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Outcomes in COVID-19 remdesivir studies
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Outcomes in remdesivir studies. Studies show significantly increased risk of acute kidney injury [Gérard, Zhou].
All studies   Exclusions   Mortality   Ventilation   ICU   Hospitalization   Serious outcomes   Recovery   Viral clearance   RCTs   RCT mortality   Peer-reviewed   All outcomes  
0 0.5 1 1.5+ All studies 15% 44 133,239 Improvement, Studies, Patients Relative Risk Mortality 16% 40 131,840 Ventilation -10% 8 33,882 ICU admission -34% 2 2,163 Hospitalization -19% 4 3,939 Progression 47% 2 12,659 Recovery 21% 3 2,469 Viral clearance 0% 1 142 RCTs 12% 9 10,168 RCT mortality 9% 8 9,606 Peer-reviewed 9% 36 122,239 Early 61% 4 1,324 Late 14% 41 132,287 Remdesivir for COVID-19 c19early.org/s Jan 2023 Favorsremdesivir Favorscontrol after exclusions
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Madan (ES) 66% 0.34 [0.12-0.96] death 4/112 27/260 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Gottlieb (DB RCT) 87% 0.13 [0.03-0.59] death/hosp. 2/279 15/283 Piccicacco 66% 0.34 [0.01-8.32] death 0/82 1/90 Kneidinger 20% 0.80 [0.35-1.82] severe case 6/46 28/172 Tau​2​ = 0.27, I​2​ = 39.4%, p = 0.026 Early treatment 61% 0.39 [0.17-0.89] 12/519 71/805 61% improvement Wang (RCT) -9% 1.09 [0.54-2.18] death 22/158 10/78 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Olender 59% 0.41 [0.24-0.71] death 24/312 102/818 Spinner (RCT) 35% 0.65 [0.18-2.40] death 5/384 4/200 Pasquini (ICU) 16% 0.84 [0.69-0.94] death 14/25 24/26 ICU patients Fried 61% 0.39 [0.15-0.99] death 4/48 2,510/11,673 Beigel (RCT) 27% 0.73 [0.52-1.03] death 541 (n) 521 (n) SOLIDARITY (RCT) 5% 0.95 [0.81-1.11] death 301/2,743 303/2,708 Solh 47% 0.53 [0.39-0.70] death 63/219 202/424 Flisiak 49% 0.51 [0.19-1.30] death 5/122 17/211 Garibaldi 20% 0.80 [0.46-1.41] death 23/303 45/303 Ullah -100% 2.00 [0.67-5.94] death 8/30 4/30 Yeramaneni -24% 1.24 [0.11-14.2] death 32 (n) 7,126 (n) Goldberg 9% 0.91 [0.50-1.67] hosp. time 29 (n) 113 (n) Tsuzuki -4% 1.04 [0.98-1.09] death 69/824 285/11,663 Mahajan (RCT) -76% 1.76 [0.46-6.82] death 5/34 3/36 Mulhem -86% 1.86 [0.21-5.24] death 1/8 515/3,211 Aghajani 19% 0.81 [0.46-1.46] death 46 (n) 945 (n) Elhadi (ICU) -11% 1.11 [0.81-1.51] death 14/21 267/444 ICU patients Pourhoseingholi -2% 1.02 [0.72-1.44] death 42/123 297/2,345 Arch (PSM) 20% 0.80 [0.64-0.98] death 203/1,491 777/4,676 Barrat-Due (DB RCT) 0% 1.00 [0.20-4.60] death 3/37 4/53 Ohl (PSM) -6% 1.06 [0.83-1.36] death 143/1,172 124/1,172 Madan 44% 0.56 [0.33-0.95] death 23/398 27/260 Kuno (PSM) 1% 0.99 [0.84-1.17] death 214/999 216/999 Diaz 35% 0.65 [0.46-0.92] death 33/286 173/852 DISCOVERY Ader (RCT) 6% 0.94 [0.59-1.45] death 34/414 37/418 Mozaffari 12% 0.88 [0.81-0.96] death 4,441/28,855 5,499/28,855 Schmidt (PSM) -509% 6.09 [2.71-13.7] severe case 43 (n) 434 (n) Jamir (ICU) 8% 0.92 [0.55-1.55] death 60/181 41/85 ICU patients Mustafa 33% 0.67 [0.38-1.20] death 16/200 29/244 CATCO Ali (RCT) 12% 0.88 [0.72-1.07] death 127/634 152/647 Kurniyanto -460% 5.60 [2.32-13.5] death 7/45 12/432 Siraj 53% 0.47 [0.35-0.62] death 108/413 197/587 Salehi (ICU) 37% 0.63 [0.43-0.94] death 17/40 57/85 ICU patients Elec 19% 0.81 [0.38-1.69] death 7/38 29/127 Zangeneh (ICU) 32% 0.68 [0.45-1.01] death n/a n/a ICU patients Malundo -17% 1.17 [0.80-1.70] death 24/115 197/1,100 Bowen -57% 1.57 [1.25-1.97] death 817 (n) 3,814 (n) Raad 42% 0.58 [0.39-0.88] death n/a n/a Oku -40% 1.40 [0.41-4.36] death 3/46 8/172 Behboodikhah 38% 0.62 [0.30-1.30] death 1,214 (n) 960 (n) Tau​2​ = 0.06, I​2​ = 76.9%, p = 0.0042 Late treatment 14% 0.86 [0.78-0.95] 6,063/43,440 12,167/88,847 14% improvement All studies 15% 0.85 [0.77-0.94] 6,075/43,959 12,238/89,652 15% improvement Remdesivir COVID-19 studies c19early.org/s Jan 2023 Tau​2​ = 0.06, I​2​ = 76.1%, p = 0.0023 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors remdesivir Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Gottlieb (DB RCT) 87% 0.13 [0.03-0.59] death/hosp. 2/279 15/283 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Piccicacco 66% 0.34 [0.01-8.32] death 0/82 1/90 Kneidinger 20% 0.80 [0.35-1.82] severe case 6/46 28/172 Tau​2​ = 0.77, I​2​ = 56.2%, p = 0.15 Early treatment 63% 0.37 [0.10-1.44] 8/407 44/545 63% improvement Wang (RCT) -9% 1.09 [0.54-2.18] death 22/158 10/78 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Olender 59% 0.41 [0.24-0.71] death 24/312 102/818 Spinner (RCT) 35% 0.65 [0.18-2.40] death 5/384 4/200 Pasquini (ICU) 16% 0.84 [0.69-0.94] death 14/25 24/26 ICU patients Beigel (RCT) 27% 0.73 [0.52-1.03] death 541 (n) 521 (n) SOLIDARITY (RCT) 5% 0.95 [0.81-1.11] death 301/2,743 303/2,708 Flisiak 49% 0.51 [0.19-1.30] death 5/122 17/211 Garibaldi 20% 0.80 [0.46-1.41] death 23/303 45/303 Ullah -100% 2.00 [0.67-5.94] death 8/30 4/30 Yeramaneni -24% 1.24 [0.11-14.2] death 32 (n) 7,126 (n) Goldberg 9% 0.91 [0.50-1.67] hosp. time 29 (n) 113 (n) Tsuzuki -4% 1.04 [0.98-1.09] death 69/824 285/11,663 Mahajan (RCT) -76% 1.76 [0.46-6.82] death 5/34 3/36 Aghajani 19% 0.81 [0.46-1.46] death 46 (n) 945 (n) Pourhoseingholi -2% 1.02 [0.72-1.44] death 42/123 297/2,345 Arch (PSM) 20% 0.80 [0.64-0.98] death 203/1,491 777/4,676 Barrat-Due (DB RCT) 0% 1.00 [0.20-4.60] death 3/37 4/53 Ohl (PSM) -6% 1.06 [0.83-1.36] death 143/1,172 124/1,172 Kuno (PSM) 1% 0.99 [0.84-1.17] death 214/999 216/999 Diaz 35% 0.65 [0.46-0.92] death 33/286 173/852 DISCOVERY Ader (RCT) 6% 0.94 [0.59-1.45] death 34/414 37/418 Mozaffari 12% 0.88 [0.81-0.96] death 4,441/28,855 5,499/28,855 Jamir (ICU) 8% 0.92 [0.55-1.55] death 60/181 41/85 ICU patients CATCO Ali (RCT) 12% 0.88 [0.72-1.07] death 127/634 152/647 Siraj 53% 0.47 [0.35-0.62] death 108/413 197/587 Zangeneh (ICU) 32% 0.68 [0.45-1.01] death n/a n/a ICU patients Bowen -57% 1.57 [1.25-1.97] death 817 (n) 3,814 (n) Raad 42% 0.58 [0.39-0.88] death n/a n/a Behboodikhah 38% 0.62 [0.30-1.30] death 1,214 (n) 960 (n) Tau​2​ = 0.04, I​2​ = 72.4%, p = 0.0012 Late treatment 15% 0.85 [0.77-0.94] 5,884/42,219 8,314/70,241 15% improvement All studies 16% 0.84 [0.76-0.93] 5,892/42,626 8,358/70,786 16% improvement Remdesivir COVID-19 studies after exclusions c19early.org/s Jan 2023 Tau​2​ = 0.04, I​2​ = 71.3%, p = 0.00063 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors remdesivir Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Madan (ES) 66% 0.34 [0.12-0.96] 4/112 27/260 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Piccicacco 66% 0.34 [0.01-8.32] 0/82 1/90 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.032 Early treatment 66% 0.34 [0.13-0.91] 4/194 28/350 66% improvement Wang (RCT) -9% 1.09 [0.54-2.18] 22/158 10/78 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Olender 59% 0.41 [0.24-0.71] 24/312 102/818 Spinner (RCT) 35% 0.65 [0.18-2.40] 5/384 4/200 Pasquini (ICU) 16% 0.84 [0.69-0.94] 14/25 24/26 ICU patients Fried 61% 0.39 [0.15-0.99] 4/48 2,510/11,673 Beigel (RCT) 27% 0.73 [0.52-1.03] 541 (n) 521 (n) SOLIDARITY (RCT) 5% 0.95 [0.81-1.11] 301/2,743 303/2,708 Solh 47% 0.53 [0.39-0.70] 63/219 202/424 Flisiak 49% 0.51 [0.19-1.30] 5/122 17/211 Garibaldi 20% 0.80 [0.46-1.41] 23/303 45/303 Ullah -100% 2.00 [0.67-5.94] 8/30 4/30 Yeramaneni -24% 1.24 [0.11-14.2] 32 (n) 7,126 (n) Tsuzuki -4% 1.04 [0.98-1.09] 69/824 285/11,663 Mahajan (RCT) -76% 1.76 [0.46-6.82] 5/34 3/36 Mulhem -86% 1.86 [0.21-5.24] 1/8 515/3,211 Aghajani 19% 0.81 [0.46-1.46] 46 (n) 945 (n) Elhadi (ICU) -11% 1.11 [0.81-1.51] 14/21 267/444 ICU patients Pourhoseingholi -2% 1.02 [0.72-1.44] 42/123 297/2,345 Arch (PSM) 20% 0.80 [0.64-0.98] 203/1,491 777/4,676 Barrat-Due (DB RCT) 0% 1.00 [0.20-4.60] 3/37 4/53 Ohl (PSM) -6% 1.06 [0.83-1.36] 143/1,172 124/1,172 Madan 44% 0.56 [0.33-0.95] 23/398 27/260 Kuno (PSM) 1% 0.99 [0.84-1.17] 214/999 216/999 Diaz 35% 0.65 [0.46-0.92] 33/286 173/852 DISCOVERY Ader (RCT) 6% 0.94 [0.59-1.45] 34/414 37/418 Mozaffari 12% 0.88 [0.81-0.96] 4,441/28,855 5,499/28,855 Jamir (ICU) 8% 0.92 [0.55-1.55] 60/181 41/85 ICU patients Mustafa 33% 0.67 [0.38-1.20] 16/200 29/244 CATCO Ali (RCT) 12% 0.88 [0.72-1.07] 127/634 152/647 Kurniyanto -460% 5.60 [2.32-13.5] 7/45 12/432 Siraj 53% 0.47 [0.35-0.62] 108/413 197/587 Salehi (ICU) 37% 0.63 [0.43-0.94] 17/40 57/85 ICU patients Elec 19% 0.81 [0.38-1.69] 7/38 29/127 Zangeneh (ICU) 32% 0.68 [0.45-1.01] n/a n/a ICU patients Malundo -17% 1.17 [0.80-1.70] 24/115 197/1,100 Bowen -57% 1.57 [1.25-1.97] 817 (n) 3,814 (n) Raad 42% 0.58 [0.39-0.88] n/a n/a Oku -40% 1.40 [0.41-4.36] 3/46 8/172 Behboodikhah 38% 0.62 [0.30-1.30] 1,214 (n) 960 (n) Tau​2​ = 0.05, I​2​ = 74.8%, p = 0.00055 Late treatment 16% 0.84 [0.76-0.93] 6,063/43,368 12,167/88,300 16% improvement All studies 16% 0.84 [0.76-0.93] 6,067/43,562 12,195/88,650 16% improvement 41 remdesivir COVID-19 mortality results c19early.org/s Jan 2023 Tau​2​ = 0.05, I​2​ = 74.2%, p = 0.0005 Favors remdesivir Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Fried -37% 1.37 [0.81-2.30] 11/48 1,956/11,673 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Ullah -250% 3.50 [0.79-15.5] 7/30 2/30 Tsuzuki 2% 0.98 [0.91-1.07] 48/824 98/11,663 Mahajan (RCT) -112% 2.12 [0.41-10.8] 4/34 2/36 Arch (PSM) -68% 1.68 [1.19-2.34] 106/1,498 153/4,602 Kuno (PSM) 0% 1.00 [0.80-1.24] 140/999 140/999 CATCO Ali (RCT) 47% 0.53 [0.38-0.75] 46/634 89/647 Elec 11% 0.89 [0.45-1.78] 8/38 30/127 Tau​2​ = 0.15, I​2​ = 79.9%, p = 0.6 Late treatment -10% 1.10 [0.78-1.54] 370/4,105 2,470/29,777 -10% improvement All studies -10% 1.10 [0.78-1.54] 370/4,105 2,470/29,777 -10% improvement 8 remdesivir COVID-19 mechanical ventilation results c19early.org/s Jan 2023 Tau​2​ = 0.15, I​2​ = 79.9%, p = 0.6 Favors remdesivir Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Kuno (PSM) -17% 1.17 [1.00-1.37] 260/999 222/999 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Elec -72% 1.72 [1.11-2.66] 18/38 35/127 Tau​2​ = 0.05, I​2​ = 61.8%, p = 0.11 Late treatment -34% 1.34 [0.94-1.92] 278/1,037 257/1,126 -34% improvement All studies -34% 1.34 [0.94-1.92] 278/1,037 257/1,126 -34% improvement 2 remdesivir COVID-19 ICU results c19early.org/s Jan 2023 Tau​2​ = 0.05, I​2​ = 61.8%, p = 0.11 Favors remdesivir Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Piccicacco 30% 0.70 [0.28-1.72] hosp. 7/82 11/90 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.44 Early treatment 30% 0.70 [0.28-1.72] 7/82 11/90 30% improvement Goldberg 9% 0.91 [0.50-1.67] hosp. time 29 (n) 113 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Ohl (PSM) -100% 2.00 [1.33-3.02] hosp. time 1,172 (n) 1,172 (n) CATCO Ali (RCT) -11% 1.11 [1.01-1.23] hosp. time 634 (n) 647 (n) Tau​2​ = 0.10, I​2​ = 74.9%, p = 0.25 Late treatment -28% 1.28 [0.85-1.93] 0/1,835 0/1,932 -28% improvement All studies -19% 1.19 [0.82-1.72] 7/1,917 11/2,022 -19% improvement 4 remdesivir COVID-19 hospitalization results c19early.org/s Jan 2023 Tau​2​ = 0.09, I​2​ = 67.1%, p = 0.37 Favors remdesivir Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Madan (ES) 66% 0.34 [0.12-0.96] death 4/112 27/260 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Gottlieb (DB RCT) 87% 0.13 [0.03-0.59] death/hosp. 2/279 15/283 Piccicacco 66% 0.34 [0.01-8.32] death 0/82 1/90 Kneidinger 20% 0.80 [0.35-1.82] severe case 6/46 28/172 Tau​2​ = 0.27, I​2​ = 39.4%, p = 0.026 Early treatment 61% 0.39 [0.17-0.89] 12/519 71/805 61% improvement Wang (RCT) -9% 1.09 [0.54-2.18] death 22/158 10/78 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Olender 59% 0.41 [0.24-0.71] death 24/312 102/818 Spinner (RCT) 35% 0.65 [0.18-2.40] death 5/384 4/200 Pasquini (ICU) 16% 0.84 [0.69-0.94] death 14/25 24/26 ICU patients Fried 61% 0.39 [0.15-0.99] death 4/48 2,510/11,673 Beigel (RCT) 27% 0.73 [0.52-1.03] death 541 (n) 521 (n) SOLIDARITY (RCT) 5% 0.95 [0.81-1.11] death 301/2,743 303/2,708 Solh 47% 0.53 [0.39-0.70] death 63/219 202/424 Flisiak 49% 0.51 [0.19-1.30] death 5/122 17/211 Garibaldi 20% 0.80 [0.46-1.41] death 23/303 45/303 Ullah -100% 2.00 [0.67-5.94] death 8/30 4/30 Yeramaneni -24% 1.24 [0.11-14.2] death 32 (n) 7,126 (n) Tsuzuki -4% 1.04 [0.98-1.09] death 69/824 285/11,663 Mahajan (RCT) -76% 1.76 [0.46-6.82] death 5/34 3/36 Mulhem -86% 1.86 [0.21-5.24] death 1/8 515/3,211 Aghajani 19% 0.81 [0.46-1.46] death 46 (n) 945 (n) Elhadi (ICU) -11% 1.11 [0.81-1.51] death 14/21 267/444 ICU patients Pourhoseingholi -2% 1.02 [0.72-1.44] death 42/123 297/2,345 Arch (PSM) 20% 0.80 [0.64-0.98] death 203/1,491 777/4,676 Barrat-Due (DB RCT) 0% 1.00 [0.20-4.60] death 3/37 4/53 Ohl (PSM) -6% 1.06 [0.83-1.36] death 143/1,172 124/1,172 Madan 44% 0.56 [0.33-0.95] death 23/398 27/260 Kuno (PSM) 1% 0.99 [0.84-1.17] death 214/999 216/999 Diaz 35% 0.65 [0.46-0.92] death 33/286 173/852 DISCOVERY Ader (RCT) 6% 0.94 [0.59-1.45] death 34/414 37/418 Mozaffari 12% 0.88 [0.81-0.96] death 4,441/28,855 5,499/28,855 Schmidt (PSM) -509% 6.09 [2.71-13.7] severe case 43 (n) 434 (n) Jamir (ICU) 8% 0.92 [0.55-1.55] death 60/181 41/85 ICU patients Mustafa 33% 0.67 [0.38-1.20] death 16/200 29/244 CATCO Ali (RCT) 12% 0.88 [0.72-1.07] death 127/634 152/647 Kurniyanto -460% 5.60 [2.32-13.5] death 7/45 12/432 Siraj 53% 0.47 [0.35-0.62] death 108/413 197/587 Salehi (ICU) 37% 0.63 [0.43-0.94] death 17/40 57/85 ICU patients Elec 19% 0.81 [0.38-1.69] death 7/38 29/127 Zangeneh (ICU) 32% 0.68 [0.45-1.01] death n/a n/a ICU patients Malundo -17% 1.17 [0.80-1.70] death 24/115 197/1,100 Bowen -57% 1.57 [1.25-1.97] death 817 (n) 3,814 (n) Raad 42% 0.58 [0.39-0.88] death n/a n/a Oku -40% 1.40 [0.41-4.36] death 3/46 8/172 Behboodikhah 38% 0.62 [0.30-1.30] death 1,214 (n) 960 (n) Tau​2​ = 0.06, I​2​ = 77.5%, p = 0.0045 Late treatment 14% 0.86 [0.78-0.95] 6,063/43,411 12,167/88,734 14% improvement All studies 15% 0.85 [0.77-0.94] 6,075/43,930 12,238/89,539 15% improvement 44 remdesivir COVID-19 serious outcomes c19early.org/s Jan 2023 Tau​2​ = 0.06, I​2​ = 76.7%, p = 0.0024 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors remdesivir Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Gottlieb (DB RCT) 29% 0.71 [0.37-1.37] no recov. 43/66 45/60 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.0033 Early treatment 29% 0.71 [0.37-1.37] 43/66 45/60 29% improvement Beigel (RCT) 22% 0.78 [0.67-0.89] no recov. 541 (n) 521 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control CATCO Ali (RCT) 9% 0.91 [0.73-1.14] no recov. 634 (n) 647 (n) Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 29.1%, p = 0.0096 Late treatment 18% 0.82 [0.71-0.95] 0/1,175 0/1,168 18% improvement All studies 21% 0.79 [0.70-0.89] 43/1,241 45/1,228 21% improvement 3 remdesivir COVID-19 recovery results c19early.org/s Jan 2023 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 18.9%, p = 0.00016 Favors remdesivir Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Goldberg 0% 1.00 [0.92-1.09] viral+ 29 (n) 113 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.98 Late treatment 0% 1.00 [0.92-1.09] 0/29 0/113 0% improvement All studies 0% 1.00 [0.92-1.09] 0/29 0/113 0% improvement 1 remdesivir COVID-19 viral clearance result c19early.org/s Jan 2023 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.98 Favors remdesivir Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Gottlieb (DB RCT) 87% 0.13 [0.03-0.59] death/hosp. 2/279 15/283 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.0064 Early treatment 87% 0.13 [0.03-0.59] 2/279 15/283 87% improvement Wang (RCT) -9% 1.09 [0.54-2.18] death 22/158 10/78 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Spinner (RCT) 35% 0.65 [0.18-2.40] death 5/384 4/200 Beigel (RCT) 27% 0.73 [0.52-1.03] death 541 (n) 521 (n) SOLIDARITY (RCT) 5% 0.95 [0.81-1.11] death 301/2,743 303/2,708 Mahajan (RCT) -76% 1.76 [0.46-6.82] death 5/34 3/36 Barrat-Due (DB RCT) 0% 1.00 [0.20-4.60] death 3/37 4/53 DISCOVERY Ader (RCT) 6% 0.94 [0.59-1.45] death 34/414 37/418 CATCO Ali (RCT) 12% 0.88 [0.72-1.07] death 127/634 152/647 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.087 Late treatment 9% 0.91 [0.82-1.01] 497/4,945 513/4,661 9% improvement All studies 12% 0.88 [0.76-1.03] 499/5,224 528/4,944 12% improvement 9 remdesivir COVID-19 Randomized Controlled Trials c19early.org/s Jan 2023 Tau​2​ = 0.01, I​2​ = 21.5%, p = 0.11 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors remdesivir Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Wang (RCT) -9% 1.09 [0.54-2.18] 22/158 10/78 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Spinner (RCT) 35% 0.65 [0.18-2.40] 5/384 4/200 Beigel (RCT) 27% 0.73 [0.52-1.03] 541 (n) 521 (n) SOLIDARITY (RCT) 5% 0.95 [0.81-1.11] 301/2,743 303/2,708 Mahajan (RCT) -76% 1.76 [0.46-6.82] 5/34 3/36 Barrat-Due (DB RCT) 0% 1.00 [0.20-4.60] 3/37 4/53 DISCOVERY Ader (RCT) 6% 0.94 [0.59-1.45] 34/414 37/418 CATCO Ali (RCT) 12% 0.88 [0.72-1.07] 127/634 152/647 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.087 Late treatment 9% 0.91 [0.82-1.01] 497/4,945 513/4,661