Alkalinization COVID-19 studies. SARS-CoV-2 requires acidic pH for fusion [Kreutzberger]. Alkalinization of the respiratory mucosa may reduce risk. Treatments investigated to date typically use sodium bicarbonate.
Recent:Wang El-Badrawy Kreutzberger Wardeh Mody Mahto Jimenez.
Submit updates/corrections .
Jun 3 |
(Preprint) (meta analysis) | Alkalinization for COVID-19: real-time meta analysis of 7 studies |
| Statistically significant improvements are seen for mortality, hospitalization, and recovery. 6 studies from 5 independent teams in 5 different countries show statistically significant improvements in isolation (3 for the most serious o.. | ||
Mar 15 |
et al., Frontiers in Public Health, doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1145669 | Efficacy of nasal irrigation and oral rinse with sodium bicarbonate solution on virus clearance for COVID-19 patients |
| 39% shorter hospitalization [p=0.0009]. RCT 55 mild/moderate patients in China, showing shorter hospitalization with sodium bicarbonate nasal irrigation and oral rinsing. Oral rinse with 5% sodium bicarbonate solution three times daily. Nasal irrigation two times with the solut.. | ||
Nov 18 |
et al., Research Square, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2214180/v1 (Preprint) | A randomized controlled trial of adjuvant inhalable sodium bicarbonate role in treatment of COVID-19 |
| 23% lower mortality [p=0.26] and 28% faster recovery [p<0.0001]. RCT 546 patients showing significantly faster recovery and lower mortality with sodium bicarbonate (inhaled and nasal drops). The reduction in mortality is only statistically significant when excluding baseline critical cases. Inhalation .. | ||
Sep 30 |
et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, doi:10.1073/pnas.2209514119 (In Vitro) | SARS-CoV-2 requires acidic pH to infect cells |
| Real-time 3D single-virion tracking study showing that SARS-CoV-2 infection requires an acidic pH. Authors find the mean pH of the airway-facing surface of the nasal cavity to be 6.6, compatible with fusion. These results suggest a benefi.. | ||
Jun 12 |
et al., Indian Journal of Respiratory Care, doi:10.4103/ijrc.ijrc_48_21 | Role of Sodium Bicarbonate as Adjuvant Treatment of Nonsevere Computed Tomography-identified COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Preliminary Report |
| 57% lower mortality [p=0.37], 39% lower progression [p=0.52], and 19% improved recovery [p=0.03]. Prospective study of 182 COVID-19 pneumonia patients, 127 treated with sodium bicarbonate inhalation and nasal drops, showing significantly faster recovery and improved CT scores with treatment. Authors note that contacts of index cases a.. | ||
May 28 |
et al., Microorganisms, doi:10.3390/microorganisms10061118 | Effects of Different Inhalation Therapy on Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Ventilated COVID-19 Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
| 20% lower mortality [p=0.3]. RCT mechanically ventilated patients in Croatia, 42 treated with sodium bicarbonate inhalation, and 52 control patients, showing no significant difference in mortality with treatment. Treated patients showed a lower incidence of gram-posi.. | ||
Dec 29 2021 |
et al., Brazilian Journal of Development, doi:10.34117/bjdv7n12-039 | Preliminary observation of the use of sodium bicarbonate solution as an adjunct in the treatment of coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19): prognosis improvement in patients requiring intensive care |
| 76% lower mortality [p=0.0001]. Analysis of 76 ICU patients in Brazil, 44 treated with bronchoalveolar lavage using 3% sodium bicarbonate, showing significantly lower mortality with treatment. Bronchoalveolar lavage with 10ml of sodium bicarbonate solution directly into.. | ||
Aug 20 2021 |
et al., Frontiers in Medicine, doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.637885 | Acid pH Increases SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Risk of Death by COVID-19 |
| In Vitro study showing lower pH increased ACE2 expression and viral load on SARS-CoV-2 infection, and retrospective study showing proton pump inhibitor use, which is correlated with low gastric pH-related diseases, was associated with hig.. | ||
Aug 17 2021 |
et al., Ear, Nose & Throat Journal, doi:10.1177/01455613221123737 (date from earlier preprint) | Rapid initiation of nasal saline irrigation to reduce severity in high-risk COVID+ outpatients |
| Small RCT 79 PCR+ patients 55+ comparing pressure-based nasal irrigation with povidone-iodine and sodium bicarbonate, showing significantly lower hospitalization when compared with CDC data. | ||
Jul 7 2021 |
, M., Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine, doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23901 | Gargling with 7.5% Sodium Bicarbonate Solution for SARS-CoV-2 Viremia Clearance: Our Institutional Clinical Experience |
| Report on 10 patients treated with sodium bicarbonate gargling, suggesting no significant improvements. There was no control group and gargling only, without inhalation or nasal spray/drops. | ||
Mar 19 2021 |
, K., Acta Scientific Orthopaedics, 4:4 | Effect of 8.4% Soda-Bicarbonate Steam Inhalation on the Course of Disease in Mild to Moderate Cases of Covid-19 |
| 64% greater improvement [p=0.0007]. RCT 60 hospitalized patients in India, showing significantly greater clinical improvement with inhaled sodium bicarbonate. Nasal and oral inhalation of nebulized 50ml 8.4% sodium bicarbonate for 5 minutes twice daily for 5 days. | ||
May 19 2020 |
et al., Journal of Clinical Intensive Care and Medicine, doi:10.29328/journal.jcicm.1001029 | Case reports of observed significant improvement in patients with ARDS due to COVID-19 and maximum ventilatory support after inhalation of sodium bicarbonate |
| Case series of four ventilated COVID-19 patients treated with sodium bicarbonate inhalation, all showing clinical and radiological improvement, with 2 patients extubated within 24-72 hours. | ||
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. Vaccines and
treatments are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should
be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment, vaccine, or intervention
is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not
provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified
physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and
benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH
provide treatment protocols.
Thanks for your feedback! Please search before submitting papers and note
that studies are listed under the date they were first available, which may be
the date of an earlier preprint.