Control
Studies analyze sleep quality before infection, and use different definitions of sleep quality.
Nov 24 |
Improved sleep reduces COVID-19 risk: real-time meta analysis of 16 studies | |
| Significantly lower risk is seen for mortality, hospitalization, and cases. 13 studies from 13 independent teams in 6 countries show significant benefit. Meta analysis using the most serious outcome reported shows 31% [23‑39%] .. | ||
Oct 26 2024 |
et al., Journal of Clinical Medicine, doi:10.3390/jcm13216415 | Association of High-Risk Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Artificial Intelligence-Guided, CT-Based Severity Scores in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia |
| 67% lower severe cases (p=0.01). Retrospective 221 COVID-19 patients showing an association between high-risk obstructive sleep apnea and COVID-19 severity. | ||
Jul 5 2024 |
et al., eClinicalMedicine, doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102719 | Pre-existing sleep disturbances and risk of COVID-19: a meta-analysis |
| 31% lower mortality (p=0.0003), 20% lower hospitalization (p<0.0001), 11% fewer cases (p<0.0001), and 26% lower long COVID (p<0.0001). Meta analysis of 48 studies with 8,664,026 participants showing that pre-existing sleep disturbances significantly increased the risk of COVID-19 susceptibility, hospitalization, mortality, and long COVID. | ||
Jul 1 2024 |
et al., Occupational Medicine, doi:10.1093/occmed/kqae023.0340 | Night shift work, sleep disruption and risk of COVID-19 outcomes |
| Prospective study of 3,319 adults in Spain showing that sleep problems and night shift work were associated with a higher risk of long COVID. | ||
Jan 31 2024 |
et al., Nature Communications, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-50495-7 (date from preprint) | Modifiable lifestyle factors and the risk of post-COVID-19 multisystem sequelae, hospitalization, and death |
| 19% lower mortality (p=0.0008), 15% lower hospitalization (p<0.0001), and 23% lower long COVID (p<0.0001). Prospective study of 68,896 UK Biobank participants with COVID-19 showing adherence to a healthy lifestyle prior to infection, characterized by 10 factors including adequate physical activity and sleep, not smoking, and a healthy BMI, was.. | ||
Nov 9 2023 |
et al., Diseases, doi:10.3390/diseases11040165 | Association of COVID-19 Infection with Sociodemographic, Anthropometric and Lifestyle Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Older Adults’ Population Aged over 65 Years Old |
| 40% fewer cases (p=0.01). Retrospective 5,197 Greek adults over 65. After adjustment for confounders, COVID-19 infection was independently associated with poor sleep, low physical activity, low Mediterranean diet adherence, living in urban areas, smoking, obesity,.. | ||
Aug 14 2023 |
et al., Jornal de Pediatria, doi:10.1016/j.jped.2023.07.006 | Lifestyle and quality of life in children and adolescents during the covid-19 social distancing period |
| Cross-sectional analysis of 2,574 families in Brazil, showing that pandemic social distancing caused negative changes in exercise, diet, and sleep for children. | ||
Jul 15 2023 |
et al., Current Research in Immunology, doi:10.1016/j.crimmu.2023.100064 | High baseline frequencies of natural killer cells are associated with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection |
| Analysis of 88 COVID+ patients in the USA showing that a higher frequency of natural killer (NK) cells was associated with asymptomatic infection. Improved NK cell numbers and functioning has been shown for exercise [Oh], better sleep [Ir.. | ||
Jun 7 2023 |
et al., Journal of Pediatric Nursing, doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2023.06.003 | COVID-19 effects on diet, sleep, and physical activity among mid- to late-adolescents residing in the deep south in the United States |
| Prospective study tracking sleep, diet, and physical activity for adolescents in the USA before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, showing negative health effects of the pandemic / restrictions. | ||
May 30 2023 |
et al., JAMA Network Open, doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.15885 | Multidimensional Sleep Health Prior to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Risk of Post–COVID-19 Condition |
| 36% lower long COVID (p=0.0004). Retrospective 1,979 nurses in the USA, showing lower risk of long COVID with better sleep quality. | ||
Apr 12 2023 |
et al., Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, doi:10.1177/14034948231163960 | Poor health status before the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with unfavourable changes in health-related lifestyle |
| Analysis of 3,834 adults in Finland, showing that people with poor health status were more likely to have unfavorable lifestyle changes during the pandemic, including decreased vegetable consumption, decreased leisure-time physical activi.. | ||
Feb 6 2023 |
et al., JAMA Internal Medicine, doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.6555 | Adherence to Healthy Lifestyle Prior to Infection and Risk of Post–COVID-19 Condition |
| 17% lower long COVID (p=0.008). Prospective analysis of 32,249 women, showing lower risk of PASC with a healthy lifestyle, in a dose-dependent manner. Participants with 5 or 6 healthy lifestyle factors had significantly lower COVID-19 hospitalization and PASC. BMI and s.. | ||
Oct 24 2022 |
et al., Frontiers in Medicine, doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.1036556 | Lifestyle, course of COVID-19, and risk of Long-COVID in non-hospitalized patients |
| 17% fewer moderate/severe cases (p=0.06) and 7% lower long COVID (p=0.51). Retrospective 1,847 COVID+ patients in Poland, showing lower moderate/severe cases with improved sleep, without statistical significance. Hospitalized patients were excluded. | ||
Jul 21 2022 |
et al., Sleep Medicine, doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.369 | Public health impact of poor sleep on COVID-19, influenza and upper respiratory infections |
| 39% lower mortality (p=0.001), 32% lower hospitalization (p<0.0001), and 7% fewer cases (p=0.04). FinnGen Mendelian randomization study showing higher risk of COVID-19 mortality, hospitalization, and infection with insomnia. | ||
Apr 13 2022 |
et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2022.04.12.22273792 | Health behaviours the month prior to COVID-19 infection and the development of self-reported long COVID and specific long COVID symptoms: A longitudinal analysis of 1,811 UK adults |
| 67% lower long COVID (p<0.0001). Retrospective 1,811 COVID-19 patients in the UK, showing lower risk of self-reported long COVID with good sleep quality in the month before infection. | ||
Nov 30 2021 |
et al., Nature and Science of Sleep, doi:10.2147/NSS.S263488 | Reduced Sleep in the Week Prior to Diagnosis of COVID-19 is Associated with the Severity of COVID-19 |
| 81% lower severe cases (p=0.02). Retrospective 164 COVID-19 patients and 188 controls in China, showing the risk of severe cases associated with lack of sleep. | ||
Sep 30 2021 |
et al., Infection and Drug Resistance, doi:10.2147/IDR.S331470 | Lifestyle and Comorbidity-Related Risk Factors of Severe and Critical COVID-19 Infection: A Comparative Study Among Survived COVID-19 Patients in Bangladesh |
| 38% lower severe cases (p<0.0001). Retrospective 1,500 COVID+ patients in Bangladesh, showing lower risk of severe cases with good sleep. | ||
Aug 31 2021 |
et al., Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2021.04.022 | Lifestyle risk factors and infectious disease mortality, including COVID-19, among middle aged and older adults: Evidence from a community-based cohort study in the United Kingdom |
| 3% lower mortality (p=0.91). Retrospective 468,569 adults in the UK, showing no significant difference in COVID-19 mortality based on sleep quality. | ||
Jun 18 2021 |
et al., Sleep, doi:10.1093/sleep/zsab138 | Poor sleep behavior burden and risk of COVID-19 mortality and hospitalization |
| 43% lower mortality (p=0.02) and 36% lower hospitalization (p=0.008). UK Biobank retrospective, 46,535 participants with sleep behavior assessed between 2006 and 2010, showing higher risk of hospitalization and mortality with poor sleep. | ||
Jun 17 2021 |
et al., PLOS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0253120 | Predictors of incident viral symptoms ascertained in the era of COVID-19 |
| 16% fewer symptomatic cases (p=0.0007). Prospective survey based study with 14,335 participants, showing risk of viral symptoms associated with shorter sleep duration. | ||
May 14 2021 |
et al., EXCLI Journal, doi:10.17179/excli2021-3451 | Association of sleep quality before and after SARS-CoV-2 infection with clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in China |
| 19% lower severe cases (p=0.0009). Prospective study of 205 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in China, showing higher risk of severe cases with poor sleep quality. | ||
Mar 30 2021 |
et al., Thorax, doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217487 | Risk factors for developing COVID-19: a population-based longitudinal study (COVIDENCE UK) |
| 12% fewer cases (p=0.5). Prospective survey-based study with 15,227 people in the UK, showing reduced risk of COVID-19 cases with 8 hours sleep, with statistical significance when compared with ≥9 hours. | ||
Mar 22 2021 |
et al., BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health, doi:10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000228 | COVID-19 illness in relation to sleep and burnout |
| 17% fewer moderate/severe cases (p=0.03) and 11% fewer cases (p=0.003). Retrospective 2,884 high-risk healthcare workers in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK, and the USA, showing shorter sleep duration associated with increased risk of COVID-19 cases and severity. | ||
Dec 31 2020 |
et al., Sleep Medicine: X, doi:10.1016/j.sleepx.2020.100028 | Risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers: a retrospective study of a nosocomial outbreak |
| 66% fewer cases (p<0.0001). Retrospective 118 healthcare workers in China, showing higher risk of COVID-19 with poor sleep quality. | ||
Nov 30 2020 |
et al., World Allergy Organization Journal, doi:10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476 | Enhancing innate immunity against virus in times of COVID-19: Trying to untangle facts from fictions |
| Review of various interventions that may enhance innate immunity against respiratory viruses like SARS-CoV-2. The interventions are divided into lifestyle factors (exercise, forest walking, sleep, vitamins/supplements), non-specific immun.. | ||
Nov 5 2020 |
et al., PLOS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0241540 | The impact of individual lifestyle and status on the acquisition of COVID-19: A case—Control study |
| 36% fewer cases (p=0.04). Case control study in China with 105 cases and 210 matched controls, showing COVID-19 cases associated with lack of sleep. | ||
Oct 21 2020 |
et al., Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2020.10.009 | Running behavior and symptoms of respiratory tract infection during the COVID-19 pandemic |
| 32% fewer symptomatic cases (p=0.09). Analysis of 2,586 participants of a running injury prevention RCT in the Netherlands, showing higher risk of COVID-19 symptoms with sleep disturbance. | ||
Apr 30 1996 |
et al., The FASEB Journal, doi:10.1096/fasebj.10.5.8621064 | Partial night sleep deprivation reduces natural killer and celhdar immune responses in humans |
| Analysis of 42 volunteers showing that partial sleep deprivation reduces natural killer (NK) and cellular immune response. [Graydon] showed that a lower frequency of natural killer cells was associated with symptomatic COVID-19 infection. | ||