Apr 25 |
Vitamin B12 for COVID-19: real-time meta analysis of 4 studies | |
| Meta analysis using the most serious outcome reported shows 30% [5‑48%] lower risk. No treatment or intervention is 100% effective. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. Multipl.. | ||
Nov 30 2023 |
et al., NCT04751669 | Efficacy of Micronutrient Dietary Supplementation in Reducing Hospital Admissions for COVID-19: A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial |
| Estimated 300 patient vitamin B12 early treatment RCT with results expected soon (estimated completion over 4 months ago). | ||
Nov 15 2023 |
et al., Microorganisms, doi:10.3390/microorganisms11112777 | Potent Antiviral Activity of Vitamin B12 against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, and Human Coronavirus 229E |
| In Vitro and In Silico analysis finding that methylcobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, and cyanocobalamin forms of vitamin B12 showed broad-spectrum inhibition against SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and HCoV-229E. Methylcobalamin had the highest activity.. | ||
Sep 14 2023 |
et al., Health Science Reports, doi:10.1002/hsr2.1509 | Vitamin B12 effectiveness in the management of hospitalized COVID‐19 and its clinical outcomes and complications: A randomized clinical trial |
| 75% lower ICU admission (p=0.34) and 1% longer hospitalization (p=0.97). Small RCT 34 hospitalized patients in Iran showing improved imflammatory markers and lower ICU admission with vitamin B12 treatment, without statistical significance. There was no mortality. | ||
Jun 20 2023 |
et al., Explore, doi:10.1016/j.explore.2023.06.009 | Melatonin, vitamins and minerals supplements for the treatment of Covid-19 and Covid-like illness: a prospective, randomized, double-blind multicenter study. |
| 67% improved recovery (p=0.32). RCT 164 low-risk (no hospitalizations) patients in Tunisia, showing improved recovery with zinc, melatonin, and vitamins A-E. This study includes COVID-19 and COVID-like illness, with 49% of 128 patients receiving a PCR test being COVID-1.. | ||
May 27 2022 |
et al., Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu14112254 | Suboptimal Consumption of Relevant Immune System Micronutrients Is Associated with a Worse Impact of COVID-19 in Spanish Populations |
| Ecological study in Spain, showing lower intake of vitamin D, A, B9, and zinc in regions with the highest COVID-19 incidence and mortality. Vitamin D intake was associated with lower prevalence, incidence, and a combined incidence+mortali.. | ||
Apr 26 2022 |
et al., International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 14:5 | The Effect of Vitamin B12, Magnesium and Vitamin D in COVID-19 among Geriatric Patients |
| 87% lower ICU admission (p=0.09) and 38% shorter hospitalization (p<0.0001). Prospective study of 30 patients treated with vitamin D, magnesium, and vitamin B12, and 25 control patients, showing shorter hospitalization and lower oxygen and ICU requirements with treatment. Cholecalciferol 1000IU, magnesium oxide 15.. | ||
Apr 20 2022 |
et al., Informatics in Medicine Unlocked, doi:10.1016/j.imu.2022.100951 | Unravelling Vitamin B12 as a potential inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2: A computational approach |
| In Silico study showing significant interaction with SARS-CoV-2 targets for multiple vitamins. | ||
Feb 28 2022 |
et al., Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, doi:10.17305/bjbms.2021.7009 | The impact of vitamin and mineral supplements usage prior to COVID-19 infection on disease severity and hospitalization |
| 24% lower hospitalization (p=0.15) and 27% lower severe cases (p=0.06). Retrospective 2,148 COVID-19 recovered patients in Jordan, showing lower risk of severity and hospitalization with vitamin B12 prophylaxis, without statistical significance. | ||
Feb 5 2022 |
et al., Nutrition Reviews, doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuab092 | The role of vitamin B12 in viral infections: a comprehensive review of its relationship with the muscle–gut–brain axis and implications for SARS-CoV-2 infection |
| Review of the benefits of vitamin B12 for viral infections, including immune modulation, metabolic effects, and symptom relief, summary of previous research, and implications for use with COVID-19. | ||
Aug 18 2021 |
et al., Journal of Medical Virology, doi:10.1002/jmv.27277 | Evaluation of the relationship between serum levels of zinc, vitamin B12, vitamin D, and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 |
| Retrospective 293 hospitalized patients in Iran showing lower levels of zinc, vitamin B12, and vitamin D in patients that died, with statistical significance reached only for zinc. | ||
Feb 28 2021 |
et al., Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, doi:10.1002/cpt.2376 (date from preprint) | DrugWAS: Drug‐wide Association Studies for COVID‐19 Drug Repurposing |
| 34% lower mortality (p=0.3), 35% lower ventilation (p=0.26), 16% lower ICU admission (p=0.61), and 10% lower hospitalization (p=0.6). Retrospective 9,748 COVID-19 patients in the USA showing lower risk with vitamin B12 use, without statistical significance. | ||
Dec 16 2020 |
et al., Heart & Lung, doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.10.010 | Clinical course of COVID-19 patients treated with ECMO: A multicenter study in Daegu, South Korea |
| 78% improved recovery (p=0.04). Retrospective 19 COVID-19 ECMO patients in South Korea, showing a higher rate of weaning from ECMO with vitamin B12 treatment, without statistical significance. Authors perform multivariate analysis but do not provide full results, only r.. | ||
Sep 8 2020 |
et al., Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu12092738 | Current State of Evidence: Influence of Nutritional and Nutrigenetic Factors on Immunity in the COVID-19 Pandemic Framework |
| Ecological study of European countries analyzing 10 vitamins and minerals endorsed by the European Food Safety Authority as having sufficient evidence for a causal relationship between intake and optimal immune system function: vitamins D.. | ||
Jun 30 2020 |
et al., Life Sciences, doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117627 | Virtual screening and repurposing of FDA approved drugs against COVID-19 main protease |
| In Silico study of 1,500 FDA-approved drugs finding that vitamin B12 had strong binding affinity with SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, and may be beneficial for COVID-19 treatment. | ||
Jun 10 2020 |
et al., Nutrition, doi:10.1016/j.nut.2020.111017 (date from preprint) | Cohort study to evaluate the effect of combination Vitamin D, Magnesium and Vitamin B12 (DMB) on progression to severe outcome in older COVID-19 patients |
| 80% lower need for oxygen therapy (p=0.04) and 81% lower ICU admission (p=0.07). Observational study of 43 patients >= 50 years old, with 17 patients receiving vitamin D, magnesium, and vitamin B12 (DMB); and 26 control patients, showing a significantly lower need for oxygen therapy and ICU admission with treatment. D.. | ||
Oct 1 2009 |
, EFSA Journal, doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1223 | Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to vitamin B12 and red blood cell formation (ID 92, 101), cell division (ID 93), energy-yielding metabolism (ID 99, 190) and function of the immune system (ID 107) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 |
| European Food Safety Administration review concluding that there is a causal relationship between the intake of vitamin B12 and immune system function. | ||
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