that early probiotic supplements in COVID-19 patients reduced risk of a composite clinical endpoint of escalation or mortality (ow certainty), diarrhea, and cough/d.. | ||
Jan 17 2023 |
et al., Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu15030488 | Ongoing Treatment with a Spore-Based Probiotic Containing Five Strains of Bacillus Improves Outcomes of Mild COVID-19 |
| 40% improved recovery (p=0.008). Retrospective 60 patients in Romania taking probiotics and 60 matched controls, showing faster symptom resolution with the use of probiotics. Spore-based probiotic containing five strains of Bacillus. | ||
Oct 6 2022 |
et al., Gut Microbes, doi:10.1080/19490976.2022.2128603 | Antibiotics and probiotics impact gut antimicrobial resistance gene reservoir in COVID-19 patients |
| Analysis of 142 hospitalized COVID-19 patients showing antibiotics further expanded the gut antimicrobial resistance gene (AMR) reservoir while probiotics (synbiotic formula SIM01) reduced AMR genes. At admission, antibiotic-naive COVID-1.. | ||
Sep 30 2022 |
et al., Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, doi:10.1080/10408398.2022.2128713 | Benefits of probiotic use on COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
| 51% improved recovery (p<0.0001). Systematic review and meta analysis showing significant improvement in symptoms with priobiotic treatment. | ||
Sep 28 2022 |
et al., Microorganisms, doi:10.3390/microorganisms10101926 | Clinical Effects of Streptococcus salivarius K12 in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: Results of a Preliminary Study |
| 62% lower mortality (p=0.17) and no change in ICU admission (p=1). RCT 50 hospitalized patients in Pakistan, 25 treated with S. salivarius K12, showing lower mortality with treatment, without statistical significance. There were more patients with higher oxygen requirements at baseline in the control gro.. | ||
Aug 24 2022 |
et al., Medicine in Microecology, doi:10.1016/j.medmic.2022.100061 | Oral intake of Kluyveromyces marxianus B0399 plus lactobacillus rhamnosus CECT 30579 to mitigate symptoms in COVID-19 patients: A randomized open label clinical trial |
| 33% improved recovery (p=0.08). RCT with 24 probiotics and 15 control patients in Spain, showing lower overall symptoms and lower digestive symptoms with treatment. Kluyveromyces marxianus B0399 plus lactobacillus rhamnosus CECT 30579. | ||
Aug 3 2022 |
et al., Frontiers in Nutrition, doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.962566 | Evaluation of the effect of Loigolactobacillus coryniformis K8 CECT 5711 consumption in health care workers exposed to COVID-19 |
| 9% fewer cases (p=0.92). Prophylaxis RCT with 127 probiotics and 128 control healthcare workers in Spain, showing no significant difference in cases. There were only 4 cases. Severity information by arm is not provided. L. coryniformis K8 CECT 5711. Treatment may.. | ||
Aug 1 2022 |
et al., Biomedicines, doi:10.3390/biomedicines10081851 | Exploiting Bacteria for Improving Hypoxemia of COVID-19 Patients |
| 78% lower mortality (p=0.28) and 78% improvement (p=0.0001). Retrospective COVID-19 patients requiring CPAP, 21 treated with SLAB51 probiotics and 15 control patients, showing improved outcomes with treatment, despite significantly lower blood oxygenation at baseline in the treatment group. | ||
Jun 28 2022 |
et al., Journal of Clinical Medicine, doi:10.3390/jcm11133758 | COVID-19 Pneumonia and Gut Inflammation: The Role of a Mix of Three Probiotic Strains in Reducing Inflammatory Markers and Need for Oxygen Support |
| 86% lower ICU admission (p=0.24) and 26% shorter hospitalization (p=0.52). RCT 80 COVID-19 interstitial pneumonia patients in Italy, 40 treated with probiotics, showing significantly reduced gut inflammatory markers with treatment, and lower ICU admission and mortality, without statistical significance. Bifidoba.. | ||
Mar 2 2022 |
et al., Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, doi:10.1111/jgh.15796 | Gut microbiota-derived synbiotic formula (SIM01) as a novel adjuvant therapy for COVID-19: An open-label pilot study |
| 67% improvement (p=0.06). Pilot study of probiotic SIM01 with 25 consecutive COVID-19 patients in Hong Kong and 30 control patients treated by a different team during the same time period, showing improved antibody formation, reduced viral load and pro-inflammator.. | ||
Jan 12 2022 |
et al., Frontiers in Nutrition, doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.756177 | Oral Bacteriotherapy Reduces the Occurrence of Chronic Fatigue in COVID-19 Patients |
| 54% improved recovery (p<0.0001). Retrospective 58 hospitalized patients, 24 receiving probiotics during hospitalization, showing significantly lower fatigue six months post discharge with treatment. | ||
Jan 5 2022 |
et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2022.01.04.21268275 | Daily Lactobacillus Probiotic versus Placebo in COVID-19-Exposed Household Contacts (PROTECT-EHC): A Randomized Clinical Trial |
| 33% fewer moderate/severe cases (p=0.15), 38% fewer symptomatic cases (p=0.02), 27% faster recovery (p=0.37), and 43% fewer cases (p=0.17). RCT 182 COVID-19 exposed patients, 91 treated with daily probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG starting a median of 3 days from exposure, showing lower symptomatic COVID-19 with treatment. There were no hospitalizations or deaths. | ||
Jan 5 2022 |
et al., Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu14010228 | Effects of Loigolactobacillus coryniformis K8 CECT 5711 on the Immune Response of Elderly Subjects to COVID-19 Vaccination: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
| 2% higher mortality (p=1), 38% slower recovery (p=0.56), 28% higher severe cases (p=0.75), and 2% more symptomatic cases (p=1). RCT 200 nursing home residents over 60 years old in Spain showing Loigolactobacillus coryniformis K8 probiotic administration enhanced IgG antibody response in subjects previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 and tended to improve IgA antibod.. | ||
Dec 31 2021 |
et al., Annals of Palliative Medicine, doi:10.21037/apm-21-3373 | The efficacy of probiotics in patients with severe COVID-19 |
| Retrospective 156 COVID-19 patients in China, showing that diarrhea was significantly more common in severe/critical cases, and for severe/critical patients experiencing diarrhea, the duration of diarrhea was shorter with probiotic treatm.. | ||
Nov 25 2021 |
et al., International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology, doi:10.1177/20587384211059677 | Oral booster probiotic bifidobacteria in SARS-COV-2 patients |
| Small retrospective 44 hospitalized patients in Turkey, showing improved outcomes with probiotic bifidobacterium, however minimal group details are provided (for example, the age of the control patients is unknown), and no adjustments wer.. | ||
Oct 25 2021 |
et al., International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, doi:10.3390/ijerph19031172 (date from preprint) | Effect of a Nutritional Support System to Increase Survival and Reduce Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 in Stage III and Comorbidities: A Blinded Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial |
| 86% lower mortality (p=0.03) and 57% lower ventilation (p=0.31). 80 patient RCT with 40 patients treated with a comprehensive regimen of nutritional support, showing significantly lower mortality with treatment. Treatment contained cholecalciferol, vitamin C, zinc, spirulina maxima, folic acid, glutami.. | ||
Oct 13 2021 |
et al., Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins, doi:10.1007/s12602-021-09858-5 | Efficacy of a Probiotic Consisting of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus PDV 1705, Bifidobacterium bifidum PDV 0903, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis PDV 1911, and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum PDV 2301 in the Treatment of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: a Randomized Controlled Trial |
| 2% higher mortality (p=1), 18% lower ventilation (p=1), 27% lower ICU admission (p=0.77), and 5% faster recovery (p=0.47). RCT 200 patients, 99 treated with a probiotic (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus PDV 1705, Bifidobacterium bifidum PDV 0903, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis PDV 1911, and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum PDV 2301). There was no sign.. | ||
Aug 30 2021 |
et al., Medicines, doi:10.3390/medicines8090047 | A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Efficacy of Systemic Enzymes and Probiotics in the Resolution of Post-COVID Fatigue |
| 89% improved recovery (p<0.0001). RCT 200 long-COVID patients in India, 100 treated with ImmunoSEB and ProbioSEB CSC3, showing improved recovery of post-COVID-19 fatigue with treatment. CTRI/2021/05/033576. | ||
Aug 23 2021 |
et al., Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu13082898 | Oxygen Sparing Effect of Bacteriotherapy in COVID-19 |
| 82% lower ICU admission (p=0.15). Prospective analysis of 69 severe COVID-19 patients requiring non-invasive oxygen therapy, 40 treated with probiotic formulation SLAB51, showing lower oxygen requirements and higher blood levels of pO2, O2Hb and SaO2 with treatment. Autho.. | ||
Aug 4 2021 |
et al., Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology, doi:10.1177/17562848211035670 | Probiotics use is associated with improved clinical outcomes among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 |
| 14% shorter hospitalization (p=0.009), 14% faster recovery (p=0.02), and 17% faster viral clearance (p=0.001). Retrospective 375 patients in China, 179 treated with probiotics (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus), showing improved clinical outcomes with treatment. | ||
Jun 30 2021 |
et al., Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 15:2 | Probiotics Intake as Adjunct Therapy for Infected Health-Care with SARS COV-2 |
| 29% faster viral clearance (p=0.22). Small case control analysis with 15 probiotics patients and 15 contol patients, showing no significant differences. PCR tests were only done weekly. Dosage is unknown. 115/LOE/301.4.2/IX/2020. | ||
Jun 24 2021 |
et al., Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., doi:10.3389/fbioe.2021.646184 | Oropharyngeal Probiotic ENT-K12 Prevents Respiratory Tract Infections Among Frontline Medical Staff Fighting Against COVID-19: A Pilot Study |
| Prophylaxis RCT in China with 98 healthcare workers in close contact with COVID-19 patients treated with Bactoblis oropharyngeal probiotic containing S. thermophilus ENT-K12, and 95 control patients, showing lower incidence of respiratory.. | ||
Jun 7 2021 |
et al., British Journal of Nutrition, doi:10.1017/S0007114521001926 | Beyond probiotic legend: ESSAP gut microbiota health score to delineate SARS-COV-2 infection severity |
| Analysis of 200 mild and moderate COVID-19 outpatients showing an association between higher ESSAP scores (measuring exercise, sugar and prebiotic consumption, sleep, and antibiotic use) and milder COVID-19 disease. Authors find increased.. | ||
Jun 1 2021 |
et al., Therapeutic Archive, doi:10.26442/00403660.2021.04.200835 | Efficiency of application of sorbed probiotics in complex therapy of pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 |
| RCT 100 pneumonia patients in Russia, showing faster symptom resolution with probiotic treatment (B. bifidum 1). | ||
May 31 2021 |
et al., Open Journal of Nursing, doi:10.4236/ojn.2021.115025 | Synbiotic for Prevention of SARS-Cov2 Infection in High Risk Hospital Staffs: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
| 73% fewer symptomatic cases (p=0.35) and 85% fewer cases (p=0.24). Small RCT 60 healthcare workers in Iran, showing lower cases with treatment but without statistical significance. Once daily oral synbiotic capsule (Lactocare®) containing 1 billion CFU L. (Lactobacillus) casei, L. rhamnosus, Streptococcu.. | ||
May 24 2021 |
et al., Gut Microbes, doi:10.1080/19490976.2021.2018899 (date from preprint) | Probiotic improves symptomatic and viral clearance in Covid19 outpatients: a randomized, quadruple-blinded, placebo-controlled trial |
| 35% improved recovery (p<0.0001). RCT 293 outpatients in Mexico, 147 treated with a probiotic composed of three L. plantarum strains (KABP022, KABP023 and KABP033) and one P. acidilacti strain (KABP021), showing improved recovery with treatment. There were no hospitalizat.. | ||
Apr 7 2021 |
, F., Minerva Medica, doi:10.23736/S0026-4806.20.06570-2 | A possible probiotic (S. salivarius K12) approach to improve oral and lung microbiotas and raise defenses against SARS-CoV-2 |
| Review of the potential use of S. salivarius K12 for COVID-19. Author notes that strain K12 of streptococcus salivarius may reduce occurrence of viral upper respiratory tract infections, possibly due to its ability to stimulate IFN-γ rele.. | ||
Mar 30 2021 |
et al., Thorax, doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217487 | Risk factors for developing COVID-19: a population-based longitudinal study (COVIDENCE UK) |
| 30% fewer cases (p=0.11). Prospective survey-based study with 15,227 people in the UK, showing lower risk of COVID-19 cases with vitamin A, vitamin D, zinc, selenium, probiotics, and inhaled corticosteroids; and higher risk with metformin and vitamin C. Statistica.. | ||
Mar 29 2021 |
et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.03.26.21254422 | Targeting the Microbiome With KB109 in Outpatients with Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Reduced Medically Attended Acute Care Visits and Improved Symptom Duration in Patients With Comorbidities |
| 50% fewer combined hospitalization/ER visits (p=0.13) and 20% faster recovery (p=0.1). RCT 350 COVID+ outpatients in the USA, 174 treated with prebiotic KB109 (a microbiome metabolic therapy candidate), showing lower combined hospitalization, ER, and urgent care visits with treatment. NCT04414124. | ||
Mar 19 2021 |
et al., Archives of Medical Research, doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.03.002 | Probiotics in Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19: Current Perspective and Future Prospects |
| Review of probiotics role in regulating the immune system and use in viral infections, and studies on the association of microbiota with COVID-19 patients. Authors suggest that probiotics supplementation could reduce COVID-19 morbidity an.. | ||
Mar 12 2021 |
et al., Minerva Medica, doi:10.23736/S0026-4806.21.07487-5 | The administration of S. salivarius K12 to children may reduce the rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection |
| 98% fewer cases (p<0.0001). Interim report on an RCT for prophylactic treatment with S. salivarius K12, showing significantly lower cases with treatment. Only patients with symptoms or known positive contacts were tested. Trial identification/registration details ar.. | ||
Mar 5 2021 |
et al., International Immunopharmacology, doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107531 | The role of probiotics in coronavirus disease-19 infection in Wuhan: A retrospective study of 311 severe patients |
| 12% lower hospital discharge (p=0.68) and 35% slower viral clearance (p=0.001). Retrospective 311 severe condition hospitalized patients in China, 123 treated with probiotics, showing slower viral clearance and recovery with treatment. Authors note that probiotics were able to moderate immunity and decrease the incid.. | ||
Feb 13 2021 |
et al., Nutrition Research, doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2020.12.014 | Probiotics: A potential immunomodulator in COVID-19 infection management |
| Review of studies supporting the use of probiotics for respiratory infections and identification of microbial strains potentially beneficial for COVID-19. | ||
Feb 2 2021 |
et al., Advances in Clinical Toxicology, doi:10.23880/act-16000204 | Potential of the Combination of a Systemic Enzyme Complex and Probiotics administration to Combat COVID-19: A Randomized Open Label Prospective Analysis |
| 11% faster recovery (p=0.19) and 11% shorter hospitalization (p=0.18). Small RCT 60 patients in India, 30 treated with ImmunoSEB and ProbioSEB CSC3, showing faster recovery with treatment. CTRI/2020/09/027685, CTRI/2020/08/027168. | ||
Jan 11 2021 |
et al., Frontiers in Medicine, doi:10.3389/fnut.2020.613928 | Oral Bacteriotherapy in Patients With COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study |
| 64% lower mortality (p=0.003) and 15% lower ICU admission (p=0.6). Retrospective 200 severe condition hospitalized patients in Italy, 88 treated with probiotic Sivomixx, showing lower mortality with treatment. | ||
Dec 15 2020 |
et al., Frontiers in Nutrition, doi:10.3389/fnut.2020.614986 | Probiotics as a Weapon in the Fight Against COVID-19 |
| Review of the potential benefits of probiotics for COVID-19. | ||
Nov 30 2020 |
et al., BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health, doi:10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000250 (date from preprint) | Modest effects of dietary supplements during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from 445 850 users of the COVID-19 Symptom Study app |
| 8% fewer cases (p=0.03). Survey analysis of dietary supplements showing probiotic usage associated with lower incidence of COVID-19. These results are for PCR+ cases only, they do not reflect potential benefits for reducing the severity of cases. A number of bias.. | ||
Oct 5 2020 |
et al., npj Science of Food, doi:10.1038/s41538-020-00078-9 | The potential application of probiotics and prebiotics for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 |
| Review of the immune benefits of probiotics and clinical studies for the preventation and treatment of respiratory infections, recommending trials of probiotics for COVID-19. | ||
Jul 7 2020 |
et al., Frontiers in Medicine, doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.00389 | Challenges in the Management of SARS-CoV2 Infection: The Role of Oral Bacteriotherapy as Complementary Therapeutic Strategy to Avoid the Progression of COVID-19 |
| 87% lower mortality (p=0.14) and 88% lower progression (p=0.01). Retrospective 70 hospitalized patients in Italy, 28 treated with probiotic Sivomixx, showing lower risk of respiratory failure and faster recovery with treatment. | ||
May 8 2020 |
et al., Frontiers in Public Health, doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00186 | Using Probiotics to Flatten the Curve of Coronavirus Disease COVID-2019 Pandemic |
| Review of data supporting the use of probiotics for COVID-19 and mechanisms of action. | ||
Jul 31 2019 |
et al., Nutrition, doi:10.1016/j.nut.2019.02.005 | Supplementation with Bifidobacterium longum Bar33 and Lactobacillus helveticus Bar13 mixture improves immunity in elderly humans (over 75 years) and aged mice |
| RCT 98 adults, showing that probiotics improved immune function including increased natural killer (NK) cell activity. [Graydon] showed that a lower frequency of natural killer cells was associated with symptomatic COVID-19 infection. | ||
Feb 3 2015 |
et al., Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006895.pub3 | Probiotics for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections |
| Meta analysis of 12 RCTs with 3,720 patients showing probiotics reduced acute upper respiratory tract infections. | ||
References
Li et al., Large-scale genetic correlation studies explore the causal relationship and potential mechanism between gut microbiota and COVID-19-associated risks, BMC Microbiology, doi:10.1186/s12866-024-03423-0.
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments.
c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from
thousands of papers. Community updates
help ensure high accuracy.
Treatments and other interventions are complementary.
All practical, effective, and safe
means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis.
No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current
and future variants.
We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication,
consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details
of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. IMA and WCH
provide treatment protocols.
Thanks for your feedback! Please search before submitting papers and note
that studies are listed under the date they were first available, which may be
the date of an earlier preprint.