Outcomes in COVID-19 rNAPc2 studies

0 0.5 1 1.5+ All studies -65% 1 156 Improvement, Studies, Patients Relative Risk Mortality -65% 1 156 RCTs -65% 1 156 Late -65% 1 156 RNAPc2 for COVID-19 c19early.org December 2025 FavorsrNAPc2 Favorscontrol
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ ASPEN-COVID-19 Hess (RCT) -65% 1.65 [0.68-4.04] death 11/76 7/80 OT​1 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.27 Late treatment -65% 1.65 [0.68-4.04] 11/76 7/80 65% higher risk All studies -65% 1.65 [0.68-4.04] 11/76 7/80 65% higher risk 1 rNAPc2 COVID-19 study c19early.org December 2025 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.27 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) 1 OT: comparison with other treatment Favors rNAPc2 Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ ASPEN-COVID-19 Hess (RCT) -65% 1.65 [0.68-4.04] 11/76 7/80 OT​1 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.27 Late treatment -65% 1.65 [0.68-4.04] 11/76 7/80 65% higher risk All studies -65% 1.65 [0.68-4.04] 11/76 7/80 65% higher risk 1 rNAPc2 COVID-19 mortality result c19early.org December 2025 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.27 1 OT: comparison with other treatment Favors rNAPc2 Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ ASPEN-COVID-19 Hess (RCT) -65% 1.65 [0.68-4.04] death 11/76 7/80 OT​1 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.27 Late treatment -65% 1.65 [0.68-4.04] 11/76 7/80 65% higher risk All studies -65% 1.65 [0.68-4.04] 11/76 7/80 65% higher risk 1 rNAPc2 COVID-19 serious outcome c19early.org December 2025 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.27 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) 1 OT: comparison with other treatment Favors rNAPc2 Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ ASPEN-COVID-19 Hess (RCT) -65% 1.65 [0.68-4.04] death 11/76 7/80 OT​1 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.27 Late treatment -65% 1.65 [0.68-4.04] 11/76 7/80 65% higher risk All studies -65% 1.65 [0.68-4.04] 11/76 7/80 65% higher risk 1 rNAPc2 COVID-19 Randomized Controlled Trial c19early.org December 2025 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.27 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) 1 OT: comparison with other treatment Favors rNAPc2 Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ ASPEN-COVID-19 Hess (RCT) -65% 1.65 [0.68-4.04] 11/76 7/80 OT​1 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.27 Late treatment -65% 1.65 [0.68-4.04] 11/76 7/80 65% higher risk All studies -65% 1.65 [0.68-4.04] 11/76 7/80 65% higher risk 1 rNAPc2 COVID-19 RCT mortality result c19early.org December 2025 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.27 1 OT: comparison with other treatment Favors rNAPc2 Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ ASPEN-COVID-19 Hess (RCT) -65% 1.65 [0.68-4.04] death 11/76 7/80 OT​1 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.27 Late treatment -65% 1.65 [0.68-4.04] 11/76 7/80 65% higher risk All studies -65% 1.65 [0.68-4.04] 11/76 7/80 65% higher risk 1 rNAPc2 COVID-19 peer reviewed studies c19early.org December 2025 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.27 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) 1 OT: comparison with other treatment Favors rNAPc2 Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ ASPEN-COVID-19 Hess (RCT) -65% 1.65 [0.68-4.04] death 11/76 7/80 OT​1 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control RNAPc2 COVID-19 outcomes c19early.org December 2025 1 OT: comparison with other treatment Favors rNAPc2 Favors control