Conestat alfa: meta-analysis of COVID-19 studies

All studies Mortality Ventilation ICU Hospitalization Serious outcomes Recovery RCTs RCT mortality Peer-reviewed All outcomes

Outcome (studies)

Improvement

Relative risk · 95% CI

All studies (2)−14%

Mortality (2)−14%

Ventilation (2)17%

ICU admission (1)−141%

Hospitalization (1)52%

RCTs (2)−14%

RCT mortality (2)−14%

Peer-reviewed (1)−238%

Late (2)−14%

00.511.5+

← Conestat alfa
reduces riskIncreased
risk →

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c19early.org

October 2026

Conestat alfa COVID-19 studies

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Bernstein (SB RCT)78%0.22 · 0.01–5.13death0/271/11 Urwyler (RCT)−238%3.38 · 0.44–26.07death7/561/27PROTECT-COVID-19

Late treatment−14%1.14 · 0.08–15.397/832/3814% higher risk

Tau² = 1.86, I² = 50.5%, p = 0.93

All studies−14%1.14 · 0.08–15.397/832/3814% higher risk

Tau² = 1.86, I² = 50.5%, p = 0.9300.511.52+

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← Conestat alfa
reduces riskConestat alfa
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Conestat alfa COVID-19 mortality results

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CITreatmentControlRelative Risk

Bernstein (SB RCT)78%0.22 · 0.01–5.130/271/11 Urwyler (RCT)−238%3.38 · 0.44–26.077/561/27PROTECT-COVID-19

Late treatment−14%1.14 · 0.08–15.397/832/3814% higher risk

Tau² = 1.86, I² = 50.5%, p = 0.93

All studies−14%1.14 · 0.08–15.397/832/3814% higher risk

Tau² = 1.86, I² = 50.5%, p = 0.9300.511.52+

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← Conestat alfa
reduces riskConestat alfa
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Conestat alfa COVID-19 mechanical ventilation results

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CITreatmentControlRelative Risk

Bernstein (SB RCT)87%0.13 · 0.01–2.440/272/11 Urwyler (RCT)−286%3.86 · 0.51–29.308/561/27PROTECT-COVID-19

Late treatment17%0.83 · 0.03–23.338/833/3817% lower risk

Tau² = 4.17, I² = 71.3%, p = 0.92

All studies17%0.83 · 0.03–23.338/833/3817% lower risk

Tau² = 4.17, I² = 71.3%, p = 0.9200.511.52+

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← Conestat alfa
reduces riskConestat alfa
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Conestat alfa COVID-19 ICU results

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CITreatmentControlRelative Risk

Urwyler (RCT)−141%2.41 · 0.57–10.2510/562/27PROTECT-COVID-19

Late treatment−141%2.41 · 0.57–10.2510/562/27141% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.24

All studies−141%2.41 · 0.57–10.2510/562/27141% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.2400.511.52+

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← Conestat alfa
reduces riskConestat alfa
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Conestat alfa COVID-19 hospitalization results

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Bernstein (SB RCT)52%0.48 · 0.22–1.04hosp. time27 (n)11 (n)

Late treatment52%0.48 · 0.22–1.0427 (n)11 (n)52% lower risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.063

All studies52%0.48 · 0.22–1.0427 (n)11 (n)52% lower risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.06300.511.52+

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← Conestat alfa
reduces riskConestat alfa
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Conestat alfa COVID-19 serious outcomes

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Bernstein (SB RCT)78%0.22 · 0.01–5.13death0/271/11 Urwyler (RCT)−238%3.38 · 0.44–26.07death7/561/27PROTECT-COVID-19

Late treatment−14%1.14 · 0.08–15.397/832/3814% higher risk

Tau² = 1.86, I² = 50.5%, p = 0.93

All studies−14%1.14 · 0.08–15.397/832/3814% higher risk

Tau² = 1.86, I² = 50.5%, p = 0.9300.511.52+

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← Conestat alfa
reduces riskConestat alfa
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Conestat alfa COVID-19 recovery results

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Urwyler (RCT)−117%2.17 · 0.81–5.79no disch.18/564/27PROTECT-COVID-19

Late treatment−117%2.17 · 0.81–5.7918/564/27117% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.12

All studies−117%2.17 · 0.81–5.7918/564/27117% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.1200.511.52+

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← Conestat alfa
reduces riskConestat alfa
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Conestat alfa COVID-19 Randomized Controlled Trials

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Bernstein (SB RCT)78%0.22 · 0.01–5.13death0/271/11 Urwyler (RCT)−238%3.38 · 0.44–26.07death7/561/27PROTECT-COVID-19

Late treatment−14%1.14 · 0.08–15.397/832/3814% higher risk

Tau² = 1.86, I² = 50.5%, p = 0.93

All studies−14%1.14 · 0.08–15.397/832/3814% higher risk

Tau² = 1.86, I² = 50.5%, p = 0.9300.511.52+

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← Conestat alfa
reduces riskConestat alfa
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Conestat alfa COVID-19 RCT mortality results

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CITreatmentControlRelative Risk

Bernstein (SB RCT)78%0.22 · 0.01–5.130/271/11 Urwyler (RCT)−238%3.38 · 0.44–26.077/561/27PROTECT-COVID-19

Late treatment−14%1.14 · 0.08–15.397/832/3814% higher risk

Tau² = 1.86, I² = 50.5%, p = 0.93

All studies−14%1.14 · 0.08–15.397/832/3814% higher risk

Tau² = 1.86, I² = 50.5%, p = 0.9300.511.52+

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← Conestat alfa
reduces riskConestat alfa
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Conestat alfa COVID-19 peer reviewed studies

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Urwyler (RCT)−238%3.38 · 0.44–26.07death7/561/27PROTECT-COVID-19

Late treatment−238%3.38 · 0.44–26.077/561/27238% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.25

All studies−238%3.38 · 0.44–26.077/561/27238% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.2500.511.52+

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← Conestat alfa
reduces riskConestat alfa
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Conestat alfa COVID-19 outcomes

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Bernstein (SB RCT)78%0.22 · 0.01–5.13death0/271/11 Bernstein (SB RCT)87%0.13 · 0.01–2.44ventilation0/272/11 Bernstein (SB RCT)46%0.54 · 0.33–0.90progression12/279/11 Bernstein (SB RCT)52%0.48 · 0.22–1.04hosp. time27 (n)11 (n) Urwyler (RCT)−238%3.38 · 0.44–26.07death7/561/27PROTECT-COVID-19 Urwyler (RCT)−889%9.89 · 0.58–169death6/560/27PROTECT-COVID-19 Urwyler (RCT)−296%3.96 · 0.20–79.83death2/560/27PROTECT-COVID-19 Urwyler (RCT)−286%3.86 · 0.51–29.30ventilation8/561/27PROTECT-COVID-19 Urwyler (RCT)−141%2.41 · 0.57–10.25ICU10/562/27PROTECT-COVID-19 Urwyler (RCT)−117%2.17 · 0.81–5.79no disch.18/564/27PROTECT-COVID-19

00.511.52+

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← Conestat alfa
reduces riskConestat alfa
increases risk →