Comprehensive evaluation of six interventions for hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A propensity score matching study

DOI record: { "DOI": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004", "ISSN": [ "1319-0164" ], "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004", "alternative-id": [ "S1319016423000348" ], "assertion": [ { "label": "This article is maintained by", "name": "publisher", "value": "Elsevier" }, { "label": "Article Title", "name": "articletitle", "value": "Comprehensive evaluation of six interventions for hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A propensity score matching study" }, { "label": "Journal Title", "name": "journaltitle", "value": "Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal" }, { "label": "CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version", "name": "articlelink", "value": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004" }, { "label": "Content Type", "name": "content_type", "value": "article" }, { "label": "Copyright", "name": "copyright", "value": "© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University." } ], "author": [ { "affiliation": [], "family": "Alshamrani", "given": "Ali A.", "sequence": "first" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Assiri", "given": "Ahmed M.", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Almohammed", "given": "Omar A.", "sequence": "additional" } ], "container-title": "Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal", "container-title-short": "Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal", "content-domain": { "crossmark-restriction": true, "domain": [ "elsevier.com", "sciencedirect.com" ] }, "created": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023, 2, 15 ] ], "date-time": "2023-02-15T17:07:11Z", "timestamp": 1676480831000 }, "deposited": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023, 2, 15 ] ], "date-time": "2023-02-15T17:07:34Z", "timestamp": 1676480854000 }, "indexed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023, 2, 16 ] ], "date-time": "2023-02-16T05:52:35Z", "timestamp": 1676526755170 }, "is-referenced-by-count": 0, "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023, 2 ] ] }, "language": "en", "license": [ { "URL": "https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/", "content-version": "tdm", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023, 2, 1 ] ], "date-time": "2023-02-01T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1675209600000 } }, { "URL": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/", "content-version": "vor", "delay-in-days": 11, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023, 2, 12 ] ], "date-time": "2023-02-12T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1676160000000 } } ], "link": [ { "URL": "https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1319016423000348?httpAccept=text/xml", "content-type": "text/xml", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "text-mining" }, { "URL": "https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1319016423000348?httpAccept=text/plain", "content-type": "text/plain", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "text-mining" } ], "member": "78", "original-title": [], "prefix": "10.1016", "published": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023, 2 ] ] }, "published-print": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023, 2 ] ] }, "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "reference": [ { "DOI": "10.3390/jcm11102818", "article-title": "Predictors of Poor Outcome among Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: A Nationally Representative Sample of the Saudi Arabian Population", "author": "Almutairi", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "2818", "issue": "10", "journal-title": "Journal of Clinical Medicine", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0005", "volume": "11", "year": "2022" }, { "DOI": "10.1056/NEJMoa2015294", "article-title": "Interferon Beta-1b and Lopinavir-Ritonavir for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome", "author": "Arabi", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "1645", "issue": "17", "journal-title": "N Engl J Med", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0010", "volume": "383", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1056/NEJMoa2007764", "article-title": "Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19 - Final Report", "author": "Beigel", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "1813", "issue": "19", "journal-title": "N Engl J Med", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0015", "volume": "383", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.cmi.2021.12.026", "article-title": "Efficacy of favipiravir in adults with mild COVID-19: a randomized, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled clinical trial", "author": "Bosaeed", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "602", "issue": "4", "journal-title": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0020", "volume": "28", "year": "2022" }, { "article-title": "The Effectiveness of Convalescent Plasma for the Treatment of Novel Corona Virus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis", "author": "Cao", "journal-title": "Front Med (Lausanne)", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0025", "volume": "8", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1172/JCI138003", "article-title": "The convalescent sera option for containing COVID-19", "author": "Casadevall", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "1545", "issue": "4", "journal-title": "J Clin Invest", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0030", "volume": "130", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.jcv.2004.03.003", "article-title": "In vitro susceptibility of 10 clinical isolates of SARS coronavirus to selected antiviral compounds", "author": "Chen", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "69", "issue": "1", "journal-title": "J Clin Virol", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0035", "volume": "31", "year": "2004" }, { "DOI": "10.1056/NEJMoa2023184", "article-title": "Repurposed Antiviral Drugs for Covid-19 - Interim WHO Solidarity Trial Results", "author": "Consortium", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "497", "issue": "6", "journal-title": "N Engl J Med", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0040", "volume": "384", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1080/20477724.2021.1936818", "article-title": "Hydroxychloroquine and mortality in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and a meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized controlled trials", "author": "Di Castelnuovo", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "456", "issue": "7–8", "journal-title": "Pathog Glob Health", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0045", "volume": "115", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1128/AAC.01897-20", "article-title": "A Prospective, Randomized, Open-Label Trial of Early versus Late Favipiravir Therapy in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19", "author": "Doi", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "issue": "12", "journal-title": "Antimicrob Agents Chemother", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0050", "volume": "64", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1002/rmv.2187", "article-title": "Efficacy and safety of remdesivir in hospitalized Covid-19 patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis including network meta-analysis", "author": "Elsawah", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "e2187", "issue": "4", "journal-title": "Rev Med Virol", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0055", "volume": "31", "year": "2021" }, { "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0060", "unstructured": "FDA, 2020. Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Issues Emergency Use Authorization for Potential COVID-19 Treatment. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-issues-emergency-use-authorization-potential-covid-19-treatment" }, { "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0065", "unstructured": "FDA, 2021a. FDA Authorizes Baricitinib Alone as Treatment for COVID-19 - Drug Information Update. https://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/USFDA/bulletins/2ea74e3" }, { "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0070", "unstructured": "FDA, 2021b. FDA Authorizes Tocilizumab for Treatment of COVID-19 https://www.fda.gov/media/150319/download." }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105949", "article-title": "Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial", "author": "Gautret", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "issue": "1", "journal-title": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0075", "volume": "56", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1056/NEJMoa2012410", "article-title": "Observational Study of Hydroxychloroquine in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19", "author": "Geleris", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "2411", "issue": "25", "journal-title": "N Engl J Med", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0080", "volume": "382", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1038/s41467-021-23469-2", "article-title": "Effects of potent neutralizing antibodies from convalescent plasma in patients hospitalized for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection", "author": "Gharbharan", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "3189", "issue": "1", "journal-title": "Nat Commun", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0085", "volume": "12", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1056/NEJMoa2015301", "article-title": "Remdesivir for 5 or 10 Days in Patients with Severe Covid-19", "author": "Goldman", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "1827", "issue": "19", "journal-title": "N Engl J Med", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0090", "volume": "383", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1056/NEJMoa2007016", "article-title": "Compassionate Use of Remdesivir for Patients with Severe Covid-19", "author": "Grein", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "2327", "issue": "24", "journal-title": "N Engl J Med", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0095", "volume": "382", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1056/NEJMoa2021436", "article-title": "Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19", "author": "Group", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "693", "issue": "8", "journal-title": "N Engl J Med", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0100", "volume": "384", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1186/s13613-021-00820-w", "article-title": "Intensive care management of patients with COVID-19: a practical approach", "author": "Hajjar", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "36", "issue": "1", "journal-title": "Ann Intensive Care", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0105", "volume": "11", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106947", "article-title": "Drug repurposing and cytokine management in response to COVID-19: A review", "author": "Heimfarth", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "journal-title": "Int Immunopharmacol", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0110", "volume": "88", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1111/bcp.14784", "article-title": "Dexamethasone use and mortality in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A multicentre retrospective observational study", "author": "Hoertel", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "3766", "issue": "10", "journal-title": "Br J Clin Pharmacol", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0115", "volume": "87", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31042-4", "article-title": "Triple combination of interferon beta-1b, lopinavir-ritonavir, and ribavirin in the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19: an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial", "author": "Hung", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "1695", "issue": "10238", "journal-title": "Lancet", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0120", "volume": "395", "year": "2020" }, { "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0125", "unstructured": "SAS Institute Inc. (2016). The PSMATCH procedure. In SAS/STAT® 14.2 User’s Guide. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC." }, { "DOI": "10.1093/cid/ciaa1176", "article-title": "AVIFAVIR for Treatment of Patients With Moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Interim Results of a Phase II/III Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial", "author": "Ivashchenko", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "531", "issue": "3", "journal-title": "Clin Infect Dis", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0130", "volume": "73", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1001/jama.2021.2747", "article-title": "Association of Convalescent Plasma Treatment With Clinical Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis", "author": "Janiaud", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "1185", "issue": "12", "journal-title": "JAMA", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0135", "volume": "325", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.02.008", "article-title": "The Effect of Convalescent Plasma Therapy on Mortality Among Patients With COVID-19: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis", "author": "Klassen", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "1262", "issue": "5", "journal-title": "Mayo Clin Proc", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0140", "volume": "96", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1111/eci.13663", "article-title": "CONVALESCENT plasma for COVID-19: A meta-analysis of clinical trials and real-world evidence", "author": "Kloypan", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "e13663", "issue": "11", "journal-title": "Eur J Clin Invest", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0145", "volume": "51", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1111/jcpt.13305", "article-title": "Observational study of the effects of Favipiravir vs Lopinavir/Ritonavir on clinical outcomes in critically Ill patients with COVID-19", "author": "Kocayigit", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "454", "issue": "2", "journal-title": "J Clin Pharm Ther", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0150", "volume": "46", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1056/NEJMsr2105280", "article-title": "SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Vaccines", "author": "Krause", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "179", "issue": "2", "journal-title": "N Engl J Med", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0155", "volume": "385", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1001/jama.2020.10044", "article-title": "Effect of Convalescent Plasma Therapy on Time to Clinical Improvement in Patients With Severe and Life-threatening COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial", "author": "Li", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "460", "issue": "5", "journal-title": "JAMA", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0160", "volume": "324", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1038/s41421-020-0156-0", "article-title": "Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro", "author": "Liu", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "16", "journal-title": "Cell Discov", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0165", "volume": "6", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.14336/AD.2020.0502", "article-title": "Comorbid Chronic Diseases are Strongly Correlated with Disease Severity among COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis", "author": "Liu", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "668", "issue": "3", "journal-title": "Aging Dis", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0170", "volume": "11", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1038/s41392-021-00521-7", "article-title": "Efficacy and safety of systematic corticosteroids among severe COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials", "author": "Ma", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "83", "issue": "1", "journal-title": "Signal Transduct Target Ther", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0175", "volume": "6", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1371/journal.pone.0252984", "article-title": "Combination of (interferon beta-1b, lopinavir/ritonavir and ribavirin) versus favipiravir in hospitalized patients with non-critical COVID-19: A cohort study", "author": "Malhani", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "e0252984", "issue": "6", "journal-title": "PLoS One", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0180", "volume": "16", "year": "2021" }, { "article-title": "Efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine as pre-and post-exposure prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials", "author": "Martins-Filho", "journal-title": "Lancet Reg Health Am", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0185", "volume": "2", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100709", "article-title": "Clinical efficacy of chloroquine derivatives in COVID-19 infection: comparative meta-analysis between the big data and the real world", "author": "Million", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "journal-title": "New Microbes New Infect", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0190", "volume": "38", "year": "2020" }, { "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0195", "unstructured": "Saudi MoH, 2020. Saudi MoH Protocol for Patients Suspected of/Confirmed with COVID-19 (Version 2.0)." }, { "DOI": "10.1007/s41237-018-0058-8", "article-title": "Propensity score methods for causal inference: an overview", "author": "Pan", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "317", "issue": "2", "journal-title": "Behaviormetrika", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0200", "volume": "45", "year": "2018" }, { "DOI": "10.1056/NEJMoa2031304", "article-title": "A Randomized Trial of Convalescent Plasma in Covid-19 Severe Pneumonia", "author": "Simonovich, V. A., Burgos Pratx, L. D., Scibona, P., Beruto, M. V., Vallone, M. G., Vazquez, C., Savoy, N., Giunta, D. H., Perez, L. G., Sanchez, M. D. L., Gamarnik, A. V., Ojeda, D. S., Santoro, D. M., Camino, P. J., Antelo, S., Rainero, K., Vidiella, G. P., Miyazaki, E. A., Cornistein, W., Trabadelo, O. A., Ross, F. M., Spotti, M., Funtowicz, G., Scordo, W. E., Losso, M. H., Ferniot, I., Pardo, P. E., Rodriguez, E., Rucci, P., Pasquali, J., Fuentes, N. A., Esperatti, M., Speroni, G. A., Nannini, E. C., Matteaccio, A., Michelangelo, H. G., Follmann, D., Lane, H. C., Belloso, W. H., & PlasmAr Study, G", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "619", "issue": "7", "journal-title": "N Engl J Med", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0205", "volume": "384", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1007/s43440-020-00155-6", "article-title": "Drug repurposing approach to fight COVID-19", "author": "Singh", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "1479", "issue": "6", "journal-title": "Pharmacol Rep", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0210", "volume": "72", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.bja.2021.07.033", "article-title": "Convalescent plasma for COVID-19: a meta-analysis, trial sequential analysis, and meta-regression", "author": "Snow", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "834", "issue": "6", "journal-title": "Br J Anaesth", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0215", "volume": "127", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1001/jama.2020.16349", "article-title": "Effect of Remdesivir vs Standard Care on Clinical Status at 11 Days in Patients With Moderate COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial", "author": "Spinner", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "1048", "issue": "11", "journal-title": "JAMA", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0220", "volume": "324", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1038/s41577-020-0311-8", "article-title": "The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention", "author": "Tay", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "363", "issue": "6", "journal-title": "Nat Rev Immunol", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0225", "volume": "20", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1001/jama.2020.17021", "article-title": "Effect of Dexamethasone on Days Alive and Ventilator-Free in Patients With Moderate or Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and COVID-19: The CoDEX Randomized Clinical Trial", "author": "Tomazini", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "1307", "issue": "13", "journal-title": "JAMA", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0230", "volume": "324", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1002/jmv.26635", "article-title": "Corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients requiring oxygen support? Yes, but not for everyone: Effect of corticosteroids on mortality and intensive care unit admission in patients with COVID-19 according to patients' oxygen requirements", "author": "Tortajada", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "1817", "issue": "3", "journal-title": "J Med Virol", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0235", "volume": "93", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.47331", "article-title": "Association of Convalescent Plasma Treatment With Clinical Status in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19: A Meta-analysis", "author": "Troxel", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "e2147331", "issue": "1", "journal-title": "JAMA Netw Open", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0240", "volume": "5", "year": "2022" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.ijid.2020.11.142", "article-title": "Efficacy and safety of favipiravir, an oral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor, in mild-to-moderate COVID-19: A randomized, comparative, open-label, multicenter, phase 3 clinical trial", "author": "Udwadia", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "62", "journal-title": "Int J Infect Dis", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0245", "volume": "103", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1007/s11739-021-02800-1", "article-title": "High-dose dexamethasone treatment for COVID-19 severe acute respiratory distress syndrome: a retrospective study", "author": "Vecchie", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "1913", "issue": "7", "journal-title": "Intern Emerg Med", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0250", "volume": "16", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1038/s41422-020-0282-0", "article-title": "Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro", "author": "Wang", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "269", "issue": "3", "journal-title": "Cell Res", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0255", "volume": "30", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31022-9", "article-title": "Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial", "author": "Wang", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "1569", "issue": "10236", "journal-title": "Lancet", "key": "10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.004_b0260", "volume": "395", "year": "2020" } ], "reference-count": 52, "references-count": 52, "relation": {}, "resource": { "primary": { "URL": "https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1319016423000348" } }, "score": 1, "short-title": [], "source": "Crossref", "subject": [ "Pharmaceutical Science", "Pharmacology" ], "subtitle": [], "title": "Comprehensive evaluation of six interventions for hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A propensity score matching study", "type": "journal-article", "update-policy": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/elsevier_cm_policy" }