Studies analyze sleep quality before infection, and use different definitions of sleep quality.
Recent:Graydon Araujo Stavrinos.
Submit updates/corrections .
Sep 23 |
Sleep for COVID-19: real-time meta analysis of 13 studies | |
Statistically significant lower risk is seen for mortality, hospitalization, and cases. 10 studies from 10 independent teams in 4 countries show statistically significant improvements. • Meta analysis using the most serious outcome repo.. | ||
Aug 14 |
et al., Jornal de Pediatria, doi:10.1016/j.jped.2023.07.006 | Lifestyle and quality of life in children and adolescents during the covid-19 social distancing period |
Cross-sectional analysis of 2,574 families in Brazil, showing that pandemic social distancing caused negative changes in exercise, diet, and sleep for children. | ||
Jul 15 |
et al., Current Research in Immunology, doi:10.1016/j.crimmu.2023.100064 | High baseline frequencies of natural killer cells are associated with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection |
Analysis of 88 COVID+ patients in the USA showing that a higher frequency of natural killer (NK) cells was associated with asymptomatic infection. Improved NK cell numbers and functioning has been shown for exercise [Oh], better sleep [Ir.. | ||
Jun 7 |
et al., Journal of Pediatric Nursing, doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2023.06.003 | COVID-19 effects on diet, sleep, and physical activity among mid- to late-adolescents residing in the deep south in the United States |
Prospective study tracking sleep, diet, and physical activity for adolescents in the USA before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, showing negative health effects of the pandemic / restrictions. | ||
May 30 |
et al., JAMA Network Open, doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.15885 | Multidimensional Sleep Health Prior to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Risk of Post–COVID-19 Condition |
36% lower PASC (p=0.0004). Retrospective 1,979 nurses in the USA, showing lower risk of long COVID with better sleep quality. | ||
Apr 12 |
et al., Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, doi:10.1177/14034948231163960 | Poor health status before the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with unfavourable changes in health-related lifestyle |
Analysis of 3,834 adults in Finland, showing that people with poor health status were more likely to have unfavorable lifestyle changes during the pandemic, including decreased vegetable consumption, decreased leisure-time physical activi.. | ||
Feb 6 |
et al., JAMA Internal Medicine, doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.6555 | Adherence to Healthy Lifestyle Prior to Infection and Risk of Post–COVID-19 Condition |
17% lower PASC (p=0.008). Prospective analysis of 32,249 women, showing lower risk of PASC with a healthy lifestyle, in a dose-dependent manner. Participants with 5 or 6 healthy lifestyle factors had significantly lower COVID-19 hospitalization and PASC. BMI and s.. | ||
Oct 24 2022 |
et al., Frontiers in Medicine, doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.1036556 | Lifestyle, course of COVID-19, and risk of Long-COVID in non-hospitalized patients |
17% fewer moderate/severe cases (p=0.06) and 7% lower PASC (p=0.51). Retrospective 1,847 COVID+ patients in Poland, showing lower moderate/severe cases with improved sleep, without statistical significance. Hospitalized patients were excluded. | ||
Jul 21 2022 |
et al., Sleep Medicine, doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.369 | Public health impact of poor sleep on COVID-19, influenza and upper respiratory infections |
39% lower mortality (p=0.001), 32% lower hospitalization (p<0.0001), and 7% fewer cases (p=0.04). FinnGen Mendelian randomization study showing higher risk of COVID-19 mortality, hospitalization, and infection with insomnia. | ||
Apr 13 2022 |
et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2022.04.12.22273792 | Health behaviours the month prior to COVID-19 infection and the development of self-reported long COVID and specific long COVID symptoms: A longitudinal analysis of 1,811 UK adults |
67% lower PASC (p<0.0001). Retrospective 1,811 COVID-19 patients in the UK, showing lower risk of self-reported long COVID with good sleep quality in the month before infection. | ||
Mar 22 2021 |
et al., BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health, doi:10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000228 | COVID-19 illness in relation to sleep and burnout |
17% fewer moderate/severe cases (p=0.03) and 11% fewer cases (p=0.003). Retrospective 2,884 high-risk healthcare workers in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK, and the USA, showing shorter sleep duration associated with increased risk of COVID-19 cases and severity. | ||
Nov 30 2021 |
et al., Nature and Science of Sleep, doi:10.2147/NSS.S263488 | Reduced Sleep in the Week Prior to Diagnosis of COVID-19 is Associated with the Severity of COVID-19 |
81% lower severe cases (p=0.02). Retrospective 164 COVID-19 patients and 188 controls in China, showing the risk of severe cases associated with lack of sleep. | ||
Sep 30 2021 |
et al., Infection and Drug Resistance, doi:10.2147/IDR.S331470 | Lifestyle and Comorbidity-Related Risk Factors of Severe and Critical COVID-19 Infection: A Comparative Study Among Survived COVID-19 Patients in Bangladesh |
38% lower severe cases (p<0.0001). Retrospective 1,500 COVID+ patients in Bangladesh, showing lower risk of severe cases with good sleep. | ||
Aug 31 2021 |
et al., Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2021.04.022 | Lifestyle risk factors and infectious disease mortality, including COVID-19, among middle aged and older adults: Evidence from a community-based cohort study in the United Kingdom |
3% lower mortality (p=0.91). Retrospective 468,569 adults in the UK, showing no significant difference in COVID-19 mortality based on sleep quality. | ||
Jun 18 2021 |
et al., Sleep, doi:10.1093/sleep/zsab138 | Poor sleep behavior burden and risk of COVID-19 mortality and hospitalization |
43% lower mortality (p=0.02) and 36% lower hospitalization (p=0.008). UK Biobank retrospective, 46,535 participants with sleep behavior assessed between 2006 and 2010, showing higher risk of hospitalization and mortality with poor sleep. | ||
Jun 17 2021 |
et al., PLOS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0253120 | Predictors of incident viral symptoms ascertained in the era of COVID-19 |
16% fewer symptomatic cases (p=0.0007). Prospective survey based study with 14,335 participants, showing risk of viral symptoms associated with shorter sleep duration. | ||
May 14 2021 |
et al., EXCLI Journal; 20:Doc894; ISSN 1611-2156, doi:10.17179/excli2021-3451 | Association of sleep quality before and after SARS-CoV-2 infection with clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in China |
19% lower severe cases (p=0.0009). Prospective study of 205 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in China, showing higher risk of severe cases with poor sleep quality. | ||
Mar 30 2021 |
et al., Thorax, doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217487 | Risk factors for developing COVID-19: a population-based longitudinal study (COVIDENCE UK) |
12% fewer cases (p=0.5). Prospective survey-based study with 15,227 people in the UK, showing reduced risk of COVID-19 cases with 8 hours sleep, with statistical significance when compared with ≥9 hours. NCT04330599. COVIDENCE UK. | ||
Dec 31 2020 |
et al., Sleep Medicine: X, doi:10.1016/j.sleepx.2020.100028 | Risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers: a retrospective study of a nosocomial outbreak |
66% fewer cases (p<0.0001). Retrospective 118 healthcare workers in China, showing higher risk of COVID-19 with poor sleep quality. | ||
Nov 5 2020 |
et al., PLOS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0241540 | The impact of individual lifestyle and status on the acquisition of COVID-19: A case—Control study |
36% fewer cases (p=0.04). Case control study in China with 105 cases and 210 matched controls, showing COVID-19 cases associated with lack of sleep. | ||
Oct 21 2020 |
et al., Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2020.10.009 | Running behavior and symptoms of respiratory tract infection during the COVID-19 pandemic |
32% fewer symptomatic cases (p=0.09). Analysis of 2,586 participants of a running injury prevention RCT in the Netherlands, showing higher risk of COVID-19 symptoms with sleep disturbance. | ||
Apr 30 1996 |
et al., The FASEB Journal, doi:10.1096/fasebj.10.5.8621064 | Partial night sleep deprivation reduces natural killer and celhdar immune responses in humans |
Analysis of 42 volunteers showing that partial sleep deprivation reduces natural killer (NK) and cellular immune response. showed that a lower frequency of natural killer cells was associated with symptomatic COVID-19 infection. |
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. Vaccines and
treatments are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should
be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment, vaccine, or intervention
is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not
provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified
physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and
benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH
provide treatment protocols.
Thanks for your feedback! Please search before submitting papers and note
that studies are listed under the date they were first available, which may be
the date of an earlier preprint.