Outcomes in COVID-19 nitazoxanide studies
0
0.5
1
1.5+
All studies 33% 13
3,606
Improvement, Studies, Patients Relative Risk Mortality 42% 6
1,877
Ventilation 82% 3
588
ICU admission 28% 3
841
Hospitalization 61% 6
1,864
Progression -120% 2
981
Recovery 1% 5
1,309
Cases 17% 1
505
Viral clearance 38% 7
865
RCTs 8% 10
2,955
RCT mortality 28% 4
1,339
Peer-reviewed 54% 10
2,608
Prophylaxis 66% 1
505
Early 29% 8
2,545
Late 12% 4
556
Nitazoxanide for COVID-19 c19 early.org/n Feb 2023Favors nitazoxanide Favors control after exclusions
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Rocco (RCT) -404%
5.04 [0.24-104]
ICU
2/194
0/198
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Cadegiani 88%
0.12 [0.01-2.52]
death
0/357
2/137
Elalfy 87%
0.13 [0.06-0.27]
viral+
7/62
44/51
CT2
Silva (SB RCT) 26%
0.74 [0.38-1.41]
viral+
23 (n)
13 (n)
ANTICOV
ANTICOV (RCT) -188%
2.88 [1.05-7.85]
progression
15/462
5/443
OT1 CT2
Rossignol (DB RCT) -206%
3.06 [0.13-74.6]
death
1/184
0/195
Medhat (RCT) 56%
0.44 [0.22-0.88]
viral+
77 (n)
73 (n)
Chandiwana (RCT) -13%
1.13 [0.23-5.46]
progression
37 (n)
39 (n)
CT2
Tau2 = 1.04, I2 = 78.3%, p = 0.46
Early treatment 29%
0.71 [0.29-1.73]
25/1,396
51/1,149
29% improvement Blum (DB RCT) 67%
0.33 [0.07-1.50]
death
2/25
6/25
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Calderón 68%
0.32 [0.04-2.49]
death
1/17
5/27
OT1
Fowotade (RCT) -11%
1.11 [0.61-2.03]
no recov.
31 (n)
26 (n)
CT2
Rocco (DB RCT) -5%
1.05 [0.30-3.50]
death
6/202
5/203
Tau2 = 0.03, I2 = 7.9%, p = 0.65
Late treatment 12%
0.88 [0.52-1.50]
9/275
16/281
12% improvement COVER
Sokhela (RCT) 66%
0.34 [0.01-8.41]
death
0/240
1/265
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.52
Prophylaxis 66%
0.34 [0.01-8.41]
0/240
1/265
66% improvement All studies 33%
0.67 [0.37-1.22]
34/1,911
68/1,695
33% improvement 13 nitazoxanide COVID-19 studies c19 early.org/n Feb 2023Tau2 = 0.66, I2 = 69.4%, p = 0.19
Effect extraction pre-specified (most serious outcome) 1 OT: comparison with other treatment 2 CT: study uses combined treatment Favors nitazoxanide
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Rocco (RCT) -404%
5.04 [0.24-104]
ICU
2/194
0/198
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Cadegiani 88%
0.12 [0.01-2.52]
death
0/357
2/137
Elalfy 87%
0.13 [0.06-0.27]
viral+
7/62
44/51
CT2
Silva (SB RCT) 26%
0.74 [0.38-1.41]
viral+
23 (n)
13 (n)
Rossignol (DB RCT) -206%
3.06 [0.13-74.6]
death
1/184
0/195
Medhat (RCT) 56%
0.44 [0.22-0.88]
viral+
77 (n)
73 (n)
Chandiwana (RCT) -13%
1.13 [0.23-5.46]
progression
37 (n)
39 (n)
CT2
Tau2 = 0.67, I2 = 69.3%, p = 0.12
Early treatment 49%
0.51 [0.22-1.18]
10/934
46/706
49% improvement Blum (DB RCT) 67%
0.33 [0.07-1.50]
death
2/25
6/25
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Calderón 68%
0.32 [0.04-2.49]
death
1/17
5/27
OT1
Fowotade (RCT) -11%
1.11 [0.61-2.03]
no recov.
31 (n)
26 (n)
CT2
Rocco (DB RCT) -5%
1.05 [0.30-3.50]
death
6/202
5/203
Tau2 = 0.03, I2 = 7.9%, p = 0.65
Late treatment 12%
0.88 [0.52-1.50]
9/275
16/281
12% improvement COVER
Sokhela (RCT) 66%
0.34 [0.01-8.41]
death
0/240
1/265
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.52
Prophylaxis 66%
0.34 [0.01-8.41]
0/240
1/265
66% improvement All studies 44%
0.56 [0.32-1.01]
19/1,449
63/1,252
44% improvement 12 nitazoxanide COVID-19 studies after exclusions c19 early.org/n Feb 2023Tau2 = 0.50, I2 = 63.0%, p = 0.052
Effect extraction pre-specified (most serious outcome) 1 OT: comparison with other treatment 2 CT: study uses combined treatment Favors nitazoxanide
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Cadegiani 88%
0.12 [0.01-2.52]
0/357
2/137
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Rossignol (DB RCT) -206%
3.06 [0.13-74.6]
1/184
0/195
Tau2 = 2.67, I2 = 51.4%, p = 0.75
Early treatment 41%
0.59 [0.02-13.8]
1/541
2/332
41% improvement Blum (DB RCT) 67%
0.33 [0.07-1.50]
2/25
6/25
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Calderón 68%
0.32 [0.04-2.49]
1/17
5/27
OT1
Rocco (DB RCT) -5%
1.05 [0.30-3.50]
6/202
5/203
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.23
Late treatment 40%
0.60 [0.26-1.39]
9/244
16/255
40% improvement COVER
Sokhela (RCT) 66%
0.34 [0.01-8.41]
0/240
1/265
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.52
Prophylaxis 66%
0.34 [0.01-8.41]
0/240
1/265
66% improvement All studies 42%
0.58 [0.27-1.24]
10/1,025
19/852
42% improvement 6 nitazoxanide COVID-19 mortality results c19 early.org/n Feb 2023Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.16
1 OT: comparison with other treatment Favors nitazoxanide
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Cadegiani 97%
0.03 [0.00-0.51]
0/357
9/137
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.015
Early treatment 97%
0.03 [0.00-0.51]
0/357
9/137
97% improvement Blum (DB RCT) 62%
0.38 [0.11-1.25]
3/25
8/25
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Calderón 87%
0.13 [0.01-2.33]
0/17
4/27
OT1
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.044
Late treatment 68%
0.32 [0.11-0.97]
3/42
12/52
68% improvement All studies 82%
0.18 [0.04-0.76]
3/399
21/189
82% improvement 3 nitazoxanide COVID-19 mechanical ventilation results c19 early.org/n Feb 2023Tau2 = 0.50, I2 = 27.5%, p = 0.019
1 OT: comparison with other treatment Favors nitazoxanide
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Rocco (RCT) -404%
5.04 [0.24-104]
2/194
0/198
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.3
Early treatment -404%
5.04 [0.24-104]
2/194
0/198
-404% improvement Calderón 59%
0.41 [0.25-0.59]
0/17
16/27
OT1
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Rocco (DB RCT) 31%
0.69 [0.40-1.17]
20/202
30/203
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.15
Late treatment 32%
0.68 [0.40-1.15]
20/219
46/230
32% improvement All studies 28%
0.72 [0.43-1.21]
22/413
46/428
28% improvement 3 nitazoxanide COVID-19 ICU results c19 early.org/n Feb 2023Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.22
1 OT: comparison with other treatment Favors nitazoxanide
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Rocco (RCT) -2%
1.02 [0.30-3.47]
hosp.
5/194
5/198
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Cadegiani 99%
0.01 [0.00-0.17]
hosp.
0/357
27/137
Rossignol (DB RCT) 79%
0.21 [0.02-1.80]
hosp.
1/184
5/195
Tau2 = 3.68, I2 = 78.4%, p = 0.16
Early treatment 83%
0.17 [0.01-2.00]
6/735
37/530
83% improvement Blum (DB RCT) 56%
0.44 [0.22-0.89]
hosp. time
25 (n)
25 (n)
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Calderón 52%
0.48 [0.29-0.82]
hosp. time
17 (n)
27 (n)
OT1
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.0004
Late treatment 53%
0.47 [0.31-0.71]
0/42
0/52
53% improvement COVER
Sokhela (RCT) 79%
0.21 [0.01-4.31]
hosp.
0/240
2/265
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.31
Prophylaxis 79%
0.21 [0.01-4.31]
0/240
2/265
79% improvement All studies 61%
0.39 [0.20-0.78]
6/1,017
39/847
61% improvement 6 nitazoxanide COVID-19 hospitalization results c19 early.org/n Feb 2023Tau2 = 0.29, I2 = 47.9%, p = 0.0078
1 OT: comparison with other treatment Favors nitazoxanide
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Rocco (RCT) -404%
5.04 [0.24-104]
ICU
2/194
0/198
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Cadegiani 88%
0.12 [0.01-2.52]
death
0/357
2/137
ANTICOV
ANTICOV (RCT) -188%
2.88 [1.05-7.85]
progression
15/462
5/443
OT1 CT2
Rossignol (DB RCT) -206%
3.06 [0.13-74.6]
death
1/184
0/195
Chandiwana (RCT) -13%
1.13 [0.23-5.46]
progression
37 (n)
39 (n)
CT2
Tau2 = 0.18, I2 = 15.0%, p = 0.2
Early treatment -82%
1.82 [0.73-4.53]
18/1,234
7/1,012
-82% improvement Blum (DB RCT) 67%
0.33 [0.07-1.50]
death
2/25
6/25
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Calderón 68%
0.32 [0.04-2.49]
death
1/17
5/27
OT1
Rocco (DB RCT) -5%
1.05 [0.30-3.50]
death
6/202
5/203
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.23
Late treatment 40%
0.60 [0.26-1.39]
9/244
16/255
40% improvement COVER
Sokhela (RCT) 66%
0.34 [0.01-8.41]
death
0/240
1/265
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.52
Prophylaxis 66%
0.34 [0.01-8.41]
0/240
1/265
66% improvement All studies 2%
0.98 [0.47-2.01]
27/1,718
24/1,532
2% improvement 9 nitazoxanide COVID-19 serious outcomes c19 early.org/n Feb 2023Tau2 = 0.33, I2 = 28.9%, p = 0.95
Effect extraction pre-specified (most serious outcome) 1 OT: comparison with other treatment 2 CT: study uses combined treatment Favors nitazoxanide
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Rocco (RCT) -16%
1.16 [0.84-1.59]
no recov.
59/194
52/198
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Rossignol (DB RCT) -7%
1.07 [0.46-2.49]
recov. time
184 (n)
195 (n)
Chandiwana (RCT) -23%
1.23 [0.73-2.08]
recov. time
37 (n)
39 (n)
CT1
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.23
Early treatment -17%
1.17 [0.91-1.51]
59/415
52/432
-17% improvement Fowotade (RCT) -11%
1.11 [0.61-2.03]
no recov.
31 (n)
26 (n)
CT1
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Rocco (DB RCT) 27%
0.73 [0.58-0.90]
no disch.
202 (n)
203 (n)
Tau2 = 0.04, I2 = 45.6%, p = 0.33
Late treatment 17%
0.83 [0.57-1.21]
0/233
0/229
17% improvement All studies 1%
0.99 [0.76-1.30]
59/648
52/661
1% improvement 5 nitazoxanide COVID-19 recovery results c19 early.org/n Feb 2023Tau2 = 0.04, I2 = 51.6%, p = 0.95
1 CT: study uses combined treatment Favors nitazoxanide
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
COVER
Sokhela (RCT) 17%
0.83 [0.50-1.40]
symp. case
23/240
37/265
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.47
Prophylaxis 17%
0.83 [0.50-1.40]
23/240
37/265
17% improvement All studies 17%
0.83 [0.51-1.36]
23/240
37/265
17% improvement 1 nitazoxanide COVID-19 case result c19 early.org/n Feb 2023Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.47
Favors nitazoxanide
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Rocco (RCT) 12%
0.88 [0.80-0.96]
viral+
194 (n)
198 (n)
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Elalfy 87%
0.13 [0.06-0.27]
viral+
7/62
44/51
CT1
Silva (SB RCT) 26%
0.74 [0.38-1.41]
viral+
23 (n)
13 (n)
Medhat (RCT) 56%
0.44 [0.22-0.88]
viral+
77 (n)
73 (n)
Chandiwana (RCT) -67%
1.67 [0.85-3.23]
viral+
27/37
25/38
CT1
Tau2 = 0.37, I2 = 91.9%, p = 0.11
Early treatment 38%
0.62 [0.35-1.11]
34/393
69/373
38% improvement Blum (DB RCT) 90%
0.10 [0.01-1.78]
viral+
0/23
4/19
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Fowotade (RCT) 5%
0.95 [0.34-2.64]
viral load
31 (n)
26 (n)
CT1
Tau2 = 1.31, I2 = 52.6%, p = 0.48
Late treatment 53%
0.47 [0.06-3.59]
0/54
4/45
53% improvement All studies 38%
0.62 [0.37-1.05]
34/447
73/418
38% improvement 7 nitazoxanide COVID-19 viral clearance results c19 early.org/n Feb 2023Tau2 = 0.35, I2 = 88.3%, p = 0.076
1 CT: study uses combined treatment Favors nitazoxanide
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Rocco (RCT) -404%
5.04 [0.24-104]
ICU
2/194
0/198
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Silva (SB RCT) 26%
0.74 [0.38-1.41]
viral+
23 (n)
13 (n)
ANTICOV
ANTICOV (RCT) -188%
2.88 [1.05-7.85]
progression
15/462
5/443
OT1 CT2
Rossignol (DB RCT) -206%
3.06 [0.13-74.6]
death
1/184
0/195
Medhat (RCT) 56%
0.44 [0.22-0.88]
viral+
77 (n)
73 (n)
Chandiwana (RCT) -13%
1.13 [0.23-5.46]
progression
37 (n)
39 (n)
CT2
Tau2 = 0.39, I2 = 56.0%, p = 0.87
Early treatment -7%
1.07 [0.51-2.23]
18/977
5/961
-7% improvement Blum (DB RCT) 67%
0.33 [0.07-1.50]
death
2/25
6/25
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Fowotade (RCT) -11%
1.11 [0.61-2.03]
no recov.
31 (n)
26 (n)
CT2
Rocco (DB RCT) -5%
1.05 [0.30-3.50]
death
6/202
5/203
Tau2 = 0.03, I2 = 8.5%, p = 0.86
Late treatment 5%
0.95 [0.55-1.63]
8/258
11/254
5% improvement COVER
Sokhela (RCT) 66%
0.34 [0.01-8.41]
death
0/240
1/265
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.52
Prophylaxis 66%
0.34 [0.01-8.41]
0/240
1/265
66% improvement All studies 8%
0.92 [0.59-1.43]
26/1,475
17/1,480
8% improvement 10 nitazoxanide COVID-19 Randomized Controlled Trials c19 early.org/n Feb 2023Tau2 = 0.16, I2 = 36.1%, p = 0.72
Effect extraction pre-specified (most serious outcome) 1 OT: comparison with other treatment 2 CT: study uses combined treatment Favors nitazoxanide
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Rossignol (DB RCT) -206%
3.06 [0.13-74.6]
1/184
0/195
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.5
Early treatment -206%
3.06 [0.13-74.6]
1/184
0/195
-206% improvement Blum (DB RCT) 67%
0.33 [0.07-1.50]
2/25
6/25
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Rocco (DB RCT) -5%
1.05 [0.30-3.50]
6/202
5/203
Tau2 = 0.19, I2 = 28.2%, p = 0.46
Late treatment 35%
0.65 [0.22-1.98]
8/227
11/228
35% improvement COVER
Sokhela (RCT) 66%
0.34 [0.01-8.41]
0/240
1/265
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.52
Prophylaxis 66%
0.34 [0.01-8.41]
0/240
1/265
66% improvement All studies 28%
0.72 [0.31-1.70]
9/651
12/688
28% improvement 4 nitazoxanide COVID-19 RCT mortality results c19 early.org/n Feb 2023Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.46
Favors nitazoxanide
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Rocco (RCT) -404%
5.04 [0.24-104]
ICU
2/194
0/198
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Cadegiani 88%
0.12 [0.01-2.52]
death
0/357
2/137
Elalfy 87%
0.13 [0.06-0.27]
viral+
7/62
44/51
CT2
Rossignol (DB RCT) -206%
3.06 [0.13-74.6]
death
1/184
0/195
Medhat (RCT) 56%
0.44 [0.22-0.88]
viral+
77 (n)
73 (n)
Chandiwana (RCT) -13%
1.13 [0.23-5.46]
progression
37 (n)
39 (n)
CT2
Tau2 = 0.85, I2 = 66.6%, p = 0.16
Early treatment 52%
0.48 [0.17-1.34]
10/911
46/693
52% improvement Blum (DB RCT) 67%
0.33 [0.07-1.50]
death
2/25
6/25
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Calderón 68%
0.32 [0.04-2.49]
death
1/17
5/27
OT1
Rocco (DB RCT) -5%
1.05 [0.30-3.50]
death
6/202
5/203
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.23
Late treatment 40%
0.60 [0.26-1.39]
9/244
16/255
40% improvement COVER
Sokhela (RCT) 66%
0.34 [0.01-8.41]
death
0/240
1/265
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.52
Prophylaxis 66%
0.34 [0.01-8.41]
0/240
1/265
66% improvement All studies 54%
0.46 [0.23-0.93]
19/1,395
63/1,213
54% improvement 10 nitazoxanide COVID-19 peer reviewed studies c19 early.org/n Feb 2023Tau2 = 0.52, I2 = 51.7%, p = 0.03
Effect extraction pre-specified (most serious outcome) 1 OT: comparison with other treatment 2 CT: study uses combined treatment Favors nitazoxanide
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Rocco (RCT) -404%
5.04 [0.24-104]
ICU
2/194
0/198
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Rocco (RCT) -2%
1.02 [0.30-3.47]
hosp.
5/194
5/198
Rocco (RCT) -16%
1.16 [0.84-1.59]
no recov.
59/194
52/198
Rocco (RCT) 12%
0.88 [0.80-0.96]
viral+
194 (n)
198 (n)
Rocco (RCT) 14%
0.86 [0.77-0.96]
viral+
136/194
162/198
Cadegiani 88%
0.12 [0.01-2.52]
death
0/357
2/137
Cadegiani 97%
0.03 [0.00-0.51]
ventilation
0/357
9/137
Cadegiani 99%
0.01 [0.00-0.17]
hosp.
0/357
27/137
Elalfy 87%
0.13 [0.06-0.27]
viral+
7/62
44/51
CT2
Elalfy 58%
0.42 [0.31-0.56]
viral+
26/62
51/51
CT2
Silva (SB RCT) 26%
0.74 [0.38-1.41]
viral+
23 (n)
13 (n)
Silva (SB RCT) 38%
0.62 [0.36-1.05]
viral+
12/23
11/13
ANTICOV
ANTICOV (RCT) -188%
2.88 [1.05-7.85]
progression
15/462
5/443
OT1 CT2
Rossignol (DB RCT) -206%
3.06 [0.13-74.6]
death
1/184
0/195
Rossignol (DB RCT) 79%
0.21 [0.02-1.80]
hosp.
1/184
5/195
Rossignol (DB RCT) 85%
0.15 [0.02-1.22]
severe case
1/184
7/195
Rossignol (DB RCT) 84%
0.16 [0.02-1.29]
severe case
1/112
7/126
Rossignol (DB RCT) -7%
1.07 [0.46-2.49]
recov. time
184 (n)
195 (n)
Medhat (RCT) 56%
0.44 [0.22-0.88]
viral+
77 (n)
73 (n)
Chandiwana (RCT) -13%
1.13 [0.23-5.46]
progression
37 (n)
39 (n)
CT2
Chandiwana (RCT) -23%
1.23 [0.73-2.08]
recov. time
37 (n)
39 (n)
CT2
Chandiwana (RCT) -67%
1.67 [0.85-3.23]
viral+
27/37
25/38
CT2
Blum (DB RCT) 67%
0.33 [0.07-1.50]
death
2/25
6/25
Blum (DB RCT) 62%
0.38 [0.11-1.25]
ventilation
3/25
8/25
Blum (DB RCT) 56%
0.44 [0.22-0.89]
hosp. time
25 (n)
25 (n)
Blum (DB RCT) 90%
0.10 [0.01-1.78]
viral+
0/23
4/19
Calderón 68%
0.32 [0.04-2.49]
death
1/17
5/27
OT1
Calderón 87%
0.13 [0.01-2.33]
ventilation
0/17
4/27
OT1
Calderón 59%
0.41 [0.25-0.59]
ICU
0/17
16/27
OT1
Calderón 52%
0.48 [0.29-0.82]
hosp. time
17 (n)
27 (n)
OT1
Fowotade (RCT) -11%
1.11 [0.61-2.03]
no recov.
31 (n)
26 (n)
CT2
Fowotade (RCT) -87%
1.87 [0.88-3.98]
no recov.
31 (n)
26 (n)
CT2
Fowotade (RCT) 5%
0.95 [0.34-2.64]
viral load
31 (n)
26 (n)
CT2
Rocco (DB RCT) -5%
1.05 [0.30-3.50]
death
6/202
5/203
Rocco (DB RCT) 31%
0.69 [0.40-1.17]
ICU
20/202
30/203
Rocco (DB RCT) 40%
0.60 [0.35-1.02]
oxygen
22/202
33/203
Rocco (DB RCT) 64%
0.36 [0.29-0.45]
no improv.
202 (n)
203 (n)
Rocco (DB RCT) 34%
0.66 [0.38-1.15]
no improv.
202 (n)
203 (n)
Rocco (DB RCT) 27%
0.73 [0.58-0.90]
no disch.
202 (n)
203 (n)
Rocco (DB RCT) 8%
0.92 [0.55-1.52]
no disch.
202 (n)
203 (n)
COVER
Sokhela (RCT) 66%
0.34 [0.01-8.41]
death
0/240
1/265
COVER
Sokhela (RCT) 79%
0.21 [0.01-4.31]
hosp.
0/240
2/265
COVER
Sokhela (RCT) 17%
0.83 [0.50-1.40]
symp. case
23/240
37/265
COVER
Sokhela (RCT) -21%
1.21 [0.29-1.58]
cases
23/240
37/265
Nitazoxanide COVID-19 outcomes c19 early.org/n Feb 20231 OT: comparison with other treatment 2 CT: study uses combined treatment Favors nitazoxanide
Favors control
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