Control
Recent:Yan de Gabory Huijghebaert Šlapak.
Dec 1 |
NaCl reduces COVID-19 risk: real-time meta analysis of 9 studies | |
| Significantly lower risk is seen for progression and viral clearance. 6 studies from 6 independent teams in 4 countries show significant benefit. Meta analysis using the most serious outcome reported shows 23% [9‑36%] lower ris.. | ||
Aug 20 |
et al., Frontiers in Public Health, doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1462286 | Saline nasal irrigation and gargling in COVID-19: Part II. Outcomes in Omicron and risk–benefit for self-care |
| Systematic review of saline nasal irrigation (SNI) and gargling for COVID-19. Authors reviewed 14 studies with 2,389 patients with Omicron infection and found that early initiation of SNI and gargling consistently reduced viral loads and .. | ||
Aug 1 |
et al., Medicina, doi:10.3390/medicina61081402 | Nasal Irrigations: A 360-Degree View in Clinical Practice |
| Review of nasal irrigation as a safe, effective, and low-cost treatment for various upper respiratory conditions. High-volume, low-pressure saline irrigations are effective for removing infectious agents, allergens, and inflammatory media.. | ||
Dec 30 2024 |
et al., Journal of Global Health, doi:10.7189/jogh.14.05044 | Double-blind randomised trial of saline solution for gargling and nasal rinsing in SARS-CoV-2 infection |
| RCT 58 outpatients showing similar frequencies and durations of COVID-19 symptoms between low-saline and high-saline gargling and nasal rinsing regimens. Both groups followed the same gargling and rinsing protocol for frequency and durati.. | ||
Dec 13 2024 |
et al., Journal of Global Health, doi:10.7189/jogh.14.05027 | Hypertonic saline nasal irrigation and gargling for suspected or confirmed COVID-19: Pragmatic randomised controlled trial (ELVIS COVID-19) |
| 19% improved recovery (p=0.66). RCT 576 adults in Pakistan with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 showing no significant difference in time to symptom resolution with hypertonic saline nasal irrigation and gargling vs. nasal washing and gargling with tap water. Authors re.. | ||
Dec 9 2024 |
et al., JDR Clinical & Translational Research, doi:10.1177/23800844241296840 | A Cetylpyridinium Chloride Oral Rinse Reduces Salivary Viral Load in Randomized Controlled Trials |
| 33% improved viral clearance (p=0.91). Two RCTs with a total of 247 recently diagnosed COVID-19 patients showing a significant reduction in salivary SARS-CoV-2 viral load 30 minutes after rinsing with a cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) mouthwash compared to rinsing with saline o.. | ||
Sep 13 2024 |
et al., The Laryngoscope, doi:10.1002/lary.31761 | Washing Illness Away: A Systematic Review of the Impact of Nasal Irrigation and Spray on COVID‐19 |
| Review of the efficacy of nasal irrigation with saline, povidone-iodine (PVP-I), and intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) at reducing SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal viral load (NVL) and transmissibility. Saline nasal irrigation (SNI) showed the g.. | ||
Feb 29 2024 |
et al., Translational Cancer Research, doi:10.21037/tcr-23-2384 | Significance of saline nasalirrigation for COVID-19 infection: observations and reflections from nursing care of nasopharyngeal carcinoma |
| 35% lower progression (p=0.002) and 6% fewer cases (p=0.25). Retrospective 518 participants (468 cancer patients and 51 healthcare workers) showing reduced fever rate and shorter fever duration with saline nasal irrigation in COVID-19 patients. Among COVID-19 infected patients, those receiving nasa.. | ||
Feb 20 2024 |
et al., European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, doi:10.1007/s00405-024-08518-y | Seawater nasal wash to reduce symptom duration and viral load in COVID-19 and upper respiratory tract infections: a randomized controlled multicenter trial |
| 75% lower progression (p<0.0001), 24% faster recovery (p=0.02), and 37% improved viral clearance (p=0.54). RCT 355 adults with COVID-19 or other upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). For COVID-19 patients there was lower progression and faster symptom resolution with alkaline seawater nasal wash (pH ~8) 4 times daily for 21 days. There w.. | ||
Nov 21 2023 |
et al., QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcad262 | Effective early strategy to prevent olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19: a randomized controlled trial |
| 71% lower progression (p<0.0001) and 97% lower severe cases (p<0.0001). RCT 379 mild COVID-19 cases showing significantly lower prevalence and severity of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction with budesonide nasal spray, chlorhexidine mouthwash, and saline nasal irrigation. The control group received no interv.. | ||
Oct 3 2023 |
et al., Science Progress, doi:10.1177/00368504231203130 | Effects of nebulized hypertonic saline on inflammatory mediators in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: A double-blinded randomized controlled trial |
| RCT 60 severe COVID-19 pneumonia patients showing significant reduction in inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6) and improved oxygenation with nebulized 5% hypertonic saline compared to distilled water. 50% vs. 36% were on noninvasive venti.. | ||
Sep 20 2023 |
et al., Journal of Clinical Medicine, doi:10.3390/jcm12186075 | Efficacy of BREATHOX® Device Inhalation on Acute Symptoms Associated with COVID-19 (BREATH Study): A Randomized Pilot Clinical Trial |
| 75% lower hospitalization (p=0.34) and 10% worse recovery (p=0.7). RCT 98 outpatients in Brazil, showing faster recovery from cough with inhaled hypertonic saline. Authors note that the effect on coughing may hypothetically be related to a hyperosmotic response influencing the function of different membr.. | ||
Sep 10 2023 |
et al., World Journal of Pediatrics, doi:10.1007/s12519-023-00749-z | Efficacy of physiological seawater nasal irrigation for the treatment of children with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 variant infection: a randomized controlled trial |
| 25% improved viral clearance (p=0.11). RCT 403 children in China with mild/asymptomatic COVID-19, showing significantly faster viral clearance with physiological seawater nasal irrigation. | ||
Jun 17 2023 |
et al., Ear, Nose & Throat Journal, doi:10.1177/01455613231172337 | Effect of Nasal Irrigation in Children With Omicron Variant of COVID-19 Infection |
| 6% faster recovery (p=0.46) and 24% faster viral clearance (p<0.0001). Quasi-experimental study of 60 pediatric patients with Omicron COVID-19 infection showing significant reduction in nucleic acid conversion time with nasal saline irrigation compared to routine treatment. Children aged 3-13 years were divi.. | ||
Jun 16 2023 |
et al., Frontiers in Public Health, doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1161881 | Saline nasal irrigation and gargling in COVID-19: a multidisciplinary review of effects on viral load, mucosal dynamics, and patient outcomes |
| Review examining the effects of saline nasal irrigation and gargling for COVID-19, finding evidence that regular use improves viral clearance and symptoms. Analysis of 33 clinical studies showed that saline irrigation reduces nasopharynge.. | ||
Mar 21 2023 |
et al., Journal of Dental Research, doi:10.1177/00220345231156415 | Efficacy of a Mouthwash Containing CHX and CPC in SARS-CoV-2–Positive Patients: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial |
| 72% improved viral clearance (p=0.1). Prospective study of 61 COVID+ patients showing a significant reduction in viral load and infectivity with a mouthwash containing 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and 0.05% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX). Mouthwash containing 0.9% Na.. | ||
Jan 9 2023 |
et al., Frontiers in Public Health, doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.1046112 | Effect of nasal irrigation in adults infected with Omicron variant of COVID-19: A quasi-experimental study |
| 3% faster recovery (p=0.69) and 40% faster viral clearance (p<0.0001). Quasi-experimental study of 80 COVID-19 patients showing shorter nucleic acid negative conversion time but no significant difference in symptom duration with hypertonic saline nasal irrigation in adults infected with Omicron variant. Data.. | ||
Sep 27 2022 |
et al., Canadian Respiratory Journal, doi:10.1155/2022/8794127 | Nasopharyngeal Wash with Normal Saline Decreases SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load: A Randomized Pilot Controlled Trial |
| 85% lower ICU admission (p=0.24), 64% lower need for oxygen therapy (p=0.25), and 51% improved viral clearance (p=0.009). RCT 50 hospitalized COVID-19 pneumonia patients showing decreased SARS-CoV-2 viral load with nasopharyngeal washes using normal saline 0.9%. In the normal saline group, viral load decreased by 8.9% after 24 hours of treatment, while the c.. | ||
Jul 11 2022 |
et al., Indian Journal of Community Medicine, doi:10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_804_21 | Impact of steam inhalation, saline gargling, and povidone-iodine gargling on clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients in Bengaluru, Karnataka: A randomized control trial |
| 43% improved recovery (p=0.0004). RCT with 20 saline and 20 control low risk patients in India, showing faster recovery with saline gargling, but no significant difference in viral clearance. | ||
Jun 30 2022 |
et al., Journal of Lipid Research, doi:10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100208 | The SARS-CoV2 envelope differs from host cells, exposes procoagulant lipids, and is disrupted in vivo by oral rinses |
| In vitro study and small RCT of mouthwashes. The in vitro study characterized the lipid composition of the SARS-CoV-2 envelope and showed that oral rinses containing lipid-disrupting chemicals can reduce infectivity, meeting European viru.. | ||
May 28 2022 |
et al., Microorganisms, doi:10.3390/microorganisms10061118 | Effects of Different Inhalation Therapy on Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Ventilated COVID-19 Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
| 26% lower mortality (p=0.09). RCT mechanically ventilated patients in Croatia, showing no significant difference in mortality with saline inhalation. ICU mortality results are from [repozitorij.mefst.unist.hr]. | ||
Jun 29 2021 |
et al., Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, doi:10.3892/etm.2021.10347 | Safety and efficacy of a COVID‑19 treatment with nebulized and/or intravenous neutral electrolyzed saline combined with usual medical care vs. usual medical care alone: A randomized, open‑label, controlled trial |
| RCT 214 ambulatory COVID-19 patients showing significant benefit with nebulized and/or intravenous neutral electrolyzed saline. The treatment group had reduced risk of hospitalization, lower mortality, and faster time to an acceptable sym.. | ||
Oct 20 2020 |
et al., International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, doi:10.1002/alr.22703 | Interim analysis of an open‐label randomized controlled trial evaluating nasal irrigations in non‐hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 |
| 29% faster recovery (p=0.16). Interim analysis of an open-label RCT of 45 non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients showing nasal irrigation with hypertonic saline significantly reduced days to symptom resolution for nasal congestion and headache. The study compared three ar.. | ||
Jan 1 2008 |
et al., Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, doi:10.1001/archoto.2007.19 | Efficacy of Isotonic Nasal Wash (Seawater) in the Treatment and Prevention of Rhinitis in Children |
| RCT 401 children aged 6-10, showing significant benefits with isotonic seawater nasal wash for treating and preventing upper respiratory tract infections. | ||