Efficacy of a Multistrain Synbiotic Treatment in Acute and Post-Acute COVID-19 Patients: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 7, 19]], 'date-time': '2024-07-19T00:22:53Z', 'timestamp': 1721348573092}, 'reference-count': 41, 'publisher': 'MDPI AG', 'issue': '7', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 7, 16]], 'date-time': '2024-07-16T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1721088000000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/'}], 'funder': [ { 'name': 'Ricerca Corrente Program of the Italian Ministry of Health to the National ' 'Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS', 'award': ['line 1 on emerging and re-emerging infections.']}], 'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'abstract': '<jats:p>Background and Aims: Several studies reported the effect of COVID-19 on inducing gut ' 'dysbiosis, which is also correlated with disease severity. This study aims to investigate the ' 'effect of a nutraceutical formula on the shift of microbiota profiles and, secondly, on the ' 'clinical–pathological parameters of acute and post-acute COVID-19 patients. Methods: In this ' 'randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at National Institute for ' 'Infectious diseases (INMI) Lazzaro Spallanzani (Italy), 52 patients were randomly assigned ' '(1:1) to receive a multistrain synbiotic formula (Kebirah®) or placebo orally for 35 days at ' 'COVID-19 diagnosis. Health professionals, investigators, and patients were masked to group ' 'assignments. The V3–V4 hypervariable region of 16S rRNA gene sequencing was employed to study ' 'the gut microbiota composition in the two groups. Results: Supplementation with Kebirah® ' 'prevented the decrease in the Shannon diversity index of gut microbiota, which was instead ' 'observed in patients receiving the placebo. In addition, decreases in lymphocyte count and ' 'haemoglobin levels were observed only in the placebo group and not in the treated group, ' 'which was also characterised by an amelioration of the gut microbial profile, with an ' 'enrichment in beneficial bacteria and a preservation of species diversity. Conclusions: Our ' 'data suggest that modulating the gut microbiota in acute disease through administration of a ' 'specific symbiotic formula could be a useful strategy in the frame of SARS-CoV-2 ' 'infections.</jats:p>', 'DOI': '10.3390/microorganisms12071443', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2024, 7, 17]], 'date-time': '2024-07-17T12:48:29Z', 'timestamp': 1721220509000}, 'page': '1443', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Efficacy of a Multistrain Synbiotic Treatment in Acute and Post-Acute COVID-19 Patients: A ' 'Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial', 'prefix': '10.3390', 'volume': '12', 'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2481-6621', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Maria Letizia', 'family': 'Giancola', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'National Institute for Infectious Diseases, INMI “Lazzaro ' 'Spallanzani”, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6660-5315', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Andrea', 'family': 'Fontana', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Biostatistic Unit, Fondazione-IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della ' 'Sofferenza” Hospital, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy'}]}, { 'given': 'Concetta', 'family': 'Panebianco', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione-IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della ' 'Sofferenza” Hospital, Opera di San Pio da Pietrelcina, 71013 San ' 'Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6285-4368', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Antonio', 'family': 'Mazzarelli', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'National Institute for Infectious Diseases, INMI “Lazzaro ' 'Spallanzani”, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy'}]}, { 'given': 'Alessia', 'family': 'Beccacece', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'National Institute for Infectious Diseases, INMI “Lazzaro ' 'Spallanzani”, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy'}]}, { 'given': 'Patrizia', 'family': 'De Marco', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'National Institute for Infectious Diseases, INMI “Lazzaro ' 'Spallanzani”, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy'}]}, { 'given': 'Giovanna', 'family': 'Cocomazzi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione-IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della ' 'Sofferenza” Hospital, Opera di San Pio da Pietrelcina, 71013 San ' 'Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy'}]}, { 'given': 'Chiara', 'family': 'De Giuli', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'National Institute for Infectious Diseases, INMI “Lazzaro ' 'Spallanzani”, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy'}]}, { 'given': 'Germana', 'family': 'Grassi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'National Institute for Infectious Diseases, INMI “Lazzaro ' 'Spallanzani”, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2198-1947', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Carla', 'family': 'Fontana', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'National Institute for Infectious Diseases, INMI “Lazzaro ' 'Spallanzani”, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5061-8007', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Giorgio Maria', 'family': 'Baldini', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'AO Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, Università Aldo Moro di ' 'Bari, 70121 Bari, BA, Italy'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0009-0001-7774-365X', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Viviana', 'family': 'Contu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Integrative Medicine Unit, Humanitas Gradenigo, Corso Regina ' 'Margherita 8/10, 10153 Torino, TO, Italy'}]}, { 'given': 'Massimiliano', 'family': 'Copetti', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Biostatistic Unit, Fondazione-IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della ' 'Sofferenza” Hospital, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8314-8016', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Francesco', 'family': 'Perri', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione-IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della ' 'Sofferenza” Hospital, Opera di San Pio da Pietrelcina, 71013 San ' 'Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5606-8712', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Emanuele', 'family': 'Nicastri', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'National Institute for Infectious Diseases, INMI “Lazzaro ' 'Spallanzani”, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3492-1153', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Valerio', 'family': 'Pazienza', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione-IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della ' 'Sofferenza” Hospital, Opera di San Pio da Pietrelcina, 71013 San ' 'Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy'}]}], 'member': '1968', 'published-online': 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