Summary of COVID-19 sleep studies

46,535 patient sleep study: 43% lower mortality (p=0.02) and 36% lower hospitalization (p=0.008).
UK Biobank retrospective, 46,535 participants with sleep behavior assessed between 2006 and 2010, showing higher risk of hospitalization and mortality with poor sleep.
Jun 2021, Sleep, https://academic.oup.com/sleep/article/doi/10.1093/sleep/zsab138/6304657, https://c19p.org/li13

2. Atceken et al., Association of High-Risk Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Artificial Intelligence-Guided, CT-Based Severity Scores in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia

221 patient sleep study: 67% lower severe cases (p=0.01).
Retrospective 221 COVID-19 patients showing an association between high-risk obstructive sleep apnea and COVID-19 severity.
Oct 2024, J. Clinical Medicine, https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/21/6415, https://c19p.org/atceken

3. Huang et al., Reduced Sleep in the Week Prior to Diagnosis of COVID-19 is Associated with the Severity of COVID-19

136 patient sleep study: 81% lower severe cases (p=0.02).
Retrospective 164 COVID-19 patients and 188 controls in China, showing the risk of severe cases associated with lack of sleep.
Nov 2021, Nature and Science of Sleep, https://www.dovepress.com/reduced-sleep-in-the-week-prior-to-diagnosis-of-covid-19-is-associated-peer-reviewed-article-NSS, https://c19p.org/huang5sl

4. Jones et al., Public health impact of poor sleep on COVID-19, influenza and upper respiratory infections

sleep study: 39% lower mortality (p=0.001), 32% lower hospitalization (p<0.0001), and 7% fewer cases (p=0.04).
FinnGen Mendelian randomization study showing higher risk of COVID-19 mortality, hospitalization, and infection with insomnia.
Jul 2022, Sleep Medicine, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389945722005536, https://c19p.org/jones

5. Wang et al., Modifiable lifestyle factors and the risk of post-COVID-19 multisystem sequelae, hospitalization, and death

68,896 patient sleep study: 19% lower mortality (p=0.0008), 15% lower hospitalization (p<0.0001), and 23% lower PASC (p<0.0001).
Prospective study of 68,896 UK Biobank participants with COVID-19 showing adherence to a healthy lifestyle prior to infection, characterized by 10 factors including adequate physical activity and sleep, not smoking, and a healthy BMI, was associated with a significantly lower risk of mortality, hospitalization, and post-COVID multisystem sequelae. Risk decreased monotonically for increasing numbers of healthy lifestyle factors from 5-10. Reduced risks were evident across cardiovascular, metabolic, neurologic, respiratory, and other disorders over 210 days following infection, during both acute and post-acute phases, regardless of age, sex, ethnicity, test setting, vaccination status, or SARS-CoV-2 variant.
Jan 2024, Nature Communications, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-50495-7, https://c19p.org/wang24sl

6. Pavlidou et al., Association of COVID-19 Infection with Sociodemographic, Anthropometric and Lifestyle Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Older Adults’ Population Aged over 65 Years Old

5,197 patient sleep study: 40% fewer cases (p=0.01).
Retrospective 5,197 Greek adults over 65. After adjustment for confounders, COVID-19 infection was independently associated with poor sleep, low physical activity, low Mediterranean diet adherence, living in urban areas, smoking, obesity, depression, anxiety, stress, and poor health-related quality of life.
Nov 2023, Diseases, https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/11/4/165, https://c19p.org/pavlidousl

7. Paul et al., Health behaviours the month prior to COVID-19 infection and the development of self-reported long COVID and specific long COVID symptoms: A longitudinal analysis of 1,811 UK adults

1,811 patient sleep study: 67% lower PASC (p<0.0001).
Retrospective 1,811 COVID-19 patients in the UK, showing lower risk of self-reported long COVID with good sleep quality in the month before infection.
Apr 2022, medRxiv, https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.12.22273792, https://c19p.org/paul

8. Wang et al., Multidimensional Sleep Health Prior to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Risk of Post–COVID-19 Condition

1,979 patient sleep study: 36% lower PASC (p=0.0004).
Retrospective 1,979 nurses in the USA, showing lower risk of long COVID with better sleep quality.
May 2023, JAMA Network Open, https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2805380, https://c19p.org/wang17

9. Mohsin et al., Lifestyle and Comorbidity-Related Risk Factors of Severe and Critical COVID-19 Infection: A Comparative Study Among Survived COVID-19 Patients in Bangladesh

1,500 patient sleep study: 38% lower severe cases (p<0.0001).
Retrospective 1,500 COVID+ patients in Bangladesh, showing lower risk of severe cases with good sleep.
Sep 2021, Infection and Drug Resistance, https://www.dovepress.com/lifestyle-and-comorbidity-related-risk-factors-of-severe-and-critical--peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IDR, https://c19p.org/mohsin

10. Kim et al., COVID-19 illness in relation to sleep and burnout

2,884 patient sleep study: 17% fewer moderate/severe cases (p=0.03) and 11% fewer cases (p=0.003).
Retrospective 2,884 high-risk healthcare workers in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK, and the USA, showing shorter sleep duration associated with increased risk of COVID-19 cases and severity.
Mar 2021, BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health, https://nutrition.bmj.com/content/4/1/132.info, https://c19p.org/kim5

11. Gao et al., The impact of individual lifestyle and status on the acquisition of COVID-19: A case—Control study

315 patient sleep study: 36% fewer cases (p=0.04).
Case control study in China with 105 cases and 210 matched controls, showing COVID-19 cases associated with lack of sleep.
Nov 2020, PLOS ONE, https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0241540, https://c19p.org/gao5sl

12. Marcus et al., Predictors of incident viral symptoms ascertained in the era of COVID-19

14,335 patient sleep study: 16% fewer symptomatic cases (p=0.0007).
Prospective survey based study with 14,335 participants, showing risk of viral symptoms associated with shorter sleep duration.
Jun 2021, PLOS ONE, https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0253120, https://c19p.org/marcussl

13. Cloosterman et al., Running behavior and symptoms of respiratory tract infection during the COVID-19 pandemic

2,586 patient sleep study: 32% fewer symptomatic cases (p=0.09).
Analysis of 2,586 participants of a running injury prevention RCT in the Netherlands, showing higher risk of COVID-19 symptoms with sleep disturbance.
Oct 2020, J. Science and Medicine in Sport, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S144024402030788X, https://c19p.org/cloostermansl

14. Pływaczewska-Jakubowska et al., Lifestyle, course of COVID-19, and risk of Long-COVID in non-hospitalized patients

1,847 patient sleep study: 17% fewer moderate/severe cases (p=0.06) and 7% lower PASC (p=0.51).
Retrospective 1,847 COVID+ patients in Poland, showing lower moderate/severe cases with improved sleep, without statistical significance. Hospitalized patients were excluded.
Oct 2022, Frontiers in Medicine, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.1036556/full, https://c19p.org/plywaczewskasl

15. Holt et al., Risk factors for developing COVID-19: a population-based longitudinal study (COVIDENCE UK)

15,227 patient sleep study: 12% fewer cases (p=0.5).
Prospective survey-based study with 15,227 people in the UK, showing reduced risk of COVID-19 cases with 8 hours sleep, with statistical significance when compared with ≥9 hours. NCT04330599. COVIDENCE UK.
Mar 2021, Thorax, https://thorax.bmj.com/content/early/2021/11/02/thoraxjnl-2021-217487, https://c19p.org/holtsl

16. Ahmadi et al., Lifestyle risk factors and infectious disease mortality, including COVID-19, among middle aged and older adults: Evidence from a community-based cohort study in the United Kingdom

468,569 patient sleep study: 3% lower mortality (p=0.91).
Retrospective 468,569 adults in the UK, showing no significant difference in COVID-19 mortality based on sleep quality.
Aug 2021, Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S088915912100180X, https://c19p.org/ahmadi2sl

Submit Corrections or Updates

Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.

Thanks for your feedback! Please search before submitting papers and note that studies are listed under the date they were first available, which may be the date of an earlier preprint.

Submit

Post

@CovidAnalysis

FAQ

Public domain CC0 1.0