Vitamin B12 effectiveness in the management of hospitalized COVID‐19 and its clinical outcomes and complications: A randomized clinical trial

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2023, 9, 15]], 'date-time': '2023-09-15T15:14:37Z', 'timestamp': 1694790877058}, 'reference-count': 29, 'publisher': 'Wiley', 'issue': '9', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 9, 14]], 'date-time': '2023-09-14T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1694649600000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 13, 'URL': 'http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['onlinelibrary.wiley.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': True}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2023, 9]]}, 'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and ' 'Aims</jats:title><jats:p>Since 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has ' 'spread and challenged the health care system for treatment which is mainly limited to ' 'supportive care. It is well‐established that malnutrition impedes the immunity in human ' 'bodies, and makes it vulnerable to microorganisms. Vitamin B12 is one of the agents that has ' 'critical roles in body systems. Thus, the following clinical trial was conducted to assess ' 'its possible therapeutic value in COVID‐19 ' 'patients.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method</jats:title><jats:p>The present ' 'randomized clinical trial was carried out in Baharlou Hospital, and patients with confirmed ' 'COVID‐19 infection within 24\u2009h of admission were included. We used quadruple blocks ' 'randomization to divide patients into groups of case and control. The case group received ' '1000\u2009mg of vitamin B12, daily for 7 day while the patients in control group were ' 'administered distilled water as placebo. The studied outcomes were duration of ' 'hospitalization, need for intensive care unit (ICU), mechanical ventilation, mortality rate ' 'and laboratory findings. The statistical analysis was done via SPSS version ' '22.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>After implementing ' 'inclusion and exclusion criteria, 34 participants were included in the study, 20 of which ' 'were male. Serum levels of creatinine, LDH (Lactate dehydrogenase), Ferritin, and CRP ' '(C‐reactive protein) had decreased in both groups. The improving changes of CRP, LDH, ' 'ferritin and creatinine was higher in case group. The increase of Alanine Transaminase and ' 'D‐dimer was higher in control group. however there was no statistically significant ' 'difference. More patients were admitted to ICU in the control group but the difference was ' 'not statistically significant. Duration of hospitalization did not differ statistically ' 'between the groups. No in hospital mortality has been ' 'recorded.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>Our study ' 'suggests that vitamin B12 supplementation seem to have curative effect in COVID‐19. ' 'Nutritious diet is necessary for proper functioning of the immune system. Since malnutrition ' 'is associated with poor prognosis in COVID‐19 patients, and limited number of participants in ' 'this study, we suggest performing meta‐analysis on similar studies to reach reliable ' 'result.</jats:p></jats:sec>', 'DOI': '10.1002/hsr2.1509', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2023, 9, 14]], 'date-time': '2023-09-14T13:31:17Z', 'timestamp': 1694698277000}, 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crossmark_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Vitamin B12 effectiveness in the management of hospitalized COVID‐19 and its clinical outcomes ' 'and complications: A randomized clinical trial', 'prefix': '10.1002', 'volume': '6', 'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7071-5103', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Zahra', 'family': 'Erfani', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran ' 'Iran'}]}, { 'given': 'Nafiseh', 'family': 'Alizadeh', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Baharlou Hospital Research Center Tehran University of Medical ' 'Sciences Tehran Iran'}, { 'name': 'Pharmaceutical Care Department Baharlou Hospital Tehran ' 'University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9599-4575', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Neda', 'family': 'Faraji', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran ' 'Iran'}, { 'name': 'Baharlou Hospital Research Center Tehran University of Medical ' 'Sciences Tehran Iran'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6739-1876', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Alireza', 'family': 'Teymouri', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran ' 'Iran'}]}], 'member': '311', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2023, 9, 14]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_2_1', 'first-page': '20', 'article-title': 'Covid‐19 pandemic: from origins to outcomes. A comprehensive review of ' 'viral pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation, and ' 'management', 'volume': '29', 'author': 'Ochani R', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Infez Med'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_3_1', 'unstructured': 'World Health Organization.WHO coronavirus (COVID-19) ' 'dashboard.https://covid19.who.int'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_4_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.30574/gscbps.2020.11.3.0155'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_5_1', 'first-page': '1211', 'article-title': 'Factors associated with mortality in COVID‐19 patients: A systematic ' 'review and meta‐analysis', 'volume': '49', 'author': 'Sepandi M', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Iran J Public Health'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_6_1', 'first-page': '63', 'article-title': 'Lactate dehydrogenase to albumin ratio as a predictive factor of ' "COVID‐19 patients' outcome; a cross‐sectional study", 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Alizadeh N', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Arch Acad Emerg Med'}, {'key': 'e_1_2_11_7_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.3390/ijerph18052772'}, {'key': 'e_1_2_11_8_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1017/S000711452000330X'}, {'key': 'e_1_2_11_9_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu13061924'}, {'key': 'e_1_2_11_10_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu12102956'}, {'key': 'e_1_2_11_11_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu12092738'}, {'key': 'e_1_2_11_12_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu12113377'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_13_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110374'}, {'key': 'e_1_2_11_14_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1002/jmv.27277'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_15_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': "KienA WeeH. COVID‐19's toll on the elderly and those with diabetes " 'mellitus—is vitamin B12 deficiency an accomplice? 2020.', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110374'}, {'key': 'e_1_2_11_16_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.35454/rncm.v4n1.187'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_17_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'BourBourF DahkaSM GholamalizadehM et al. Nutrients in prevention ' 'treatment and management of viral infections; special focus on ' 'Coronavirus.2020.', 'DOI': '10.1080/13813455.2020.1791188'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_18_1', 'first-page': '167', 'article-title': 'Vitamin B 12 deficiency', 'volume': '69', 'author': 'Robert C', 'year': '2003', 'journal-title': 'Va Med Mon (1918)'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_19_1', 'unstructured': 'FathizadehH AfsharS MasoudiMR et al.SARS‐CoV‐2 (Covid‐19) vaccines ' 'structure mechanisms and effectiveness: a review.Int J Biol ' 'Macromol.2021.'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_20_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_21_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'AzimiS FaramarziE SarbakhshP OstadrahimiA SomiMH GhayourM. Folate and ' 'vitamin B12 status and their relation to hematological indices in ' 'healthy adults of Iranians: Azar cohort study. ' '2018.doi:10.1177/0260106018815392', 'DOI': '10.1177/0260106018815392'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_22_1', 'first-page': '623', 'article-title': 'Vitamin B 12 deficiency and increased susceptibility and severity of ' 'Covid‐19: a review', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Anwar S', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Int J Creat Res Thoughts'}, {'key': 'e_1_2_11_23_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu12123679'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_24_1', 'first-page': '1', 'article-title': 'Cohort study to evaluate the effect of vitamin D, magnesium, and ' 'vitamin B12 in combination on progression to severe outcomes in older ' 'patients with coronavirus (COVID‐19)', 'volume': '79', 'author': 'Tan CW', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Nutrition'}, {'key': 'e_1_2_11_25_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41430-020-0642-3'}, {'key': 'e_1_2_11_26_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu13072276'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_27_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41430-020-00757-6'}, {'key': 'e_1_2_11_28_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1017/S0007114522003075'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_29_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1177/0310057X0903700215'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_11_30_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1007/s15010-022-01774-2'}], 'container-title': 'Health Science Reports', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/hsr2.1509', 'content-type': 'unspecified', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 9, 14]], 'date-time': '2023-09-14T13:31:26Z', 'timestamp': 1694698286000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hsr2.1509'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2023, 9]]}, 'references-count': 29, 'journal-issue': {'issue': '9', 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2023, 9]]}}, 'alternative-id': ['10.1002/hsr2.1509'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.1509', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['2398-8835', '2398-8835'], 'subject': ['General Medicine'], 'container-title-short': 'Health Science Reports', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2023, 9]]}, 'assertion': [ { 'value': '2023-04-06', 'order': 0, 'name': 'received', 'label': 'Received', 'group': {'name': 'publication_history', 'label': 'Publication History'}}, { 'value': '2023-08-07', 'order': 1, 'name': 'accepted', 'label': 'Accepted', 'group': {'name': 'publication_history', 'label': 'Publication History'}}, { 'value': '2023-09-14', 'order': 2, 'name': 'published', 'label': 'Published', 'group': {'name': 'publication_history', 'label': 'Publication History'}}]}