Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Antihistamines
Azvudine
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
PPIs
Paxlovid
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
Top
Results
Abstract
All paxlovid studies
Meta analysis
 
Feedback
Home
next
study
previous
study
c19early.org COVID-19 treatment researchPaxlovidPaxlovid (more..)
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta
Antihistamines Meta
Azvudine Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Bromhexine Meta
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta PPIs Meta
Famotidine Meta Paxlovid Meta
Favipiravir Meta Quercetin Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Remdesivir Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Thermotherapy Meta
Ivermectin Meta

All Studies   All Outcomes       

Comparative effectiveness of combination therapy with nirmatrelvir–ritonavir and remdesivir versus monotherapy with remdesivir or nirmatrelvir–ritonavir in patients hospitalised with COVID-19: a target trial emulation study

Choi et al., The Lancet Infectious Diseases, doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0
Jul 2024  
  Post
  Facebook
Share
  Source   PDF   All Studies   Meta AnalysisMeta
Mortality 34% Improvement Relative Risk ICU admission 37% Ventilatory support 45% Paxlovid for COVID-19  Choi et al.  EARLY TREATMENT Is early treatment with paxlovid beneficial for COVID-19? Retrospective 4,540 patients in China (March - December 2022) Lower mortality (p=0.0064) and lower oxygen therapy (p=0.029) c19early.org Choi et al., The Lancet Infectious Dis.., Jul 2024 Favorspaxlovid Favorscontrol 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+
Target trial emulation study of 18,196 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Hong Kong showing significantly higher ICU admission and AKI with remdesivir + paxlovid compared with paxlovid alone, and lower mortality and ventilatory support with remdesivir + paxlovid compared with remdesivir alone. Patients were treated within 5 days of diagnosis, however the time from onset is not known.
Resistance. Variants may be resistant to paxlovid1-3. Use may promote the emergence of variants that weaken host immunity and potentially contribute to long COVID4.
Confounding by contraindication. Hoertel et al. find that over 50% of patients that died had a contraindication for the use of Paxlovid5. Retrospective studies that do not exclude contraindicated patients may significantly overestimate efficacy.
Black box warning. The FDA notes that "severe, life-threatening, and/or fatal adverse reactions due to drug interactions have been reported in patients treated with paxlovid"6.
AKI. Kamo et al. show significantly increased risk of acute kidney injury.
Study covers remdesivir and paxlovid.
risk of death, 34.0% lower, HR 0.66, p = 0.006, treatment 308, control 4,232, remdesivir+paxlovid vs. remdesivir, day 90.
risk of ICU admission, 37.0% lower, HR 0.63, p = 0.26, treatment 308, control 4,232, remdesivir+paxlovid vs. remdesivir, day 90.
ventilatory support, 45.0% lower, HR 0.55, p = 0.03, treatment 308, control 4,232, remdesivir+paxlovid vs. remdesivir, day 90.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Choi et al., 15 Jul 2024, retrospective, China, peer-reviewed, mean age 74.0, 8 authors, study period 16 March, 2022 - 31 December, 2022. Contact: ivanhung@hku.hk.
This PaperPaxlovidAll
Comparative effectiveness of combination therapy with nirmatrelvir–ritonavir and remdesivir versus monotherapy with remdesivir or nirmatrelvir–ritonavir in patients hospitalised with COVID-19: a target trial emulation study
Ming Hong Choi, Eric Yuk Fai Wan, Ian Chi Kei Wong, Esther Wai Yin Chan, Wing Ming Chu, Anthony Raymond Tam, Kwok Yung Yuen, Ivan Fan Ngai Hung
The Lancet Infectious Diseases, doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00353-0
Background Remdesivir (Veklury, Gilead Sciences, Foster
References
Ader, Bouscambert-Duchamp, Hites, Remdesivir plus standard of care versus standard of care alone for the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (DisCoVeRy): a phase 3, randomised, controlled, open-label trial, Lancet Infect Dis
Agarwal, Hunt, Stegemann, A living WHO guideline on drugs for COVID-19, BMJ
Aggarwal, Molina, Beaty, Real-world use of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in outpatients with COVID-19 during the era of omicron variants including BA.4 and BA.5 in Colorado, USA: a retrospective cohort study, Lancet Infect Dis
Beigel, Tomashek, Dodd, Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19-final report, N Engl J Med
Bhimraj, Morgan, Shumaker, Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines on the treatment and management of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Clin Infect Dis, doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa478
Chan, Lui, Wong, Safety profile and clinical and virological outcomes of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir treatment in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease and coronavirus disease 2019, Clin Infect Dis
Chesnaye, Stel, Tripepi, An introduction to inverse probability of treatment weighting in observational research, Clin Kidney J
Cianci, Massaro, Santis, Changes in lymphocyte subpopulations after remdesivir therapy for COVID-19: a brief report, Int J Mol Sci
Gentile, Foggia, Silvitelli, Sardanelli, Cattaneo et al., Optimizing COVID-19 treatment in immunocompromised patients: early combination therapy with remdesivir, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and sotrovimab, Virol J
Gidari, Sabbatini, Schiaroli, Synergistic activity of remdesivir-nirmatrelvir combination on a SARS-CoV-2 in vitro model and a case report, Viruses
Grundeis, Ansems, Dahms, Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19, Cochrane Database Syst Rev
Hammond, Leister-Tebbe, Gardner, Oral nirmatrelvir for high-risk, nonhospitalized adults with COVID-19, N Engl J Med
Jeong, Chokkakula, Min, Combination therapy with nirmatrelvir and molnupiravir improves the survival of SARS-CoV-2 infected mice, Antiviral Res
Kourjian, Rucevic, Berberich, HIV protease inhibitorinduced cathepsin modulation alters antigen processing and crosspresentation, J Immunol
Lai, Huang, Chui, Multimorbidity and adverse events of special interest associated with COVID-19 vaccines in Hong Kong, Nat Commun
Li, Liclican, Xu, Key metabolic enzymes involved in remdesivir activation in human lung cells, Antimicrob Agents Chemother
Liu, Pan, Zhang, Efficacy and safety of Paxlovid in severe adult patients with SARS-Cov-2 infection: a multicenter randomised controlled study, Lancet Reg Health West Pac
Mansournia, Nazemipour, Etminan, A practical guide to handling competing events in etiologic time-to-event studies, Glob Epidemiol
Marshall, Murthy, Diaz, A minimal common outcome measure set for COVID-19 clinical research, Lancet Infect Dis
Marzolini, Kuritzkes, Marra, Recommendations for the management of drug-drug interactions between the COVID-19 antiviral nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) and comedications, Clin Pharmacol Ther
Mikulska, Sepulcri, Dentone, Triple combination therapy with 2 antivirals and monoclonal antibodies for persistent or relapsed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in immunocompromised patients, Clin Infect Dis
Mozaffari, Chandak, Gottlieb, Remdesivir is associated with reduced mortality in COVID-19 patients requiring supplemental oxygen including invasive mechanical ventilation across SARS-CoV-2 variants, Open Forum Infect Dis
Pasquini, Toschi, Casadei, Dual combined antiviral treatment with remdesivir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in patients with impaired humoral immunity and persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection, Hematol Oncol
To, Sridhar, Chiu, Lessons learned 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 emergence leading to COVID-19 pandemic, Emerg Microbes Infect
Vanderweele, Ding, Sensitivity analysis in observational research: introducing the E-value, Ann Intern Med
Wan, Chui, Lai, Bell's palsy following vaccination with mRNA (BNT162b2) and inactivated (CoronaVac) SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: a case series and nested case-control study, Lancet Infect Dis
Wang, Sacramento, Jockusch, Combination of antiviral drugs inhibits SARS-CoV-2 polymerase and exonuclease and demonstrates COVID-19 therapeutic potential in viral cell culture, Commun Biol
Wang, Zhang, Du, Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial, Lancet
Wong, Jiang, Tang, Lam, Fung et al., Health services research in the public healthcare system in Hong Kong: an analysis of over 1 million antihypertensive prescriptions between 2004-2007 as an example of the potential and pitfalls of using routinely collected electronic patient data, BMC Health Serv Res
Wong, Root, Douglas, Cardiovascular outcomes associated with use of clarithromycin: population based study, BMJ
{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 7, 16]], 'date-time': '2024-07-16T00:22:31Z', 'timestamp': 1721089351019}, 'reference-count': 33, 'publisher': 'Elsevier BV', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 7, 1]], 'date-time': '2024-07-01T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1719792000000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 7, 1]], 'date-time': '2024-07-01T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1719792000000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 7, 1]], 'date-time': '2024-07-01T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1719792000000}, 'content-version': 'stm-asf', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-017'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 7, 1]], 'date-time': '2024-07-01T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1719792000000}, 'content-version': 'stm-asf', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-037'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 7, 1]], 'date-time': '2024-07-01T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1719792000000}, 'content-version': 'stm-asf', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-012'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 7, 1]], 'date-time': '2024-07-01T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1719792000000}, 'content-version': 'stm-asf', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-029'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 7, 1]], 'date-time': '2024-07-01T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1719792000000}, 'content-version': 'stm-asf', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-004'}], 'funder': [{'DOI': '10.13039/501100005847', 'name': 'HMRF', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher'}], 'content-domain': { 'domain': [ 'clinicalkey.fr', 'clinicalkey.jp', 'clinicalkey.es', 'clinicalkey.com.au', 'clinicalkey.com', 'em-consulte.com', 'thelancet.com', 'elsevier.com', 'sciencedirect.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': True}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2024, 7]]}, 'DOI': '10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00353-0', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2024, 7, 15]], 'date-time': '2024-07-15T22:32:52Z', 'timestamp': 1721082772000}, 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/elsevier_cm_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 1, 'title': 'Comparative effectiveness of combination therapy with nirmatrelvir–ritonavir and remdesivir ' 'versus monotherapy with remdesivir or nirmatrelvir–ritonavir in patients hospitalised with ' 'COVID-19: a target trial emulation study', 'prefix': '10.1016', 'author': [ {'given': 'Ming Hong', 'family': 'Choi', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Eric Yuk Fai', 'family': 'Wan', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Ian Chi Kei', 'family': 'Wong', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Esther Wai Yin', 'family': 'Chan', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Wing Ming', 'family': 'Chu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Anthony Raymond', 'family': 'Tam', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Kwok Yung', 'family': 'Yuen', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Ivan Fan Ngai', 'family': 'Hung', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '78', 'reference': [ { 'key': '10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0_bib2', 'series-title': 'Interim recommendation on clinical management of adult cases with ' 'coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)', 'year': '2022'}, { 'key': '10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0_bib3', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1813', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2007764', 'article-title': 'Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19—final report', 'volume': '383', 'author': 'Beigel', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'key': '10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0_bib4', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1941', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00519-0', 'article-title': 'Remdesivir and three other drugs for hospitalised patients with ' 'COVID-19: final results of the WHO Solidarity randomised trial and ' 'updated meta-analyses', 'volume': '399', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'}, { 'key': '10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0_bib5', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1569', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31022-9', 'article-title': 'Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, ' 'placebo-controlled, multicentre trial', 'volume': '395', 'author': 'Wang', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'}, { 'key': '10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0_bib6', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1093/ofid/ofad482', 'article-title': 'Remdesivir is associated with reduced mortality in COVID-19 patients ' 'requiring supplemental oxygen including invasive mechanical ventilation ' 'across SARS-CoV-2 variants', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Mozaffari', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Open Forum Infect Dis'}, { 'key': '10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0_bib7', 'article-title': 'Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines on the treatment and ' 'management of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)', 'author': 'Bhimraj', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Clin Infect Dis'}, { 'key': '10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0_bib8', 'series-title': 'Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment guidelines', 'year': '2021'}, { 'key': '10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0_bib9', 'article-title': 'A living WHO guideline on drugs for COVID-19', 'volume': '370', 'author': 'Agarwal', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'BMJ'}, { 'key': '10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0_bib10', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1397', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2118542', 'article-title': 'Oral nirmatrelvir for high-risk, nonhospitalized adults with COVID-19', 'volume': '386', 'author': 'Hammond', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'key': '10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0_bib11', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.3390/v15071577', 'article-title': 'Synergistic activity of remdesivir–nirmatrelvir combination on a ' 'SARS-CoV-2 in vitro model and a case report', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'Gidari', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Viruses'}, { 'key': '10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0_bib12', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '301', 'DOI': '10.1186/s12985-023-02269-8', 'article-title': 'Optimizing COVID-19 treatment in immunocompromised patients: early ' 'combination therapy with remdesivir, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and ' 'sotrovimab', 'volume': '20', 'author': 'Gentile', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Virol J'}, { 'key': '10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0_bib13', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '280', 'DOI': '10.1093/cid/ciad181', 'article-title': 'Triple combination therapy with 2 antivirals and monoclonal antibodies ' 'for persistent or relapsed severe acute respiratory syndrome ' 'coronavirus 2 infection in immunocompromised patients', 'volume': '77', 'author': 'Mikulska', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Clin Infect Dis'}, { 'key': '10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0_bib14', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '904', 'DOI': '10.1002/hon.3206', 'article-title': 'Dual combined antiviral treatment with remdesivir and ' 'nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in patients with impaired humoral immunity and ' 'persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection', 'volume': '41', 'author': 'Pasquini', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Hematol Oncol'}, { 'key': '10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0_bib16', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '138', 'DOI': '10.1186/1472-6963-8-138', 'article-title': 'Health services research in the public healthcare system in Hong Kong: ' 'an analysis of over 1 million antihypertensive prescriptions between ' '2004–2007 as an example of the potential and pitfalls of using ' 'routinely collected electronic patient data', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'Wong', 'year': '2008', 'journal-title': 'BMC Health Serv Res'}, { 'key': '10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0_bib17', 'article-title': 'Cardiovascular outcomes associated with use of clarithromycin: ' 'population based study', 'volume': '352', 'author': 'Wong', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'BMJ'}, { 'key': '10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0_bib18', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '64', 'DOI': '10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00451-5', 'article-title': "Bell's palsy following vaccination with mRNA (BNT162b2) and inactivated " '(CoronaVac) SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: a case series and nested case-control ' 'study', 'volume': '22', 'author': 'Wan', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Infect Dis'}, { 'key': '10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0_bib19', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '411', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41467-022-28068-3', 'article-title': 'Multimorbidity and adverse events of special interest associated with ' 'COVID-19 vaccines in Hong Kong', 'volume': '13', 'author': 'Lai', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Nat Commun'}, { 'key': '10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0_bib20', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '14', 'DOI': '10.1093/ckj/sfab158', 'article-title': 'An introduction to inverse probability of treatment weighting in ' 'observational research', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'Chesnaye', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Clin Kidney J'}, { 'key': '10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0_bib21', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'e192', 'DOI': '10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30483-7', 'article-title': 'A minimal common outcome measure set for COVID-19 clinical research', 'volume': '20', 'author': 'Marshall', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Infect Dis'}, { 'key': '10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0_bib22', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '209', 'DOI': '10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00485-0', 'article-title': 'Remdesivir plus standard of care versus standard of care alone for the ' 'treatment of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (DisCoVeRy): a ' 'phase 3, randomised, controlled, open-label trial', 'volume': '22', 'author': 'Ader', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Infect Dis'}, { 'key': '10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0_bib23', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '696', 'DOI': '10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00011-7', 'article-title': 'Real-world use of nirmatrelvir–ritonavir in outpatients with COVID-19 ' 'during the era of omicron variants including BA.4 and BA.5 in Colorado, ' 'USA: a retrospective cohort study', 'volume': '23', 'author': 'Aggarwal', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Infect Dis'}, { 'key': '10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0_bib24', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '268', 'DOI': '10.7326/M16-2607', 'article-title': 'Sensitivity analysis in observational research: introducing the E-value', 'volume': '167', 'author': 'VanderWeele', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'Ann Intern Med'}, { 'key': '10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0_bib25', 'article-title': 'Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19', 'volume': '1', 'author': 'Grundeis', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Cochrane Database Syst Rev'}, { 'key': '10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0_bib26', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '507', 'DOI': '10.1080/22221751.2021.1898291', 'article-title': 'Lessons learned 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 emergence leading to COVID-19 ' 'pandemic', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'To', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Emerg Microbes Infect'}, { 'key': '10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0_bib27', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.3390/ijms241914973', 'article-title': 'Changes in lymphocyte subpopulations after remdesivir therapy for ' 'COVID-19: a brief report', 'volume': '24', 'author': 'Cianci', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Int J Mol Sci'}, { 'key': '10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0_bib28', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1128/AAC.00602-21', 'article-title': 'Key metabolic enzymes involved in remdesivir activation in human lung ' 'cells', 'volume': '65', 'author': 'Li', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Antimicrob Agents Chemother'}, { 'key': '10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0_bib29', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '3595', 'DOI': '10.4049/jimmunol.1600055', 'article-title': 'HIV protease inhibitor-induced cathepsin modulation alters antigen ' 'processing and cross-presentation', 'volume': '196', 'author': 'Kourjian', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'J Immunol'}, { 'key': '10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0_bib30', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105430', 'article-title': 'Combination therapy with nirmatrelvir and molnupiravir improves the ' 'survival of SARS-CoV-2 infected mice', 'volume': '208', 'author': 'Jeong', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Antiviral Res'}, { 'key': '10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0_bib31', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '154', 'DOI': '10.1038/s42003-022-03101-9', 'article-title': 'Combination of antiviral drugs inhibits SARS-CoV-2 polymerase and ' 'exonuclease and demonstrates COVID-19 therapeutic potential in viral ' 'cell culture', 'volume': '5', 'author': 'Wang', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Commun Biol'}, { 'key': '10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0_bib32', 'first-page': '1', 'article-title': 'Efficacy and safety of Paxlovid in severe adult patients with ' 'SARS-Cov-2 infection: a multicenter randomised controlled study', 'volume': '33', 'author': 'Liu', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Reg Health West Pac'}, { 'key': '10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0_bib33', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1406', 'DOI': '10.1093/cid/ciad371', 'article-title': 'Safety profile and clinical and virological outcomes of ' 'nirmatrelvir–ritonavir treatment in patients with advanced chronic ' 'kidney disease and coronavirus disease 2019', 'volume': '77', 'author': 'Chan', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Clin Infect Dis'}, { 'key': '10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0_bib34', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1191', 'DOI': '10.1002/cpt.2646', 'article-title': 'Recommendations for the management of drug–drug interactions between ' 'the COVID-19 antiviral nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) and ' 'comedications', 'volume': '112', 'author': 'Marzolini', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Clin Pharmacol Ther'}, { 'key': '10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0_bib35', 'article-title': 'A practical guide to handling competing events in etiologic ' 'time-to-event studies', 'volume': '4', 'author': 'Mansournia', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Glob Epidemiol'}], 'container-title': 'The Lancet Infectious Diseases', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1473309924003530?httpAccept=text/xml', 'content-type': 'text/xml', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1473309924003530?httpAccept=text/plain', 'content-type': 'text/plain', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 7, 15]], 'date-time': '2024-07-15T22:33:13Z', 'timestamp': 1721082793000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1473309924003530'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2024, 7]]}, 'references-count': 33, 'alternative-id': ['S1473309924003530'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['1473-3099'], 'subject': [], 'container-title-short': 'The Lancet Infectious Diseases', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2024, 7]]}, 'assertion': [ {'value': 'Elsevier', 'name': 'publisher', 'label': 'This article is maintained by'}, { 'value': 'Comparative effectiveness of combination therapy with nirmatrelvir–ritonavir ' 'and remdesivir versus monotherapy with remdesivir or nirmatrelvir–ritonavir in ' 'patients hospitalised with COVID-19: a target trial emulation study', 'name': 'articletitle', 'label': 'Article Title'}, { 'value': 'The Lancet Infectious Diseases', 'name': 'journaltitle', 'label': 'Journal Title'}, { 'value': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00353-0', 'name': 'articlelink', 'label': 'CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version'}, { 'value': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00407-9', 'name': 'associatedlink', 'label': 'CrossRef DOI link to the associated document'}, {'value': 'article', 'name': 'content_type', 'label': 'Content Type'}, { 'value': '© 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data ' 'mining, AI training, and similar technologies.', 'name': 'copyright', 'label': 'Copyright'}]}
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit