Outcomes in COVID-19 apremilast studies

All studies   Mortality   Serious outcomes   Recovery   RCTs   RCT mortality   Peer-reviewed   All outcomes  
0 0.5 1 1.5+ All studies -3% 2 594 Improvement, Studies, Patients Relative Risk Mortality -3% 2 594 Recovery -19% 2 594 RCTs -3% 2 594 RCT mortality -3% 2 594 Peer-reviewed -5% 1 210 Late -3% 2 594 Apremilast for COVID-19 c19early.org November 2025 Favorsapremilast Favorscontrol
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ COMMUNITY Amgen (DB RCT) -1% 1.01 [0.65-1.56] death 34/194 33/190 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control I-SPY COVID Files (RCT) -5% 1.05 [0.66-1.71] death 67 (n) 143 (n) Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.88 Late treatment -3% 1.03 [0.75-1.42] 34/261 33/333 3% higher risk All studies -3% 1.03 [0.75-1.42] 34/261 33/333 3% higher risk 2 apremilast COVID-19 studies c19early.org November 2025 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.88 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors apremilast Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ COMMUNITY Amgen (DB RCT) -1% 1.01 [0.65-1.56] 34/194 33/190 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control I-SPY COVID Files (RCT) -5% 1.05 [0.66-1.71] 67 (n) 143 (n) Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.88 Late treatment -3% 1.03 [0.75-1.42] 34/261 33/333 3% higher risk All studies -3% 1.03 [0.75-1.42] 34/261 33/333 3% higher risk 2 apremilast COVID-19 mortality results c19early.org November 2025 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.88 Favors apremilast Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ COMMUNITY Amgen (DB RCT) -1% 1.01 [0.65-1.56] death 34/194 33/190 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control I-SPY COVID Files (RCT) -5% 1.05 [0.66-1.71] death 67 (n) 143 (n) Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.88 Late treatment -3% 1.03 [0.75-1.42] 34/261 33/333 3% higher risk All studies -3% 1.03 [0.75-1.42] 34/261 33/333 3% higher risk 2 apremilast COVID-19 serious outcomes c19early.org November 2025 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.88 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors apremilast Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ COMMUNITY Amgen (DB RCT) -11% 1.11 [0.78-1.58] no disch. 50/194 44/190 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control I-SPY COVID Files (RCT) -28% 1.28 [0.88-1.92] no recov. 67 (n) 143 (n) Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.21 Late treatment -19% 1.19 [0.91-1.54] 50/261 44/333 19% higher risk All studies -19% 1.19 [0.91-1.54] 50/261 44/333 19% higher risk 2 apremilast COVID-19 recovery results c19early.org November 2025 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.21 Favors apremilast Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ COMMUNITY Amgen (DB RCT) -1% 1.01 [0.65-1.56] death 34/194 33/190 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control I-SPY COVID Files (RCT) -5% 1.05 [0.66-1.71] death 67 (n) 143 (n) Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.88 Late treatment -3% 1.03 [0.75-1.42] 34/261 33/333 3% higher risk All studies -3% 1.03 [0.75-1.42] 34/261 33/333 3% higher risk 2 apremilast COVID-19 Randomized Controlled Trials c19early.org November 2025 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.88 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors apremilast Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ COMMUNITY Amgen (DB RCT) -1% 1.01 [0.65-1.56] 34/194 33/190 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control I-SPY COVID Files (RCT) -5% 1.05 [0.66-1.71] 67 (n) 143 (n) Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.88 Late treatment -3% 1.03 [0.75-1.42] 34/261 33/333 3% higher risk All studies -3% 1.03 [0.75-1.42] 34/261 33/333 3% higher risk 2 apremilast COVID-19 RCT mortality results c19early.org November 2025 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.88 Favors apremilast Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ I-SPY COVID Files (RCT) -5% 1.05 [0.66-1.71] death 67 (n) 143 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.85 Late treatment -5% 1.05 [0.66-1.71] 67 (n) 143 (n) 5% higher risk All studies -5% 1.05 [0.66-1.71] 67 (n) 143 (n) 5% higher risk 1 apremilast COVID-19 peer reviewed studies c19early.org November 2025 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.85 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors apremilast Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ COMMUNITY Amgen (DB RCT) -1% 1.01 [0.65-1.56] death 34/194 33/190 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control COMMUNITY Amgen (DB RCT) -8% 1.08 [0.77-1.51] no improv. 53/194 48/190 COMMUNITY Amgen (DB RCT) -11% 1.11 [0.78-1.58] no disch. 50/194 44/190 COMMUNITY Amgen (DB RCT) -11% 1.11 [0.81-1.50] no recov. 61/194 54/190 I-SPY COVID Files (RCT) -5% 1.05 [0.66-1.71] death 67 (n) 143 (n) I-SPY COVID Files (RCT) -28% 1.28 [0.88-1.92] no recov. 67 (n) 143 (n) Apremilast COVID-19 outcomes c19early.org November 2025 Favors apremilast Favors control