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c19early.org
Phthalocyanine for COVID-19
4 studies with >5,000 patients
Serious outcome risk
Phthalocyanine
Control
Significantly lower risk for ICU, hospitalization, recovery, and viral clearance.
3 studies from 3 independent teams (all from the same country) show significant benefit.
COVID-19 Phthalocyanine studies · October 2026
Covid Analysis Phthalocyanine reduces COVID-19 risk: real-time meta-analysis of 4 studies (Version 3)
Significantly lower risk is seen for ICU admission, hospitalization, recovery, and viral clearance. 3 studies from 3 independent teams (all from the same country) show significant benefit. Meta-analysis using the most serious outcome repo..
Jun 18
2025
 Thangamani et al., World Academy of Sciences Journal, doi:10.3892/wasj.2025.366 Rinsing away the threat: Antiviral mouthwashes and their efficacy
Review of antiviral mouthwashes and their efficacy against respiratory viruses, focusing on SARS-CoV-2. Authors examine povidone-iodine (PVP-I), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), chlorhexidine (CHX), and phthalocyanine derivatives. PVP-I sh..
Feb 19
2024
 Brito-Reia et al., Current Oral Health Reports, doi:10.1007/s40496-024-00368-1 Antiviral Mechanism and Clinical Benefits of Mouthwash Active Against SARS-CoV-2
Review of antiviral mechanisms and clinical benefits of mouthwashes for SARS-CoV-2, including chlorhexidine (CHX), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), ethyl lauroyl arginate (ELA), hydrogen peroxide (HP), povidone-iodine (PVP-I), and anionic..
Jun 23
2023
 Colado Simão et al., German Medical Science GMS Publishing House, doi:10.3205/000321 Effect of phthalocyanine oral and nasal antiseptic solutions on the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19: a randomized controlled trial
51% improved viral clearance (p=0.008). RCT 75 patients in Brazil, showing significantly lower viral load with phthalocyanine mouthwash and nasal spray. The combination was more effective than mouthwash alone.
Jan 28
2022
 Akash et al., Frontiers in Drug Delivery, doi:10.3389/fddev.2023.1164671 (date from preprint) On a model-based approach to improve intranasal spray targeting for respiratory viral infections
Computational fluid dynamics study of nasal spray administration in 2 subjects showing 100x improvement in nasopharyngeal drug delivery using a new spray placement protocol. The study also found the optimal droplet size range for nasophar..
Dec 8
2021
 Poleti et al., Journal of Evidence-Based Dental Practice, doi:10.1016/j.jebdp.2022.101777 (date from preprint) Use of mouthwash and dentifrice containing antimicrobial phthalocyanine derivative for the reduction of clinical symptoms of COVID-19: A randomized triple-blinded clinical trial
29% improved recovery (p=0.02). RCT 500 patients in Brazil, showing improved recovery with a phthalocyanine derivative mouthwash and toothpaste. Toothbrushing for 2 minutes, three times per day, and gargling/rising (5ml) for one minute, three times a day, for 7 days.
Nov 15
2021
 Brito-Reia et al., German Medical Science GMS Publishing House, doi:10.3205/dgkh000426 (date from preprint) Population-based virucidal phthalocyanine gargling/rinsing protocol to reduce the risk of coronavirus disease-2019: a community trial
54% fewer cases (p=0.08). Comparison of two similar communities in Brazil, with one using a phthalocyanine derivative mouthwash, suggesting efficacy of the treatment in lowering COVID-19 cases. There was 54% lower risk of confirmed cases during the intervention in..
Oct 7
2021
 da Silva Santos et al., Scientific Reports, doi:10.1038/s41598-021-99013-5 Beneficial effects of a mouthwash containing an antiviral phthalocyanine derivative on the length of hospital stay for COVID-19: randomised trial
85% lower mortality (p=0.23), 92% lower ICU admission (p=0.02), and 54% lower hospitalization (p=0.03). RCT 41 patients in Brazil, 20 treated with a phthalocyanine derivative mouthwash, showing shorter hosptalization and lower ICU admission with treatment. One minute gargling/rinsing 5 times per day.