COVID-19 treatment protocols
Countries adopted very different treatment protocols for COVID-19.
Some countries preferred novel high-profit treatments, while others also used many
low-cost treatments. Low-cost non-prescription treatments can greatly increase treatment—especially early treatment—due to lower barriers to access, and research shows
complementary and synergistic benefits with many treatments1-17.
The plot shows the average efficacy and cost of approved treatments in
each country. Actual usage varied significantly from official protocols in many regions.
Top countries by population are shown where space precludes showing all country names.
Country approval details. Submit updates.
References
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Jeffreys et al., Remdesivir-ivermectin combination displays synergistic interaction with improved in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2022.106542.
Ostrov et al., Highly Specific Sigma Receptor Ligands Exhibit Anti-Viral Properties in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Cells, Pathogens, doi:10.3390/pathogens10111514.
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Said et al., The effect of Nigella sativa and vitamin D3 supplementation on the clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients: A randomized controlled clinical trial, Frontiers in Pharmacology, doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.1011522.
Fiaschi et al., In Vitro Combinatorial Activity of Direct Acting Antivirals and Monoclonal Antibodies against the Ancestral B.1 and BQ.1.1 SARS-CoV-2 Viral Variants, Viruses, doi:10.3390/v16020168.
Xing et al., Published anti-SARS-CoV-2 in vitro hits share common mechanisms of action that synergize with antivirals, Briefings in Bioinformatics, doi:10.1093/bib/bbab249.
Chen et al., Synergistic Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Replication Using Disulfiram/Ebselen and Remdesivir, ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science, doi:10.1021/acsptsci.1c00022.
Hempel et al., Synergistic inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 cell entry by otamixaban and covalent protease inhibitors: pre-clinical assessment of pharmacological and molecular properties, Chemical Science, doi:10.1039/D1SC01494C.
Schultz et al., Pyrimidine inhibitors synergize with nucleoside analogues to block SARS-CoV-2, Nature, doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04482-x.
Ohashi et al., Potential anti-COVID-19 agents, cepharanthine and nelfinavir, and their usage for combination treatment, iScience, doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.102367.