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Outcomes in COVID-19 NaCl studies

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All studies   Mortality   Hospitalization   Serious outcomes   Recovery   Viral clearance   RCTs   RCT mortality   Peer-reviewed   All outcomes  
0 0.5 1 1.5+ All studies 41% 7 986 Improvement, Studies, Patients Relative Risk Mortality 26% 1 94 Hospitalization 12% 2 138 Recovery 25% 3 166 Viral clearance 39% 2 463 RCTs 39% 6 926 Early 53% 5 861 Late 27% 2 125 NaCl for COVID-19 c19early.org May 2025 FavorsNaCl Favorscontrol
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Chalageri (RCT) -200% 3.00 [0.13-69.5] hosp. 1/20 0/20 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Bonn 72% 0.28 [0.06-1.26] viral load 30 (n) 30 (n) Short term viral Lin (RCT) 25% 0.75 [0.53-1.07] viral+ 204 (n) 199 (n) Tanni (RCT) 75% 0.25 [0.01-6.02] hosp. 0/65 1/33 Jing (DB RCT) 71% 0.29 [0.17-0.50] OGD 14/120 56/140 OGD Tau​2​ = 0.29, I​2​ = 62.4%, p = 0.036 Early treatment 53% 0.47 [0.23-0.95] 15/439 57/422 53% lower risk Kimura (RCT) 29% 0.71 [0.45-1.14] recov. time 14 (n) 17 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Delić (RCT) 26% 0.74 [0.53-1.03] death 22/42 37/52 Intubated patients Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.023 Late treatment 27% 0.73 [0.55-0.96] 22/56 37/69 27% lower risk All studies 41% 0.59 [0.42-0.84] 37/495 94/491 41% lower risk 7 NaCl COVID-19 studies c19early.org May 2025 Tau​2​ = 0.09, I​2​ = 51.9%, p = 0.003 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors NaCl Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Delić (RCT) 26% 0.74 [0.53-1.03] 22/42 37/52 Intubated patients Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.074 Late treatment 26% 0.74 [0.53-1.03] 22/42 37/52 26% lower risk All studies 26% 0.74 [0.53-1.03] 22/42 37/52 26% lower risk 1 NaCl COVID-19 mortality result c19early.org May 2025 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.074 Favors NaCl Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Chalageri (RCT) -200% 3.00 [0.13-69.5] hosp. 1/20 0/20 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tanni (RCT) 75% 0.25 [0.01-6.02] hosp. 0/65 1/33 Tau​2​ = 0.47, I​2​ = 15.4%, p = 0.92 Early treatment 12% 0.88 [0.08-9.95] 1/85 1/53 12% lower risk All studies 12% 0.88 [0.08-9.95] 1/85 1/53 12% lower risk 2 NaCl COVID-19 hospitalization results c19early.org May 2025 Tau​2​ = 0.47, I​2​ = 15.4%, p = 0.92 Favors NaCl Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Chalageri (RCT) -200% 3.00 [0.13-69.5] hosp. 1/20 0/20 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tanni (RCT) 75% 0.25 [0.01-6.02] hosp. 0/65 1/33 Jing (DB RCT) 71% 0.29 [0.17-0.50] OGD 14/120 56/140 OGD Tau​2​ = 0.05, I​2​ = 3.4%, p = 0.00067 Early treatment 68% 0.32 [0.17-0.62] 15/205 57/193 68% lower risk Delić (RCT) 26% 0.74 [0.53-1.03] death 22/42 37/52 Intubated patients Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.074 Late treatment 26% 0.74 [0.53-1.03] 22/42 37/52 26% lower risk All studies 49% 0.51 [0.23-1.13] 37/247 94/245 49% lower risk 4 NaCl COVID-19 serious outcomes c19early.org May 2025 Tau​2​ = 0.32, I​2​ = 68.9%, p = 0.098 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors NaCl Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Chalageri (RCT) 43% 0.57 [0.42-0.78] no recov. 17 (n) 20 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tanni (RCT) -10% 1.10 [0.69-1.72] no recov. 65 (n) 33 (n) Tau​2​ = 0.17, I​2​ = 81.6%, p = 0.44 Early treatment 23% 0.77 [0.41-1.47] 82 (n) 53 (n) 23% lower risk Kimura (RCT) 29% 0.71 [0.45-1.14] recov. time 14 (n) 17 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.16 Late treatment 29% 0.71 [0.45-1.14] 14 (n) 17 (n) 29% lower risk All studies 25% 0.75 [0.51-1.10] 96 (n) 70 (n) 25% lower risk 3 NaCl COVID-19 recovery results c19early.org May 2025 Tau​2​ = 0.07, I​2​ = 63.3%, p = 0.14 Favors NaCl Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Bonn 72% 0.28 [0.06-1.26] viral load 30 (n) 30 (n) Short term viral Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Lin (RCT) 25% 0.75 [0.53-1.07] viral+ 204 (n) 199 (n) Tau​2​ = 0.17, I​2​ = 35.7%, p = 0.22 Early treatment 39% 0.61 [0.28-1.34] 234 (n) 229 (n) 39% lower risk All studies 39% 0.61 [0.28-1.34] 234 (n) 229 (n) 39% lower risk 2 NaCl COVID-19 viral clearance results c19early.org May 2025 Tau​2​ = 0.17, I​2​ = 35.7%, p = 0.22 Favors NaCl Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Chalageri (RCT) -200% 3.00 [0.13-69.5] hosp. 1/20 0/20 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Lin (RCT) 25% 0.75 [0.53-1.07] viral+ 204 (n) 199 (n) Tanni (RCT) 75% 0.25 [0.01-6.02] hosp. 0/65 1/33 Jing (DB RCT) 71% 0.29 [0.17-0.50] OGD 14/120 56/140 OGD Tau​2​ = 0.34, I​2​ = 69.4%, p = 0.11 Early treatment 48% 0.52 [0.23-1.16] 15/409 57/392 48% lower risk Kimura (RCT) 29% 0.71 [0.45-1.14] recov. time 14 (n) 17 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Delić (RCT) 26% 0.74 [0.53-1.03] death 22/42 37/52 Intubated patients Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.023 Late treatment 27% 0.73 [0.55-0.96] 22/56 37/69 27% lower risk All studies 39% 0.61 [0.43-0.87] 37/465 94/461 39% lower risk 6 NaCl COVID-19 Randomized Controlled Trials c19early.org May 2025 Tau​2​ = 0.09, I​2​ = 55.8%, p = 0.0071 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors NaCl Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Delić (RCT) 26% 0.74 [0.53-1.03] 22/42 37/52 Intubated patients Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.074 Late treatment 26% 0.74 [0.53-1.03] 22/42 37/52 26% lower risk All studies 26% 0.74 [0.53-1.03] 22/42 37/52 26% lower risk 1 NaCl COVID-19 RCT mortality result c19early.org May 2025 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.074 Favors NaCl Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Chalageri (RCT) -200% 3.00 [0.13-69.5] hosp. 1/20 0/20 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Bonn 72% 0.28 [0.06-1.26] viral load 30 (n) 30 (n) Short term viral Lin (RCT) 25% 0.75 [0.53-1.07] viral+ 204 (n) 199 (n) Tanni (RCT) 75% 0.25 [0.01-6.02] hosp. 0/65 1/33 Jing (DB RCT) 71% 0.29 [0.17-0.50] OGD 14/120 56/140 OGD Tau​2​ = 0.29, I​2​ = 62.4%, p = 0.036 Early treatment 53% 0.47 [0.23-0.95] 15/439 57/422 53% lower risk Kimura (RCT) 29% 0.71 [0.45-1.14] recov. time 14 (n) 17 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Delić (RCT) 26% 0.74 [0.53-1.03] death 22/42 37/52 Intubated patients Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.023 Late treatment 27% 0.73 [0.55-0.96] 22/56 37/69 27% lower risk All studies 41% 0.59 [0.42-0.84] 37/495 94/491 41% lower risk 7 NaCl COVID-19 peer reviewed studies c19early.org May 2025 Tau​2​ = 0.09, I​2​ = 51.9%, p = 0.003 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors NaCl Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Chalageri (RCT) -200% 3.00 [0.13-69.5] hosp. 1/20 0/20 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Chalageri (RCT) 43% 0.57 [0.42-0.78] no recov. 17 (n) 20 (n) Bonn 72% 0.28 [0.06-1.26] viral load 30 (n) 30 (n) Short term viral Bonn 71% 0.29 [0.01-12.1] viral load 30 (n) 30 (n) Short term viral Lin (RCT) 25% 0.75 [0.53-1.07] viral+ 204 (n) 199 (n) Lin (RCT) 21% 0.79 [0.65-0.96] viral+ 204 (n) 199 (n) Tanni (RCT) 75% 0.25 [0.01-6.02] hosp. 0/65 1/33 Tanni (RCT) -10% 1.10 [0.69-1.72] no recov. 65 (n) 33 (n) Tanni (RCT) 52% 0.48 [0.27-0.83] no recov. 65 (n) 33 (n) Tanni (RCT) 33% 0.67 [0.41-1.10] no recov. 65 (n) 33 (n) Tanni (RCT) 2% 0.98 [0.62-1.54] no recov. 65 (n) 33 (n) Tanni (RCT) -9% 1.09 [0.68-1.72] no recov. 65 (n) 33 (n) Jing (DB RCT) 71% 0.29 [0.17-0.50] OGD 14/120 56/140 OGD Jing (DB RCT) 97% 0.03 [0.00-0.57] severe case 0/120 15/140 Jing (DB RCT) 95% 0.05 [0.00-0.78] severe case 0/120 11/140 Jing (DB RCT) 93% 0.07 [0.01-0.62] severe case 0/120 7/140 Kimura (RCT) 29% 0.71 [0.45-1.14] recov. time 14 (n) 17 (n) Delić (RCT) 26% 0.74 [0.53-1.03] death 22/42 37/52 Intubated patients Delić (RCT) 32% 0.68 [0.44-1.04] death 17/42 31/52 Intubated patients NaCl COVID-19 outcomes c19early.org May 2025 Favors NaCl Favors control
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. IMA and WCH provide treatment protocols.
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