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Outcomes in COVID-19 paxlovid studies

Outcomes in paxlovid studies. Pfizer has denied access to Paxlovid for independent RCTs [Ledford]. The only non-Pfizer RCT shows no significant difference in outcomes [Liu]. [Hoertel] find that >50% of patients that died had a contraindication for Paxlovid. Retrospective studies that do not exclude contraindicated patients may significantly overestimate efficacy. Population studies often do not account for the different expected outcomes for the class of patients that seek out and receive early treatment.
0 0.5 1 1.5+ All studies 32% 30 69,108 Improvement, Studies, Patients Relative Risk Mortality 55% 15 49,529 Ventilation 8% 4 5,218 ICU admission 11% 5 4,778 Hospitalization 37% 12 47,038 Progression 24% 6 29,746 Recovery -4% 5 2,215 Cases 37% 1 1,971 Viral clearance 16% 11 4,025 RCTs 46% 4 5,465 RCT mortality 70% 3 3,494 Peer-reviewed 32% 21 39,339 Prophylaxis 37% 1 1,971 Early 38% 27 42,260 Late 28% 3 25,276 Paxlovid for COVID-19 c19early.org/pl Jun 2023 Favorspaxlovid Favorscontrol after exclusions
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ EPIC-HR Hammond (DB RCT) 96% 0.04 [0.00-0.68] death 0/1,039 12/1,046 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Wong (PSM) 66% 0.34 [0.23-0.50] death 890 (n) 890 (n) Yip (PSW) 19% 0.81 [0.47-1.39] death/ICU Arbel 65+ 79% 0.21 [0.05-0.82] death Arbel 40-64 -32% 1.32 [0.16-10.8] death Najjar-Debbiny 46% 0.54 [0.39-0.75] severe case population-based cohort Pfizer (DB RCT) 67% 0.33 [0.01-8.13] death 0/576 1/569 Shao 20% 0.80 [0.71-0.91] viral time 17 (n) 114 (n) OT​1 Li (ES) 79% 0.21 [0.15-0.28] viral+ 18/175 130/224 Lu 12% 0.88 [0.78-0.98] viral+ n/a n/a Ganatra (PSM) 95% 0.05 [0.00-0.81] death 0/1,130 10/1,130 Shao 20% 0.80 [0.71-0.91] viral time 17 (n) 114 (n) OT​1 Zhong 15% 0.85 [0.65-1.13] recov. time 106 (n) 36 (n) Zhou (PSM) 73% 0.27 [0.13-0.58] death 7/2,808 100/10,849 Wong (PSM) 66% 0.34 [0.22-0.52] death Schwartz (PSW) 50% 0.50 [0.41-0.61] death population-based cohort Pandit 1% 0.99 [0.83-1.17] no recov. n/a n/a Bajema (PSM) 58% 0.42 [0.26-0.67] death 20/1,587 48.6/1,587 Dryden-Peterson 71% 0.29 [0.12-0.71] death Zheng (PSW) -4% 1.04 [0.56-1.93] death/hosp. 4,836 (n) 2,847 (n) OT​1 Evans 41% 0.59 [0.36-0.97] death/hosp. 602 (n) 4,973 (n) Liu (RCT) 38% 0.62 [0.21-1.86] death 5/132 8/132 Durstenfeld (PSW) -14% 1.14 [0.83-1.54] PASC 57/353 176/1,258 LONG COVID Lewnard 84% 0.16 [0.03-0.81] death/ICU n/a n/a Yan 31% 0.69 [0.30-1.58] death 7/73 17/122 Patel (PSM) 20% 0.80 [0.67-0.95] PASC 1,004 (n) 1,004 (n) Li -51% 1.51 [1.11-2.05] recov. time 9 (n) 11 (n) Tau​2 = 0.11, I​2 = 84.8%, p < 0.0001 Early treatment 38% 0.62 [0.53-0.74] 114/15,354 502.6/26,906 38% improvement Li 32% 0.68 [0.47-0.98] viral+ 40/83 130/224 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Wan 28% 0.72 [0.62-0.84] death 541/6,604 2,541/17,283 Shao 29% 0.71 [0.44-1.14] death 280 (n) 802 (n) Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p < 0.0001 Late treatment 28% 0.72 [0.66-0.78] 581/6,967 2,671/18,309 28% improvement Pfizer (DB RCT) 37% 0.63 [0.40-1.00] cases 986 (n) 985 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.05 Prophylaxis 37% 0.63 [0.40-1.00] 0/986 0/985 37% improvement All studies 32% 0.68 [0.60-0.77] 695/23,307 3,173.6/46,200 32% improvement Paxlovid COVID-19 studies c19early.org/pl Jun 2023 Tau​2 = 0.06, I​2 = 79.5%, p < 0.0001 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) 1 OT: comparison with other treatment Favors paxlovid Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ EPIC-HR Hammond (DB RCT) 96% 0.04 [0.00-0.68] death 0/1,039 12/1,046 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Wong (PSM) 66% 0.34 [0.23-0.50] death 890 (n) 890 (n) Yip (PSW) 19% 0.81 [0.47-1.39] death/ICU Arbel 65+ 79% 0.21 [0.05-0.82] death Arbel 40-64 -32% 1.32 [0.16-10.8] death Najjar-Debbiny 46% 0.54 [0.39-0.75] severe case population-based cohort Pfizer (DB RCT) 67% 0.33 [0.01-8.13] death 0/576 1/569 Li (ES) 79% 0.21 [0.15-0.28] viral+ 18/175 130/224 Lu 12% 0.88 [0.78-0.98] viral+ n/a n/a Ganatra (PSM) 95% 0.05 [0.00-0.81] death 0/1,130 10/1,130 Zhong 15% 0.85 [0.65-1.13] recov. time 106 (n) 36 (n) Zhou (PSM) 73% 0.27 [0.13-0.58] death 7/2,808 100/10,849 Wong (PSM) 66% 0.34 [0.22-0.52] death Schwartz (PSW) 50% 0.50 [0.41-0.61] death population-based cohort Pandit 1% 0.99 [0.83-1.17] no recov. n/a n/a Bajema (PSM) 58% 0.42 [0.26-0.67] death 20/1,587 48.6/1,587 Dryden-Peterson 71% 0.29 [0.12-0.71] death Zheng (PSW) -4% 1.04 [0.56-1.93] death/hosp. 4,836 (n) 2,847 (n) OT​1 Evans 41% 0.59 [0.36-0.97] death/hosp. 602 (n) 4,973 (n) Liu (RCT) 38% 0.62 [0.21-1.86] death 5/132 8/132 Durstenfeld (PSW) -14% 1.14 [0.83-1.54] PASC 57/353 176/1,258 LONG COVID Lewnard 84% 0.16 [0.03-0.81] death/ICU n/a n/a Yan 31% 0.69 [0.30-1.58] death 7/73 17/122 Patel (PSM) 20% 0.80 [0.67-0.95] PASC 1,004 (n) 1,004 (n) Li -51% 1.51 [1.11-2.05] recov. time 9 (n) 11 (n) Tau​2 = 0.17, I​2 = 85.8%, p < 0.0001 Early treatment 41% 0.59 [0.48-0.72] 114/15,320 502.6/26,678 41% improvement Li 32% 0.68 [0.47-0.98] viral+ 40/83 130/224 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Wan 28% 0.72 [0.62-0.84] death 541/6,604 2,541/17,283 Shao 29% 0.71 [0.44-1.14] death 280 (n) 802 (n) Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p < 0.0001 Late treatment 28% 0.72 [0.66-0.78] 581/6,967 2,671/18,309 28% improvement Pfizer (DB RCT) 37% 0.63 [0.40-1.00] cases 986 (n) 985 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.05 Prophylaxis 37% 0.63 [0.40-1.00] 0/986 0/985 37% improvement All studies 34% 0.66 [0.57-0.76] 695/23,273 3,173.6/45,972 34% improvement Paxlovid COVID-19 studies after exclusions c19early.org/pl Jun 2023 Tau​2 = 0.08, I​2 = 80.7%, p < 0.0001 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) 1 OT: comparison with other treatment Favors paxlovid Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ EPIC-HR Hammond (DB RCT) 96% 0.04 [0.00-0.68] 0/1,039 12/1,046 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Wong (PSM) 66% 0.34 [0.23-0.50] 890 (n) 890 (n) Arbel 65+ 79% 0.21 [0.05-0.82] Arbel 40-64 -32% 1.32 [0.16-10.8] Pfizer (DB RCT) 67% 0.33 [0.01-8.13] 0/576 1/569 Ganatra (PSM) 95% 0.05 [0.00-0.81] 0/1,130 10/1,130 Zhou (PSM) 73% 0.27 [0.13-0.58] 7/2,808 100/10,849 Wong (PSM) 66% 0.34 [0.22-0.52] Schwartz (PSW) 50% 0.50 [0.41-0.61] population-based cohort Bajema (PSM) 58% 0.42 [0.26-0.67] 20/1,587 48.6/1,587 Dryden-Peterson 71% 0.29 [0.12-0.71] Liu (RCT) 38% 0.62 [0.21-1.86] 5/132 8/132 Yan 31% 0.69 [0.30-1.58] 7/73 17/122 Tau​2 = 0.03, I​2 = 27.6%, p < 0.0001 Early treatment 60% 0.40 [0.32-0.50] 39/8,235 196.6/16,325 60% improvement Wan 28% 0.72 [0.62-0.84] 541/6,604 2,541/17,283 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Shao 29% 0.71 [0.44-1.14] 280 (n) 802 (n) Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p < 0.0001 Late treatment 28% 0.72 [0.66-0.78] 541/6,884 2,541/18,085 28% improvement All studies 55% 0.45 [0.35-0.58] 580/15,119 2,737.6/34,410 55% improvement 15 paxlovid COVID-19 mortality results c19early.org/pl Jun 2023 Tau​2 = 0.11, I​2 = 74.1%, p < 0.0001 Favors paxlovid Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Wong (PSM) 3% 0.97 [0.31-3.03] 890 (n) 890 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Wong (PSM) 38% 0.62 [0.23-1.72] Bajema (PSM) 48% 0.52 [0.12-2.16] 3/1,587 5.8/1,587 Liu (RCT) -67% 1.67 [0.62-4.45] 10/132 6/132 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.77 Early treatment 8% 0.92 [0.53-1.58] 13/2,609 11.8/2,609 8% improvement All studies 8% 0.92 [0.53-1.58] 13/2,609 11.8/2,609 8% improvement 4 paxlovid COVID-19 mechanical ventilation results c19early.org/pl Jun 2023 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.77 Favors paxlovid Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Pfizer (DB RCT) 86% 0.14 [0.01-2.75] 0/576 3/569 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Wong (PSM) -58% 1.58 [0.95-2.63] Bajema (PSM) 56% 0.44 [0.21-0.92] 10/1,587 22.8/1,587 Liu (RCT) -10% 1.10 [0.56-2.12] 132 (n) 132 (n) Yan 14% 0.86 [0.52-1.43] 17/73 33/122 Tau​2 = 0.17, I​2 = 59.4%, p = 0.66 Early treatment 11% 0.89 [0.54-1.47] 27/2,368 58.8/2,410 11% improvement All studies 11% 0.89 [0.54-1.47] 27/2,368 58.8/2,410 11% improvement 5 paxlovid COVID-19 ICU results c19early.org/pl Jun 2023 Tau​2 = 0.17, I​2 = 59.4%, p = 0.66 Favors paxlovid Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ EPIC-HR Hammond (DB RCT) 88% 0.12 [0.06-0.26] hosp. 8/1,039 65/1,046 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Wong (PSM) 4% 0.96 [0.88-1.04] hosp. time 890 (n) 890 (n) Yip (PSW) 21% 0.79 [0.65-0.95] hosp. Arbel 65+ 73% 0.27 [0.15-0.49] hosp. Arbel 40-64 26% 0.74 [0.35-1.58] hosp. Ganatra (PSM) 56% 0.44 [0.21-0.91] hosp. 10/1,130 23/1,130 Zhou (PSM) 84% 0.16 [0.11-0.22] hosp. 34/2,808 752/10,849 Wong (PSM) 24% 0.76 [0.67-0.86] hosp. Bajema (PSM) 7% 0.93 [0.74-1.16] hosp. 180/1,587 194.2/1,587 Dryden-Peterson 40% 0.60 [0.44-0.81] hosp. Yan 9% 0.91 [0.84-0.99] hosp. time 73 (n) 122 (n) Tau​2 = 0.10, I​2 = 93.1%, p < 0.0001 Early treatment 41% 0.59 [0.46-0.74] 232/7,527 1,034.2/15,624 41% improvement Wan 24% 0.76 [0.70-0.82] hosp. 1,772/6,604 2,541/17,283 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p < 0.0001 Late treatment 24% 0.76 [0.70-0.82] 1,772/6,604 2,541/17,283 24% improvement All studies 37% 0.63 [0.53-0.75] 2,004/14,131 3,575.2/32,907 37% improvement 12 paxlovid COVID-19 hospitalization results c19early.org/pl Jun 2023 Tau​2 = 0.06, I​2 = 92.8%, p < 0.0001 Favors paxlovid Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ EPIC-HR Hammond (DB RCT) 96% 0.04 [0.00-0.68] death 0/1,039 12/1,046 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Wong (PSM) 66% 0.34 [0.23-0.50] death 890 (n) 890 (n) Yip (PSW) 19% 0.81 [0.47-1.39] death/ICU Arbel 65+ 79% 0.21 [0.05-0.82] death Arbel 40-64 -32% 1.32 [0.16-10.8] death Najjar-Debbiny 46% 0.54 [0.39-0.75] severe case population-based cohort Pfizer (DB RCT) 67% 0.33 [0.01-8.13] death 0/576 1/569 Ganatra (PSM) 95% 0.05 [0.00-0.81] death 0/1,130 10/1,130 Zhou (PSM) 73% 0.27 [0.13-0.58] death 7/2,808 100/10,849 Wong (PSM) 66% 0.34 [0.22-0.52] death Schwartz (PSW) 50% 0.50 [0.41-0.61] death population-based cohort Bajema (PSM) 58% 0.42 [0.26-0.67] death 20/1,587 48.6/1,587 Dryden-Peterson 71% 0.29 [0.12-0.71] death Zheng (PSW) -4% 1.04 [0.56-1.93] death/hosp. 4,836 (n) 2,847 (n) OT​1 Evans 41% 0.59 [0.36-0.97] death/hosp. 602 (n) 4,973 (n) Liu (RCT) 38% 0.62 [0.21-1.86] death 5/132 8/132 Durstenfeld (PSW) -14% 1.14 [0.83-1.54] PASC 57/353 176/1,258 LONG COVID Lewnard 84% 0.16 [0.03-0.81] death/ICU n/a n/a Yan 31% 0.69 [0.30-1.58] death 7/73 17/122 Patel (PSM) 20% 0.80 [0.67-0.95] PASC 1,004 (n) 1,004 (n) Tau​2 = 0.15, I​2 = 75.3%, p < 0.0001 Early treatment 47% 0.53 [0.42-0.66] 96/15,030 372.6/26,407 47% improvement Wan 28% 0.72 [0.62-0.84] death 541/6,604 2,541/17,283 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Shao 29% 0.71 [0.44-1.14] death 280 (n) 802 (n) Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p < 0.0001 Late treatment 28% 0.72 [0.66-0.78] 541/6,884 2,541/18,085 28% improvement All studies 44% 0.56 [0.47-0.68] 637/21,914 2,913.6/44,492 44% improvement 22 paxlovid COVID-19 serious outcomes c19early.org/pl Jun 2023 Tau​2 = 0.09, I​2 = 75.1%, p < 0.0001 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) 1 OT: comparison with other treatment Favors paxlovid Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ EPIC-HR Hammond (DB RCT) 21% 0.79 [0.69-0.90] recov. time 686 (n) 674 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Zhong 15% 0.85 [0.65-1.13] recov. time 106 (n) 36 (n) Pandit 1% 0.99 [0.83-1.17] no recov. n/a n/a Li -51% 1.51 [1.11-2.05] recov. time 9 (n) 11 (n) Tau​2 = 0.05, I​2 = 81.8%, p = 0.87 Early treatment 2% 0.98 [0.77-1.24] 0/801 0/721 2% improvement Shao -28% 1.28 [1.13-1.45] HRQoL 237 (n) 456 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p < 0.0001 Late treatment -28% 1.28 [1.13-1.45] 0/237 0/456 28% increased risk All studies -4% 1.04 [0.82-1.33] 0/1,038 0/1,177 4% increased risk 5 paxlovid COVID-19 recovery results c19early.org/pl Jun 2023 Tau​2 = 0.06, I​2 = 89.1%, p = 0.74 Favors paxlovid Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Pfizer (DB RCT) 37% 0.63 [0.40-1.00] cases 986 (n) 985 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.05 Prophylaxis 37% 0.63 [0.40-1.00] 0/986 0/985 37% improvement All studies 37% 0.63 [0.40-1.00] 0/986 0/985 37% improvement 1 paxlovid COVID-19 case result c19early.org/pl Jun 2023 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.05 Favors paxlovid Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ EPIC-HR Hammond (DB RCT) 12% 0.88 [0.83-0.93] viral load 529 (n) 526 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Wong (PSM) 28% 0.72 [0.56-0.93] viral+ 890 (n) 890 (n) Shao 20% 0.80 [0.71-0.91] viral time 17 (n) 114 (n) OT​1 Li (ES) 79% 0.21 [0.15-0.28] viral+ 18/175 130/224 Lu 12% 0.88 [0.78-0.98] viral+ n/a n/a Shao 20% 0.80 [0.71-0.91] viral time 17 (n) 114 (n) OT​1 Zhong 16% 0.84 [0.74-0.96] viral time 106 (n) 36 (n) Pandit 3% 0.97 [0.83-1.14] viral+ n/a n/a Liu (RCT) 5% 0.95 [0.85-1.07] viral time 132 (n) 132 (n) Yan 62% 0.38 [0.22-0.68] viral time 73 (n) 122 (n) Li 58% 0.42 [0.19-0.93] viral time 9 (n) 11 (n) Tau​2 = 0.02, I​2 = 83.2%, p < 0.0001 Early treatment 22% 0.78 [0.69-0.87] 18/1,948 130/2,169 22% improvement Li 32% 0.68 [0.47-0.98] viral+ 40/83 130/224 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.0025 Late treatment 32% 0.68 [0.47-0.98] 40/83 130/224 32% improvement All studies 16% 0.84 [0.78-0.90] 58/2,031 260/2,393 16% improvement 12 paxlovid COVID-19 viral clearance results c19early.org/pl Jun 2023 Tau​2 = 0.01, I​2 = 59.2%, p < 0.0001 1 OT: comparison with other treatment Favors paxlovid Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ EPIC-HR Hammond (DB RCT) 96% 0.04 [0.00-0.68] death 0/1,039 12/1,046 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Pfizer (DB RCT) 67% 0.33 [0.01-8.13] death 0/576 1/569 Liu (RCT) 38% 0.62 [0.21-1.86] death 5/132 8/132 Tau​2 = 0.82, I​2 = 37.2%, p = 0.13 Early treatment 70% 0.30 [0.06-1.46] 5/1,747 21/1,747 70% improvement Pfizer (DB RCT) 37% 0.63 [0.40-1.00] cases 986 (n) 985 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.05 Prophylaxis 37% 0.63 [0.40-1.00] 0/986 0/985 37% improvement All studies 46% 0.54 [0.29-1.01] 5/2,733 21/2,732 46% improvement 4 paxlovid COVID-19 Randomized Controlled Trials c19early.org/pl Jun 2023 Tau​2 = 0.10, I​2 = 18.7%, p = 0.054 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors paxlovid Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ EPIC-HR Hammond (DB RCT) 96% 0.04 [0.00-0.68] 0/1,039 12/1,046 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Pfizer (DB RCT) 67% 0.33 [0.01-8.13] 0/576 1/569 Liu (RCT) 38% 0.62 [0.21-1.86] 5/132 8/132 Tau​2 = 0.82, I​2 = 37.2%, p = 0.13 Early treatment 70% 0.30 [0.06-1.46] 5/1,747 21/1,747 70% improvement All studies 70% 0.30 [0.06-1.46] 5/1,747 21/1,747 70% improvement 3 paxlovid COVID-19 RCT mortality results c19early.org/pl Jun 2023 Tau​2 = 0.82, I​2 = 37.2%, p = 0.13 Favors paxlovid Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ EPIC-HR Hammond (DB RCT) 96% 0.04 [0.00-0.68] death 0/1,039 12/1,046 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Wong (PSM) 66% 0.34 [0.23-0.50] death 890 (n) 890 (n) Yip (PSW) 19% 0.81 [0.47-1.39] death/ICU Arbel 65+ 79% 0.21 [0.05-0.82] death Arbel 40-64 -32% 1.32 [0.16-10.8] death Najjar-Debbiny 46% 0.54 [0.39-0.75] severe case population-based cohort Li (ES) 79% 0.21 [0.15-0.28] viral+ 18/175 130/224 Lu 12% 0.88 [0.78-0.98] viral+ n/a n/a Ganatra (PSM) 95% 0.05 [0.00-0.81] death 0/1,130 10/1,130 Shao 20% 0.80 [0.71-0.91] viral time 17 (n) 114 (n) OT​1 Zhong 15% 0.85 [0.65-1.13] recov. time 106 (n) 36 (n) Wong (PSM) 66% 0.34 [0.22-0.52] death Dryden-Peterson 71% 0.29 [0.12-0.71] death Evans 41% 0.59 [0.36-0.97] death/hosp. 602 (n) 4,973 (n) Liu (RCT) 38% 0.62 [0.21-1.86] death 5/132 8/132 Durstenfeld (PSW) -14% 1.14 [0.83-1.54] PASC 57/353 176/1,258 LONG COVID Lewnard 84% 0.16 [0.03-0.81] death/ICU n/a n/a Yan 31% 0.69 [0.30-1.58] death 7/73 17/122 Li -51% 1.51 [1.11-2.05] recov. time 9 (n) 11 (n) Tau​2 = 0.16, I​2 = 85.2%, p < 0.0001 Early treatment 41% 0.59 [0.47-0.74] 87/4,526 353/9,936 41% improvement Li 32% 0.68 [0.47-0.98] viral+ 40/83 130/224 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Wan 28% 0.72 [0.62-0.84] death 541/6,604 2,541/17,283 Shao 29% 0.71 [0.44-1.14] death 280 (n) 802 (n) Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p < 0.0001 Late treatment 28% 0.72 [0.66-0.78] 581/6,967 2,671/18,309 28% improvement All studies 32% 0.68 [0.59-0.80] 668/11,493 3,024/28,245 32% improvement 22 paxlovid COVID-19 peer reviewed studies c19early.org/pl Jun 2023 Tau​2 = 0.07, I​2 = 78.4%, p < 0.0001 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) 1 OT: comparison with other treatment Favors paxlovid Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ EPIC-HR Hammond (DB RCT) 96% 0.04 [0.00-0.68] death 0/1,039 12/1,046 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control EPIC-HR Hammond (DB RCT) 95% 0.05 [0.00-0.89] death 0/697 9/682 EPIC-HR Hammond (DB RCT) 88% 0.12 [0.06-0.26] hosp. 8/1,039 65/1,046 EPIC-HR Hammond (DB RCT) 89% 0.11 [0.04-0.28] hosp. 5/697 44/682 EPIC-HR Hammond (DB RCT) -11% 1.11 [0.85-1.44] progression 686 (n) 674 (n) EPIC-HR Hammond (DB RCT) 21% 0.79 [0.69-0.90] recov. time 686 (n) 674 (n) EPIC-HR Hammond (DB RCT) 12% 0.88 [0.83-0.93] viral load 529 (n) 526 (n) EPIC-HR Hammond (DB RCT) 5% 0.95 [0.90-1.00] viral load 529 (n) 526 (n) Wong (PSM) 66% 0.34 [0.23-0.50]