Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Azvudine
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
Paxlovid
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
Top
Meta analysis
 
Feedback
Home
c19early.org COVID-19 treatment researchAlkalinizationAlkalinization (more..)
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta
Azvudine Meta
Bromhexine Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Curcumin Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Famotidine Meta Paxlovid Meta
Favipiravir Meta Quercetin Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Remdesivir Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Thermotherapy Meta
Ivermectin Meta

    
  
Alkalinization for COVID-19
11 studies from 92 scientists
1,461 patients in 10 countries
Statistically significant lower risk for mortality, hospitalization, progression, recovery, and viral clearance.
9 studies from 8 independent teams in 8 countries show statistically significant improvements.
COVID-19 Alkalinization studies. Mar 2024. c19early.org
0 0.5 1 1.5+ All studies 49% Mortality 42% Hospitalization 40% Recovery 26% Cases 39% Viral clearance 41% RCTs 43% RCT mortality 22% Prophylaxis 45% Early 75% Late 43% Favorsalkalinization Favorscontrol
SARS-CoV-2 requires acidic pH for fusion Kreutzberger. Alkalinization of the respiratory mucosa may reduce risk. Treatments investigated to date typically use sodium bicarbonate. Recent:
de Gabory
Karami.
Submit updates/corrections.
Mar 16
Covid Analysis Alkalinization for COVID-19: real-time meta analysis of 11 studies
Statistically significant lower risk is seen for mortality, hospitalization, progression, recovery, and viral clearance. 9 studies from 8 independent teams in 8 countries show statistically significant improvements. Meta analysis using th..
Feb 20
de Gabory et al., European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, doi:10.1007/s00405-024-08518-y Seawater nasal wash to reduce symptom duration and viral load in COVID-19 and upper respiratory tract infections: a randomized controlled multicenter trial
75% lower progression (p<0.0001), 24% faster recovery (p=0.02), and 37% improved viral clearance (p=0.54). RCT 355 adults with COVID-19 or other upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). For COVID-19 patients there was lower progression and faster symptom resolution with alkaline seawater nasal wash (pH ~8) 4 times daily for 21 days. There w..
Jan 9
Karami et al., Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, doi:10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_38_23 A Comparison of the Effects of Chlorhexidine and Sodium Bicarbonate Mouthwashes on COVID-19–Related Symptoms
45% lower progression (p=0.14) and 39% fewer cases (p=0.16). RCT 116 healthcare workers comparing 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash (n=36), 7.5% sodium bicarbonate mouthwash (n=40), and placebo (n=40) twice daily for 2 weeks, with symptoms followed for 4 weeks. There were lower symtoms and cases in both..
Jul 3
2023
Pantazopoulos et al., Journal of Personalized Medicine, doi:10.3390/jpm13071093 A Hypertonic Seawater Nasal Irrigation Solution Containing Algal and Herbal Natural Ingredients Reduces Viral Load and SARS-CoV-2 Detection Time in the Nasal Cavity
42% improved viral clearance (p=0.04). RCT 56 severe COVID-19 patients, showing significantly decreased viral load with Sinomarin Plus Algae nasal irrigation. Sinomarin Plus Algae is a hypertonic seawater solution with algal and herbal natural ingredients with a pH of 7.5-8..
Mar 15
2023
Wang et al., Frontiers in Public Health, doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1145669 Efficacy of nasal irrigation and oral rinse with sodium bicarbonate solution on virus clearance for COVID-19 patients
39% shorter hospitalization (p=0.0009). RCT 55 mild/moderate patients in China, showing shorter hospitalization with sodium bicarbonate nasal irrigation and oral rinsing. Oral rinse with 5% sodium bicarbonate solution three times daily. Nasal irrigation two times with the solut..
Nov 18
2022
El-Badrawy et al., Research Square, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2214180/v1 A randomized controlled trial of adjuvant inhalable sodium bicarbonate role in treatment of COVID-19
23% lower mortality (p=0.26) and 28% faster recovery (p<0.0001). RCT 546 patients showing significantly faster recovery and lower mortality with sodium bicarbonate (inhaled and nasal drops). The reduction in mortality is only statistically significant when excluding baseline critical cases. Inhalation ..
Sep 30
2022
Kreutzberger et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, doi:10.1073/pnas.2209514119 SARS-CoV-2 requires acidic pH to infect cells
Real-time 3D single-virion tracking study showing that SARS-CoV-2 infection requires an acidic pH. Authors find the mean pH of the airway-facing surface of the nasal cavity to be 6.6, compatible with fusion. These results suggest a benefi..
Aug 25
2022
Baxter et al., Ear, Nose & Throat Journal, doi:10.1177/01455613221123737 Rapid initiation of nasal saline irrigation to reduce severity in high-risk COVID+ outpatients
Small RCT 79 PCR+ patients 55+ comparing pressure-based nasal irrigation with povidone-iodine and sodium bicarbonate, showing significantly lower hospitalization when compared with CDC data.
Jun 12
2022
El-Badrawy et al., Indian Journal of Respiratory Care, doi:10.4103/ijrc.ijrc_48_21 Role of Sodium Bicarbonate as Adjuvant Treatment of Nonsevere Computed Tomography-identified COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Preliminary Report
57% lower mortality (p=0.37), 39% lower progression (p=0.52), and 19% improved recovery (p=0.03). Prospective study of 182 COVID-19 pneumonia patients, 127 treated with sodium bicarbonate inhalation and nasal drops, showing significantly faster recovery and improved CT scores with treatment. Authors note that contacts of index cases a..
May 28
2022
Delić et al., Microorganisms, doi:10.3390/microorganisms10061118 Effects of Different Inhalation Therapy on Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Ventilated COVID-19 Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
20% lower mortality (p=0.3). RCT mechanically ventilated patients in Croatia, 42 treated with sodium bicarbonate inhalation, and 52 control patients, showing no significant difference in mortality with treatment. Treated patients showed a lower incidence of gram-posi..
Dec 29
2021
Soares et al., Brazilian Journal of Development, doi:10.34117/bjdv7n12-039 Preliminary observation of the use of sodium bicarbonate solution as an adjunct in the treatment of coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19): prognosis improvement in patients requiring intensive care
76% lower mortality (p=0.0001). Analysis of 76 ICU patients in Brazil, 44 treated with bronchoalveolar lavage using 3% sodium bicarbonate, showing significantly lower mortality with treatment. Bronchoalveolar lavage with 10ml of sodium bicarbonate solution directly into..
Nov 19
2021
Yilmaz et al., Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology, doi:10.1002/lio2.686 Effects of hypertonic alkaline nasal irrigation on COVID‐19
86% lower hospitalization (p=0.24) and 62% improved viral clearance (p=0.87). RCT 60 outpatients with mild COVID-19 showing improved viral clearance with hypertonic alkaline (pH 9.3) nasal irrigation. All patients received HCQ. The nasal irrigation group had no hospitalizations, while 3 patients in the control grou..
Aug 20
2021
Jimenez et al., Frontiers in Medicine, doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.637885 Acid pH Increases SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Risk of Death by COVID-19
In Vitro study showing lower pH increased ACE2 expression and viral load on SARS-CoV-2 infection, and retrospective study showing proton pump inhibitor use, which is correlated with low gastric pH-related diseases, was associated with hig..
Jul 7
2021
Mahto, M., Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine, doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23901 Gargling with 7.5% Sodium Bicarbonate Solution for SARS-CoV-2 Viremia Clearance: Our Institutional Clinical Experience
Report on 10 patients treated with sodium bicarbonate gargling, suggesting no significant improvements. There was no control group and gargling only, without inhalation or nasal spray/rinse.
Mar 19
2021
Mody, K., Acta Scientific Orthopaedics, 4:4 Effect of 8.4% Soda-Bicarbonate Steam Inhalation on the Course of Disease in Mild to Moderate Cases of Covid-19
64% greater improvement (p=0.0007). RCT 60 hospitalized patients in India, showing significantly greater clinical improvement with inhaled sodium bicarbonate. Nasal and oral inhalation of nebulized 50ml 8.4% sodium bicarbonate for 5 minutes twice daily for 5 days.
May 19
2020
Wardeh et al., Journal of Clinical Intensive Care and Medicine, doi:10.29328/journal.jcicm.1001029 Case reports of observed significant improvement in patients with ARDS due to COVID-19 and maximum ventilatory support after inhalation of sodium bicarbonate
Case series of four ventilated COVID-19 patients treated with sodium bicarbonate inhalation, all showing clinical and radiological improvement, with 2 patients extubated within 24-72 hours.
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Vaccines and treatments are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment, vaccine, or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Thanks for your feedback! Please search before submitting papers and note that studies are listed under the date they were first available, which may be the date of an earlier preprint.
Submit