Cenicriviroc: meta-analysis of COVID-19 studies

All studies Mortality Ventilation Hospitalization Serious outcomes Recovery RCTs RCT mortality Peer-reviewed All outcomes

Outcome (studies)

Improvement

Relative risk · 95% CI

All studies (3)−28%

Mortality (3)−28%

Ventilation (1)−167%

Hospitalization (1)−17%

Recovery (3)−2%

RCTs (3)−28%

RCT mortality (3)−28%

Late (3)−28%

00.511.5+

← Cenicriviroc
reduces riskIncreased
risk →

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c19early.org

October 2026

Cenicriviroc COVID-19 studies

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Files (RCT)−24%1.24 · 0.84–1.83death92 (n)169 (n)I-SPY COVID Kurth (DB RCT)−167%2.67 · 0.12–60.51death1/180/12 O’Halloran (DB RCT)−30%1.30 · 0.93–1.83death64/35549/354ACTIV-1 IM

Late treatment−28%1.28 · 0.99–1.6665/46549/53528% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.057

All studies−28%1.28 · 0.99–1.6665/46549/53528% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.05700.511.52+

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← Cenicriviroc
reduces riskCenicriviroc
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Cenicriviroc COVID-19 mortality results

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CITreatmentControlRelative Risk

Files (RCT)−24%1.24 · 0.84–1.8392 (n)169 (n)I-SPY COVID Kurth (DB RCT)−167%2.67 · 0.12–60.511/180/12 O’Halloran (DB RCT)−30%1.30 · 0.93–1.8364/35549/354ACTIV-1 IM

Late treatment−28%1.28 · 0.99–1.6665/46549/53528% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.057

All studies−28%1.28 · 0.99–1.6665/46549/53528% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.05700.511.52+

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← Cenicriviroc
reduces riskCenicriviroc
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Cenicriviroc COVID-19 mechanical ventilation results

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CITreatmentControlRelative Risk

Kurth (DB RCT)−167%2.67 · 0.12–60.511/180/12

Late treatment−167%2.67 · 0.12–60.511/180/12167% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.55

All studies−167%2.67 · 0.12–60.511/180/12167% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.5500.511.52+

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← Cenicriviroc
reduces riskCenicriviroc
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Cenicriviroc COVID-19 hospitalization results

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Kurth (DB RCT)−17%1.17 · 0.80–1.69hosp. time17 (n)12 (n)

Late treatment−17%1.17 · 0.80–1.6917 (n)12 (n)17% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.42

All studies−17%1.17 · 0.80–1.6917 (n)12 (n)17% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.4200.511.52+

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← Cenicriviroc
reduces riskCenicriviroc
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Cenicriviroc COVID-19 serious outcomes

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Files (RCT)−24%1.24 · 0.84–1.83death92 (n)169 (n)I-SPY COVID Kurth (DB RCT)−167%2.67 · 0.12–60.51death1/180/12 O’Halloran (DB RCT)−30%1.30 · 0.93–1.83death64/35549/354ACTIV-1 IM

Late treatment−28%1.28 · 0.99–1.6665/46549/53528% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.057

All studies−28%1.28 · 0.99–1.6665/46549/53528% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.05700.511.52+

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← Cenicriviroc
reduces riskCenicriviroc
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Cenicriviroc COVID-19 recovery results

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Files (RCT)−14%1.14 · 0.81–1.59no recov.92 (n)169 (n)I-SPY COVID Kurth (DB RCT)−100%2.00 · 0.29–25.00no recov.17 (n)12 (n) O’Halloran (DB RCT)1%0.99 · 0.85–1.16no recov.360 (n)363 (n)ACTIV-1 IM

Late treatment−2%1.02 · 0.88–1.17469 (n)544 (n)2% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.82

All studies−2%1.02 · 0.88–1.17469 (n)544 (n)2% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.8200.511.52+

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← Cenicriviroc
reduces riskCenicriviroc
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Cenicriviroc COVID-19 Randomized Controlled Trials

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Files (RCT)−24%1.24 · 0.84–1.83death92 (n)169 (n)I-SPY COVID Kurth (DB RCT)−167%2.67 · 0.12–60.51death1/180/12 O’Halloran (DB RCT)−30%1.30 · 0.93–1.83death64/35549/354ACTIV-1 IM

Late treatment−28%1.28 · 0.99–1.6665/46549/53528% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.057

All studies−28%1.28 · 0.99–1.6665/46549/53528% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.05700.511.52+

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← Cenicriviroc
reduces riskCenicriviroc
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Cenicriviroc COVID-19 RCT mortality results

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CITreatmentControlRelative Risk

Files (RCT)−24%1.24 · 0.84–1.8392 (n)169 (n)I-SPY COVID Kurth (DB RCT)−167%2.67 · 0.12–60.511/180/12 O’Halloran (DB RCT)−30%1.30 · 0.93–1.8364/35549/354ACTIV-1 IM

Late treatment−28%1.28 · 0.99–1.6665/46549/53528% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.057

All studies−28%1.28 · 0.99–1.6665/46549/53528% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.05700.511.52+

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← Cenicriviroc
reduces riskCenicriviroc
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Cenicriviroc COVID-19 peer reviewed studies

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Files (RCT)−24%1.24 · 0.84–1.83death92 (n)169 (n)I-SPY COVID Kurth (DB RCT)−167%2.67 · 0.12–60.51death1/180/12 O’Halloran (DB RCT)−30%1.30 · 0.93–1.83death64/35549/354ACTIV-1 IM

Late treatment−28%1.28 · 0.99–1.6665/46549/53528% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.057

All studies−28%1.28 · 0.99–1.6665/46549/53528% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.05700.511.52+

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← Cenicriviroc
reduces riskCenicriviroc
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Cenicriviroc COVID-19 outcomes

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Files (RCT)−24%1.24 · 0.84–1.83death92 (n)169 (n)I-SPY COVID Files (RCT)−14%1.14 · 0.81–1.59no recov.92 (n)169 (n)I-SPY COVID Kurth (DB RCT)−167%2.67 · 0.12–60.51death1/180/12 Kurth (DB RCT)−167%2.67 · 0.12–60.51ventilation1/180/12 Kurth (DB RCT)−500%6.00 · 0.34–107oxygen3/180/12 Kurth (DB RCT)−100%2.00 · 0.29–25.00no recov.17 (n)12 (n) Kurth (DB RCT)−17%1.17 · 0.80–1.69hosp. time17 (n)12 (n) O’Halloran (DB RCT)−30%1.30 · 0.93–1.83death64/35549/354ACTIV-1 IM O’Halloran (DB RCT)−16%1.16 · 0.79–1.71death49/35542/354ACTIV-1 IM O’Halloran (DB RCT)−8%1.08 · 0.81–1.41no improv.348 (n)343 (n)ACTIV-1 IM O’Halloran (DB RCT)1%0.99 · 0.85–1.16no recov.360 (n)363 (n)ACTIV-1 IM

00.511.52+

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← Cenicriviroc
reduces riskCenicriviroc
increases risk →