Verapamil: meta-analysis of COVID-19 studies

0 0.5 1 1.5+ All studies 0% 1 144 Improvement, Studies, Patients Relative Risk Mortality 0% 1 144 Ventilation -17% 1 144 RCTs 0% 1 144 Late 0% 1 144 Verapamil for COVID-19 c19early.org December 2025 Favorsverapamil Favorscontrol
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ RECOVERY-SIRIO Navarese (RCT) 0% 1.00 [0.21-4.79] death 3/72 3/72 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 1. Late treatment 0% 1.00 [0.21-4.79] 3/72 3/72 no change All studies 0% 1.00 [0.21-4.79] 3/72 3/72 no change 1 verapamil COVID-19 study c19early.org December 2025 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 1. Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors verapamil Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ RECOVERY-SIRIO Navarese (RCT) 0% 1.00 [0.21-4.79] 3/72 3/72 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 1. Late treatment 0% 1.00 [0.21-4.79] 3/72 3/72 no change All studies 0% 1.00 [0.21-4.79] 3/72 3/72 no change 1 verapamil COVID-19 mortality result c19early.org December 2025 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 1. Favors verapamil Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ RECOVERY-SIRIO Navarese (RCT) -17% 1.17 [0.41-3.30] 7/72 6/72 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.78 Late treatment -17% 1.17 [0.41-3.30] 7/72 6/72 17% higher risk All studies -17% 1.17 [0.41-3.30] 7/72 6/72 17% higher risk 1 verapamil COVID-19 mechanical ventilation result c19early.org December 2025 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.78 Favors verapamil Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ RECOVERY-SIRIO Navarese (RCT) 0% 1.00 [0.21-4.79] death 3/72 3/72 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 1. Late treatment 0% 1.00 [0.21-4.79] 3/72 3/72 no change All studies 0% 1.00 [0.21-4.79] 3/72 3/72 no change 1 verapamil COVID-19 serious outcome c19early.org December 2025 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 1. Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors verapamil Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ RECOVERY-SIRIO Navarese (RCT) -3% 1.03 [0.85-1.23] no recov. 72 (n) 72 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.8 Late treatment -3% 1.03 [0.85-1.23] 72 (n) 72 (n) 3% higher risk All studies -3% 1.03 [0.85-1.23] 72 (n) 72 (n) 3% higher risk 1 verapamil COVID-19 recovery result c19early.org December 2025 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.8 Favors verapamil Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ RECOVERY-SIRIO Navarese (RCT) 0% 1.00 [0.21-4.79] death 3/72 3/72 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 1. Late treatment 0% 1.00 [0.21-4.79] 3/72 3/72 no change All studies 0% 1.00 [0.21-4.79] 3/72 3/72 no change 1 verapamil COVID-19 Randomized Controlled Trial c19early.org December 2025 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 1. Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors verapamil Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ RECOVERY-SIRIO Navarese (RCT) 0% 1.00 [0.21-4.79] 3/72 3/72 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 1. Late treatment 0% 1.00 [0.21-4.79] 3/72 3/72 no change All studies 0% 1.00 [0.21-4.79] 3/72 3/72 no change 1 verapamil COVID-19 RCT mortality result c19early.org December 2025 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 1. Favors verapamil Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ RECOVERY-SIRIO Navarese (RCT) 0% 1.00 [0.21-4.79] death 3/72 3/72 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 1. Late treatment 0% 1.00 [0.21-4.79] 3/72 3/72 no change All studies 0% 1.00 [0.21-4.79] 3/72 3/72 no change 1 verapamil COVID-19 peer reviewed studies c19early.org December 2025 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 1. Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors verapamil Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ RECOVERY-SIRIO Navarese (RCT) 0% 1.00 [0.21-4.79] death 3/72 3/72 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control RECOVERY-SIRIO Navarese (RCT) -17% 1.17 [0.41-3.30] ventilation 7/72 6/72 RECOVERY-SIRIO Navarese (RCT) -3% 1.03 [0.85-1.23] no recov. 72 (n) 72 (n) Verapamil COVID-19 outcomes c19early.org December 2025 Favors verapamil Favors control