Outcomes in COVID-19 dimethyl fumarate studies

0 0.5 1 1.5+ All studies -3% 1 713 Improvement, Studies, Patients Relative Risk Mortality -3% 1 713 Ventilation -20% 1 575 RCTs -3% 1 713 Late -3% 1 713 Dimethyl fumarate for COVID-19 c19early.org November 2025 Favorsdimethyl fumarate Favorscontrol
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ RECOVERY Horby (RCT) -3% 1.03 [0.71-1.48] death 61/356 57/357 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.87 Late treatment -3% 1.03 [0.71-1.48] 61/356 57/357 3% higher risk All studies -3% 1.03 [0.71-1.48] 61/356 57/357 3% higher risk 1 dimethyl fumarate COVID-19 study c19early.org November 2025 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.87 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors dimethyl fumarate Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ RECOVERY Horby (RCT) -3% 1.03 [0.71-1.48] 61/356 57/357 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.87 Late treatment -3% 1.03 [0.71-1.48] 61/356 57/357 3% higher risk All studies -3% 1.03 [0.71-1.48] 61/356 57/357 3% higher risk 1 dimethyl fumarate COVID-19 mortality result c19early.org November 2025 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.87 Favors dimethyl fumarate Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ RECOVERY Horby (RCT) -20% 1.20 [0.56-2.54] 14/284 12/291 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.65 Late treatment -20% 1.20 [0.56-2.54] 14/284 12/291 20% higher risk All studies -20% 1.20 [0.56-2.54] 14/284 12/291 20% higher risk 1 dimethyl fumarate COVID-19 mechanical ventilation result c19early.org November 2025 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.65 Favors dimethyl fumarate Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ RECOVERY Horby (RCT) -3% 1.03 [0.71-1.48] death 61/356 57/357 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.87 Late treatment -3% 1.03 [0.71-1.48] 61/356 57/357 3% higher risk All studies -3% 1.03 [0.71-1.48] 61/356 57/357 3% higher risk 1 dimethyl fumarate COVID-19 serious outcome c19early.org November 2025 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.87 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors dimethyl fumarate Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ RECOVERY Horby (RCT) -3% 1.03 [0.71-1.48] death 61/356 57/357 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.87 Late treatment -3% 1.03 [0.71-1.48] 61/356 57/357 3% higher risk All studies -3% 1.03 [0.71-1.48] 61/356 57/357 3% higher risk 1 dimethyl fumarate COVID-19 Randomized Controlled Trial c19early.org November 2025 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.87 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors dimethyl fumarate Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ RECOVERY Horby (RCT) -3% 1.03 [0.71-1.48] 61/356 57/357 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.87 Late treatment -3% 1.03 [0.71-1.48] 61/356 57/357 3% higher risk All studies -3% 1.03 [0.71-1.48] 61/356 57/357 3% higher risk 1 dimethyl fumarate COVID-19 RCT mortality result c19early.org November 2025 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.87 Favors dimethyl fumarate Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ RECOVERY Horby (RCT) -3% 1.03 [0.71-1.48] death 61/356 57/357 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.87 Late treatment -3% 1.03 [0.71-1.48] 61/356 57/357 3% higher risk All studies -3% 1.03 [0.71-1.48] 61/356 57/357 3% higher risk 1 dimethyl fumarate COVID-19 peer reviewed studies c19early.org November 2025 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.87 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors dimethyl fumarate Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ RECOVERY Horby (RCT) -3% 1.03 [0.71-1.48] death 61/356 57/357 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control RECOVERY Horby (RCT) 2% 0.98 [0.64-1.48] death 47/356 45/357 RECOVERY Horby (RCT) -20% 1.20 [0.56-2.54] ventilation 14/284 12/291 RECOVERY Horby (RCT) -12% 1.12 [0.86-1.47] 7-point status 284 (n) 291 (n) Dimethyl fumarate COVID-19 outcomes c19early.org November 2025 Favors dimethyl fumarate Favors control