β-Coronaviruses Use Lysosomes for Egress Instead of the Biosynthetic Secretory Pathway
Sourish Ghosh, Teegan A Dellibovi-Ragheb, Adeline Kerviel, Eowyn Pak, Qi Qiu, Matthew Fisher, Peter M Takvorian, Christopher Bleck, Victor W Hsu, Anthony R Fehr, Stanley Perlman, Sooraj R Achar, Marco R Straus, Gary R Whittaker, Cornelis A M De Haan, John Kehrl, Grégoire Altan-Bonnet, Nihal Altan-Bonnet
Cell, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.039
b-Coronaviruses are a family of positive-strand enveloped RNA viruses that includes the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Much is known regarding their cellular entry and replication pathways, but their mode of egress remains uncertain. Using imaging methodologies and virus-specific reporters, we demonstrate that b-coronaviruses utilize lysosomal trafficking for egress rather than the biosynthetic secretory pathway more commonly used by other enveloped viruses. This unconventional egress is regulated by the Arf-like small GTPase Arl8b and can be blocked by the Rab7 GTPase competitive inhibitor CID1067700. Such non-lytic release of b-coronaviruses results in lysosome deacidification, inactivation of lysosomal degradation enzymes, and disruption of antigen presentation pathways. b-Coronavirus-induced exploitation of lysosomal organelles for egress provides insights into the cellular and immunological abnormalities observed in patients and suggests new therapeutic modalities.
STAR+METHODS Detailed methods are provided in the online version of this paper and include the following:
DECLARATION OF INTERESTS The authors declare no competing interests. 1 (A) Infected cells were treated with/without BFA at 8 h pi or 10 h pi. Supernatants collected at 14 h pi were reinoculated into new HeLa-mCC1a cells and TCID50/ml was calculated at 72 h .
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