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Andrographolide for COVID-19
7 studies with >1,000 patients
Serious outcome risk
Andrographolide
Control
Significantly lower risk for recovery.
2 studies from 2 independent teams in 2 countries show significant benefit.
COVID-19 Andrographolide studies · October 2026
Andrographolide was adopted in 1 country. Recent:
Songvut.
Covid Analysis Andrographolide for COVID-19: real-time meta-analysis of 7 studies (Version 8)
Significantly lower risk is seen for recovery. 2 studies from 2 independent teams in 2 countries show significant benefit. Meta-analysis using the most serious outcome reported shows 27% [-8‑50%] lower risk, without reaching st..
Mar 13
 Songvut et al., Frontiers in Pharmacology, doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1781740 Exploratory pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic characterization and safety of standardized Andrographis paniculata aqueous extract capsules in patients with mild COVID-19
Exploratory open-label PK/PD clinical trial of 12 outpatients with mild COVID-19 showing a -2.96 log10 reduction in viral load over 5 days with standardized Andrographis paniculata aqueous extract capsules (90 mg/day andrographolide). The..
Jul 31
2025
 Sirijatuphat et al., Phytomedicine Plus, doi:10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100858 Andrographis paniculata or Favipiravir in Mild COVID-19: A Randomized Control Trial
RCT 184 mild COVID-19 patients in Thailand showing no difference in pneumonia incidence or viral clearance between Andrographis paniculata and favipiravir.
Jul 26
2025
 Dinda et al., Phytomedicine Plus, doi:10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100850 Potential of diterpenoid andrographolide in COVID-19 therapy: an insight on its antiviral-, immunomodulatory-, anti-inflammatory-, antioxidant- and antithrombotic- properties
Review of andrographolide's potential for COVID-19, examining its antiviral, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antithrombotic properties. Authors describe how andrographolide, a diterpenoid from Andrographis paniculata..
Jan 6
2025
 Songvut et al., Pharmaceutical Biology, doi:10.1080/13880209.2024.2444446 Non-linear oral bioavailability and clinical pharmacokinetics of high-dose Andrographis paniculata ethanolic extract: relevant dosage implications for COVID-19 treatment
Analysis of the pharmacokinetics and safety of high-dose Andrographis paniculata ethanolic extract. Authors observed non-linear oral bioavailability, with low plasma concentrations of key bioactive diterpenoids following ethanolic extract..
Nov 30
2024
 Kongsomros et al., Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, doi:10.1016/j.jtcme.2024.05.004 In vivo evaluation of Andrographis paniculata and Boesenbergia rotunda extract activity against SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in Golden Syrian hamsters: Potential herbal alternative for COVID-19 treatment
Syrian hamster study showing that Andrographis paniculata extract improves survival without reducing viral load in SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant infection, likely through anti-inflammatory effects. Treatment with A. paniculata extract led to 1..
Nov 25
2024
 Chidambaram, K., Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, doi:10.4103/apjtb.apjtb_751_23 Antiviral efficacy of Andrographis paniculata and andrographolides: A narrative review
Review of the efficacy of Andrographis paniculata and andrographolides against viruses including SARS-CoV-2. Author discusses extracts and andrographolide derivatives that have shown immunomodulatory and antiviral effects in vitro and in ..
Oct 7
2024
 Zhang et al., Natural Product Communications, doi:10.1177/1934578X241288428 Effects and Mechanisms of Andrographolide for COVID-19: A Network Pharmacology-Based and Experimentally Validated Study
In silico and in vitro study showing that andrographolide inhibits SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus entry and replication and suppresses proinflammatory cytokine expression in BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells. Network pharmacology analysis identi..
Jul 1
2024
 Chaopreecha et al., Phytomedicine, doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2024.156279 (date from preprint) Andrographolide attenuates SARS-CoV-2 infection via an up-regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC)
In vitro study showing andrographolide attenuates infection of SARS-CoV-2 wildtype and omicron variants in human lung epithelial cells and monkey kidney cells. Proteomic analysis revealed andrographolide induces expression of the glutathi..
Jun 14
2024
 Li et al., Antiviral Therapy, doi:10.1177/13596535241259952 Andrographolide suppresses SARS-CoV-2 infection by downregulating ACE2 expression: A mechanistic study
In vitro study showing that andrographolide downregulates ACE2 expression and inhibits SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection in a dose-dependent manner in human cells. Authors constructed a screening platform with a dual-luciferase reporter ve..
Apr 29
2024
 Thomas et al., Scientific Reports, doi:10.1038/s41598-024-58532-7 Cheminformatics approach to identify andrographolide derivatives as dual inhibitors of methyltransferases (nsp14 and nsp16) of SARS-CoV-2
In silico study showing that andrographolide derivatives (PubChem CID 2734589 and 138968421) are potential dual inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 methyltransferases nsp14 and nsp16, which are crucial for viral replication and evading host immune r..
Feb 22
2024
 Low et al., bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2024.02.21.581396 The wide spectrum anti-inflammatory activity of andrographolide in comparison to NSAIDs: a promising therapeutic compound against the cytokine storm
In vitro study showing that andrographolide exhibits broad anti-inflammatory and cytokine inhibiting activity against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-γ induced inflammation in murine RAW264.7 and human THP-1 macrophage cell lines...
Feb 21
2024
 Wan et al., Scientific Reports, doi:10.1038/s41598-024-54722-5 Synergistic inhibition effects of andrographolide and baicalin on coronavirus mechanisms by downregulation of ACE2 protein level
In vitro and mouse study showing that andrographolide and baicalin have synergistic antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2. Andrographolide and baicalin inhibited binding between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and ACE2 receptor in human cells..
Feb 2
2024
 Prasoppokakorn et al., OBM Integrative and Complementary Medicine, doi:10.21926/obm.icm.2401013 Efficacy and Safety of Andrographolide and Favipiravir Versus Favipiravir Monotherapy in Patients with Mild COVID-19 Infection: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
37% improved recovery (p=0.005). Randomized controlled trial of 82 mild COVID-19 outpatients showing significantly greater reduction in cough and lower inflammatory markers at day 7. Symptomatic improvement was significant at day 7 when combining all symptoms reported, b..
Dec 29
2023
 Puriwatthanapong et al., Journal of Thai Traditional & Alternative Medicine, 21:3 Randomized-Controlled Trial to Compare the Efficacy of Andrographis paniculata Powder and Favipiravir for the Treatment of Mild COVID-19
RCT 231 mild COVID-19 outpatients in Thailand comparing Andrographis paniculata (AP) extract in two forms versus favipiravir, showing no significant differences between groups. Patients were randomized to either aerial parts AP extract (n..
Dec 21
2023
 Yarnvitayalert et al., 2023 IEEE 5th Eurasia Conference on Biomedical Engineering, Healthcare and Sustainability, doi:10.3390/engproc2023055081 Dynamic Model of Andrographolide Therapy for COVID-19
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of andrographolide for COVID-19. The model suggests that a dose of 60mg per day of andrographolide is optimal for reducing viral load and infection. The model incorporates the diffusion of the ..
Dec 7
2023
 Wijewickrama et al., Journal of Ethnopharmacology, doi:10.1016/j.jep.2023.117535 Efficacy and safety of Link Natural Sudarshana, an Ayurvedic herbal preparation in COVID-19 patients: A phase II multicenter double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial
RCT 171 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Sri Lanka, showing improved viral clearance and recovery, without statistical significance, for treatment with Link Natural Sudarshana (LNS). LNS is an Ayurvedic herbal preparation containing 49 m..
Nov 23
2023
 Kanokkangsadal et al., Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, doi:10.4103/1735-5362.389947 Andrographis paniculata extract versus placebo in the treatment of COVID-19: a double-blinded randomized control trial
51% lower progression (p=0.25) and 8% improved recovery (p=0.33). RCT 165 low-risk mild COVID-19 patients in Thailand receiving either 180mg/day of Andrographis paniculata extract or placebo for 5 days. No significant difference was found between groups for disease progression, though A. paniculata show..
Nov 15
2023
 Bhardwaj et al., Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, doi:10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100778 Effectiveness of ayurvedic formulation, NAOQ19 along with standard care in the treatment of mild-moderate COVID-19 patients: A double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicentric trial
13% shorter hospitalization (p=0.05) and 12% faster viral clearance (p=0.02). RCT 150 mild-moderate COVID-19 patients showing faster viral clearance and shorter hospitalization with NAOQ19, a polyherbal formulation containing 13 antiviral/antinflammatory compounds. NAOQ19 ingredients include curcumin, andrographis,..
Nov 13
2023
 Siridechakorn et al., Scientific Reports, doi:10.1038/s41598-023-46249-y Inhibitory efficiency of Andrographis paniculata extract on viral multiplication and nitric oxide production
In vitro study analyzing the antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties of extracts and fractions from Andrographis paniculata, against herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and influenza A virus H3N2 as surrogates for COVID-19. The results show..
Nov 9
2023
 Arifin et al., GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, doi:10.30574/gscbps.2023.25.2.0292 Computational exploration of Andrographis paniculata herb compounds as potential antiviral agents targeting NSP3 (6W02) and NSP5 (7AR6) of SARS-COV-2
In silico screening of 41 phytochemicals from Andrographis paniculata suggests 5 compounds - 12S-Hydroxyandrographolide, 14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide, Andrographolide, Andropanolide, and Isoandrographolide - have potential as a..
Sep 16
2023
 Mohd Abd Razak et al., Natural Product Communications, doi:10.1177/1934578X231188861 In Vitro Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activities of Curcumin and Selected Phenolic Compounds
In vitro study showing that of 9 phenolic compounds tested, only curcumin inhibited SARS-CoV-2 cytopathic effects in infected monkey kidney Vero E6 cells. Curcumin showed antiviral activity against wildtype, alpha, delta, and omicron vari..
Aug 22
2023
 Ratiani et al., Pharmaceuticals, doi:10.3390/ph16091196 Efficacy of Kan Jang® in Patients with Mild COVID-19: A Randomized, Quadruple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
71% lower progression (p=0.03), 70% improved recovery (p=0.07), and 41% faster viral clearance (p=0.12). RCT 140 mild COVID-19 patients treated within 3 days of onset, showing lower progression and improved recovery with Kan Jang (andrographis + eleuthero).
Aug 12
2023
 Siripongboonsitti et al., Phytomedicine, doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155018 Efficacy of Andrographis paniculata extract treatment in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients being treated with favipiravir: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study (APFaVi trial)
86% lower need for oxygen therapy (p=0.24), 37% improved recovery (p=0.28), and 5% worse viral clearance (p=0.46). RCT 146 mild/moderate COVID-19 patients in Thailand, showing no significant difference in clinical outcomes. There were very few serious outcomes.
Jun 30
2023
 Pu et al., Phytomedicine, doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154753 The effects and mechanisms of the anti-COVID-19 traditional Chinese medicine, Dehydroandrographolide from Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall, on acute lung injury by the inhibition of NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis
In vitro and mouse study investigating the potential therapeutic effects of dehydroandrographolide (Deh), a compound from the herb Andrographis paniculata, in models of acute lung injury caused by COVID-19 infection. Deh reduced inflammat..
May 31
2023
 Benjaponpitak et al., Archives of Internal Medicine Research, doi:10.26502/aimr.0146 Effect of Andrographis paniculata Treatment for Nonimmune Patients with Early-Stage COVID-19 on the Prevention of Pneumonia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
98% lower progression (p<0.0001). Retrospective 528 asymptomatic/mild patients in Thailand, showing lower progression to pneumonia with andrographis treatment.
Feb 28
2023
 Shanker et al., Phytomedicine Plus, doi:10.1016/j.phyplu.2022.100398 A randomized controlled pilot study of add-on therapy of CIM-MEG19 (standardized Andrographis paniculata formulation) in mild to moderate COVID-19
91% lower progression (p=0.05), 33% faster recovery (p<0.0001), and 6% improved viral clearance (p=1). 80 mild/moderate hospitalized COVID-19 patients in India, 40 treated with CIM-MEG19 (standardized Andrographis paniculata formulation), showing faster recovery, lower progression, and favorable changes in inflammatory markers, however the..
Feb 21
2023
 Savaliya et al., AYU (An International Quarterly Journal of Research in Ayurveda), doi:10.4103/ayu.ayu_92_22 Safety and efficacy of COROPROTECT kit as an add-on therapy in the management of mild-to-moderate COVID-19: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial
86% improved recovery (p<0.0001) and 53% improved viral clearance (p<0.0001). RCT with 300 mild to moderate hospitalized COVID-19 patients, showing faster recovery, faster viral clearance, and a reduction in inflammatory markers with COROPROTECT, which includes curcumin, andrographis, and several additional treatme..
Feb 10
2023
 Bhattarai et al., Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, doi:10.1080/07391102.2023.2174596 Investigating the binding affinity of andrographolide against human SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain through docking and molecular dynamics simulations
In silico study showing that andrographolide binds strongly to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD). Authors used molecular docking and dynamics simulations to demonstrate that andrographolide forms stable non-covale..
Jan 12
2023
 Nguyen et al., Bioinformatics and Biology Insights, doi:10.1177/11779322221149622 The Potential of Ameliorating COVID-19 and Sequelae From Andrographis paniculata via Bioinformatics
In silico study identifying multiple compounds including andrographolide, quercetin, and hydroxychloroquine (used as a reference) as promising inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2. Authors note the potential synergistic effect of multiple compounds.
Dec 31
2022
 Prempree et al., OSIR, 15:4 SARS-CoV-2 Clearance from Andrographis paniculata, Boesenbergia rotunda, and Favipiravir among Mild COVID-19 Cases in Klong Prem Central Prison during Mid-2021: a Retrospective Study
19% improved viral clearance (p=0.61). Retrospective 120 patients in Thailand, showing improved viral clearance with andrographis compared with favipiravir.
Sep 22
2022
 Dassanayake et al., International Journal of Molecular Sciences, doi:10.3390/ijms231911131 Molecular Docking and In-Silico Analysis of Natural Biomolecules against Dengue, Ebola, Zika, SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern and Monkeypox Virus
In silico study showing that the phytochemical andrographolide derived from Andrographis paniculata binds strongly to the spike proteins of six SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the B.1.1.7 UK, B.1.351 South African, P.1 Japan/Brazil, B.1.42..
Aug 10
2022
 Tanwettiyanont et al., Frontiers in Medicine, doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.947373 Use of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees and risk of pneumonia in hospitalised patients with mild coronavirus disease 2019: A retrospective cohort study
26% higher progression (p=0.4). Retrospective 605 hospitalized patients in Thailand, showing higher progression with andrographis, without statistical significance.
Jul 13
2022
 Intharuksa et al., Molecules, doi:10.3390/molecules27144479 A Comprehensive Review of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees and Its Constituents as Potential Lead Compounds for COVID-19 Drug Discovery
Review of Andrographis paniculata extracts and compounds like andrographolide with antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties that could help treat COVID-19 symptoms and progression. In silico studies suggest these comp..
Jun 30
2022
 Ningrum et al., Proceedings Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Undergraduate Conference, doi:10.18196/umygrace.v2i2.418 Potency Of Andrographolide, L-Mimosine And Asiaticoside Compound As Antiviral For Covid-19 Based On In Silico Method
In silico study showing that andrographolide, L-mimosine, and asiaticoside compounds from Andrographis paniculata, Mimosa pudica and Centella asiatica plants have potential as COVID-19 antivirals by binding to SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro, NSP3, and..
May 30
2022
 Numthavaj et al., NCT05178173 Andrographis Paniculata vs Boesenbergia Rotunda vs Control in Asymptomatic COVID-19
Estimated 3,060 patient andrographolide early treatment RCT with results not reported over 4 years after estimated completion.
Mar 28
2022
 Ravichandran et al., Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, doi:10.33263/BRIAC132.155 Identification of Potential Semisynthetic Andrographolide Derivatives to Combat COVID-19 by Targeting the SARS-COV-2 Spike Protein and Human ACE2 Receptor– An In-silico Approach
In silico study showing that semisynthetic andrographolide derivatives have potential to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection by targeting the spike protein and human ACE2 receptor. Docking studies found that derivatives AGP15 and AGP14 had the h..
Jan 31
2022
 Saeheng et al., The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, doi:10.1142/S0192415X22500732 In Silico Prediction of Andrographolide Dosage Regimens for COVID-19 Treatment
In silico study showing potential benefits of andrographolide for COVID-19 treatment and optimal dosage regimens predicted by physiologically-based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) modeling. Authors find that oral crude extra..
Dec 31
2021
 Khanal et al., RSC Advances, doi:10.1039/D0RA10529E Combination of system biology to probe the anti-viral activity of andrographolide and its derivative against COVID-19
In silico study showing that andrographolide and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide from Andrographis paniculata modulate immune pathways and bind to SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease, main protease, and spike protein. Authors find tha..
Dec 27
2021
 Bhardwaja et al., Research Square, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1165680/v1 An integrative approach to clinical recovery for COVID-19 patients using an Ayurvedic formulation: A multicentric double-blind randomized control trial
89% improved recovery (p=0.05) and 24% improved viral clearance (p=0.47). Small RCT with 39 patients treated with NOQ19 and 37 placebo patients, showing improved recovery, without statistical significance. NOQ19 has multiple ingredients including curcumin, andrographis, and antiandrogen glycyrrhiza glabra.
Oct 11
2021
 Majeed et al., Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, doi:10.1155/2021/8447545 A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of a Nutritional Supplement (ImmuActive) for COVID-19 Patients
43% improved recovery (p=0.004) and 6% faster viral clearance (p=0.47). RCT 100 patients in India, 50 treated with ImmuActive (curcumin, andrographolides, resveratrol, zinc, selenium, and piperine), showing improved recovery with treatment.
Jul 11
2021
 Wanaratna et al., Archives of Internal Medicine Research, doi:10.26502/aimr.0125 (date from preprint) Efficacy and Safety of Andrographis Paniculata Extract in Patients with Mild COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Trial
86% lower progression (p=0.11) and 40% improved viral clearance (p=0.11). RCT 63 mild COVID-19 patients showing lower progression and improved viral clearance with andrographis, without statistical significance.
Jun 24
2021
 Rehan et al., Frontiers in Immunology, doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.648250 A Computational Approach Identified Andrographolide as a Potential Drug for Suppressing COVID-19-Induced Cytokine Storm
In silico study showing that andrographolide, a compound from Andrographis paniculata, may reduce cytokine storm in COVID-19 by targeting the TNF signaling pathway. Authors found that andrographolide binds to TNF and NFkB1 proteins, poten..
May 12
2021
 Zhang et al., Phytotherapy Research, doi:10.1002/ptr.7141 Efficacy and safety of Xiyanping injection in the treatment of COVID‐19: A multicenter, prospective, open‐label and randomized controlled trial
92% lower severe cases (p=0.03), 48% improved recovery (p=0.008), and 53% improved viral clearance (p=0.0001). RCT 130 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in China, showing lower progression and improved recovery with Xiyanping injection (9-dehydro-17-hydro-andrographolide and sodium 9-dehydro-17-hydro-andrographolide-19-yl sulfate, which are derived f..
Oct 16
2020
 Rajagopal et al., Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, doi:10.1186/s43094-020-00126-x Activity of phytochemical constituents of Curcuma longa (turmeric) and Andrographis paniculata against coronavirus (COVID-19): an in silico approach
In silico study of several phytochemical compounds from Curcuma longa (turmeric) and Andrographis paniculata for their potential activity against COVID-19 by targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Molecular docking analysis found the tur..
Jun 18
2020
 Dey et al., Research Square, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-35800/v1 The role of andrographolide and its derivative in COVID-19 associated proteins and immune system
In silico study showing that andrographolide and its derivative 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide from Andrographis paniculata may be beneficial for COVID-19 by binding to key SARS-CoV-2 proteins and modulating immune pathways. Auth..