Cyproheptadine: meta-analysis of COVID-19 studies

All studies Mortality Hospitalization Serious outcomes Recovery RCTs RCT mortality Peer-reviewed All outcomes

Outcome (studies)

Improvement

Relative risk · 95% CI

All studies (2)−30%

Mortality (2)−30%

Hospitalization (1)−49%

RCTs (2)−30%

RCT mortality (2)−30%

Late (2)−30%

00.511.5+

← Cyproheptadine
reduces riskIncreased
risk →

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c19early.org

October 2026

Cyproheptadine COVID-19 studies

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Auld (RCT)−51%1.51 · 0.67–3.37death35 (n)61 (n)I-SPY COVID Boniatti (RCT)−11%1.11 · 0.48–2.57death7/197/21

Late treatment−30%1.30 · 0.73–2.337/547/8230% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.38

All studies−30%1.30 · 0.73–2.337/547/8230% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.3800.511.52+

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← Cyproheptadine
reduces riskCyproheptadine
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Cyproheptadine COVID-19 mortality results

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CITreatmentControlRelative Risk

Auld (RCT)−51%1.51 · 0.67–3.3735 (n)61 (n)I-SPY COVID Boniatti (RCT)−11%1.11 · 0.48–2.577/197/21

Late treatment−30%1.30 · 0.73–2.337/547/8230% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.38

All studies−30%1.30 · 0.73–2.337/547/8230% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.3800.511.52+

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← Cyproheptadine
reduces riskCyproheptadine
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Cyproheptadine COVID-19 hospitalization results

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Boniatti (RCT)−49%1.49 · 0.94–2.35hosp. time19 (n)21 (n)

Late treatment−49%1.49 · 0.94–2.3519 (n)21 (n)49% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.091

All studies−49%1.49 · 0.94–2.3519 (n)21 (n)49% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.09100.511.52+

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← Cyproheptadine
reduces riskCyproheptadine
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Cyproheptadine COVID-19 serious outcomes

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Auld (RCT)−51%1.51 · 0.67–3.37death35 (n)61 (n)I-SPY COVID Boniatti (RCT)−11%1.11 · 0.48–2.57death7/197/21

Late treatment−30%1.30 · 0.73–2.337/547/8230% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.38

All studies−30%1.30 · 0.73–2.337/547/8230% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.3800.511.52+

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← Cyproheptadine
reduces riskCyproheptadine
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Cyproheptadine COVID-19 recovery results

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Auld (RCT)−122%2.22 · 1.32–3.85no recov.35 (n)61 (n)I-SPY COVID

Late treatment−122%2.22 · 1.30–3.8035 (n)61 (n)122% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.0036

All studies−122%2.22 · 1.30–3.8035 (n)61 (n)122% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.003600.511.52+

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← Cyproheptadine
reduces riskCyproheptadine
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Cyproheptadine COVID-19 Randomized Controlled Trials

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Auld (RCT)−51%1.51 · 0.67–3.37death35 (n)61 (n)I-SPY COVID Boniatti (RCT)−11%1.11 · 0.48–2.57death7/197/21

Late treatment−30%1.30 · 0.73–2.337/547/8230% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.38

All studies−30%1.30 · 0.73–2.337/547/8230% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.3800.511.52+

Rotate screen for more detailsIncrease width for more details

← Cyproheptadine
reduces riskCyproheptadine
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Cyproheptadine COVID-19 RCT mortality results

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CITreatmentControlRelative Risk

Auld (RCT)−51%1.51 · 0.67–3.3735 (n)61 (n)I-SPY COVID Boniatti (RCT)−11%1.11 · 0.48–2.577/197/21

Late treatment−30%1.30 · 0.73–2.337/547/8230% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.38

All studies−30%1.30 · 0.73–2.337/547/8230% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.3800.511.52+

Rotate screen for more detailsIncrease width for more details

← Cyproheptadine
reduces riskCyproheptadine
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Cyproheptadine COVID-19 peer reviewed studies

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Auld (RCT)−51%1.51 · 0.67–3.37death35 (n)61 (n)I-SPY COVID Boniatti (RCT)−11%1.11 · 0.48–2.57death7/197/21

Late treatment−30%1.30 · 0.73–2.337/547/8230% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.38

All studies−30%1.30 · 0.73–2.337/547/8230% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.3800.511.52+

Rotate screen for more detailsIncrease width for more details

← Cyproheptadine
reduces riskCyproheptadine
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Cyproheptadine COVID-19 outcomes

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Auld (RCT)−51%1.51 · 0.67–3.37death35 (n)61 (n)I-SPY COVID Auld (RCT)−206%3.06 · 1.50–6.24death/int.35 (n)61 (n)I-SPY COVID Auld (RCT)−122%2.22 · 1.32–3.85no recov.35 (n)61 (n)I-SPY COVID Boniatti (RCT)−11%1.11 · 0.48–2.57death7/197/21 Boniatti (RCT)−49%1.49 · 0.94–2.35hosp. time19 (n)21 (n)

00.511.52+

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← Cyproheptadine
reduces riskCyproheptadine
increases risk →