Outcomes in COVID-19 empagliflozin studies

All studies   Mortality   Ventilation   Serious outcomes   Recovery   RCTs   RCT mortality   Peer-reviewed   All outcomes  
0 0.5 1 1.5+ All studies 4% 1 4K Improvement, Studies, Patients Relative Risk Mortality 4% 1 4K Ventilation 3% 1 4K RCTs 4% 1 4K Late 4% 1 4K Empagliflozin for COVID-19 c19early.org December 2025 Favorsempagliflozin Favorscontrol
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ RECOVERY Horby (RCT) 4% 0.96 [0.84-1.11] death 383/2,113 404/2,158 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.54 Late treatment 4% 0.96 [0.84-1.11] 383/2,113 404/2,158 4% lower risk All studies 4% 0.96 [0.84-1.11] 383/2,113 404/2,158 4% lower risk 1 empagliflozin COVID-19 study c19early.org December 2025 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.54 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors empagliflozin Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ RECOVERY Horby (RCT) 4% 0.96 [0.84-1.11] 383/2,113 404/2,158 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.54 Late treatment 4% 0.96 [0.84-1.11] 383/2,113 404/2,158 4% lower risk All studies 4% 0.96 [0.84-1.11] 383/2,113 404/2,158 4% lower risk 1 empagliflozin COVID-19 mortality result c19early.org December 2025 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.54 Favors empagliflozin Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ RECOVERY Horby (RCT) 3% 0.97 [0.77-1.27] 2,084 (n) 2,143 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.77 Late treatment 3% 0.97 [0.77-1.27] 2,084 (n) 2,143 (n) 3% lower risk All studies 3% 0.97 [0.77-1.27] 2,084 (n) 2,143 (n) 3% lower risk 1 empagliflozin COVID-19 mechanical ventilation result c19early.org December 2025 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.77 Favors empagliflozin Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ RECOVERY Horby (RCT) 4% 0.96 [0.84-1.11] death 383/2,113 404/2,158 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.54 Late treatment 4% 0.96 [0.84-1.11] 383/2,113 404/2,158 4% lower risk All studies 4% 0.96 [0.84-1.11] 383/2,113 404/2,158 4% lower risk 1 empagliflozin COVID-19 serious outcome c19early.org December 2025 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.54 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors empagliflozin Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ RECOVERY Horby (RCT) 3% 0.97 [0.91-1.04] no disch. 2,113 (n) 2,158 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.44 Late treatment 3% 0.97 [0.91-1.04] 2,113 (n) 2,158 (n) 3% lower risk All studies 3% 0.97 [0.91-1.04] 2,113 (n) 2,158 (n) 3% lower risk 1 empagliflozin COVID-19 recovery result c19early.org December 2025 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.44 Favors empagliflozin Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ RECOVERY Horby (RCT) 4% 0.96 [0.84-1.11] death 383/2,113 404/2,158 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.54 Late treatment 4% 0.96 [0.84-1.11] 383/2,113 404/2,158 4% lower risk All studies 4% 0.96 [0.84-1.11] 383/2,113 404/2,158 4% lower risk 1 empagliflozin COVID-19 Randomized Controlled Trial c19early.org December 2025 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.54 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors empagliflozin Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ RECOVERY Horby (RCT) 4% 0.96 [0.84-1.11] 383/2,113 404/2,158 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.54 Late treatment 4% 0.96 [0.84-1.11] 383/2,113 404/2,158 4% lower risk All studies 4% 0.96 [0.84-1.11] 383/2,113 404/2,158 4% lower risk 1 empagliflozin COVID-19 RCT mortality result c19early.org December 2025 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.54 Favors empagliflozin Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ RECOVERY Horby (RCT) 4% 0.96 [0.84-1.11] death 383/2,113 404/2,158 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.54 Late treatment 4% 0.96 [0.84-1.11] 383/2,113 404/2,158 4% lower risk All studies 4% 0.96 [0.84-1.11] 383/2,113 404/2,158 4% lower risk 1 empagliflozin COVID-19 peer reviewed studies c19early.org December 2025 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.54 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors empagliflozin Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ RECOVERY Horby (RCT) 4% 0.96 [0.84-1.11] death 383/2,113 404/2,158 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control RECOVERY Horby (RCT) 4% 0.96 [0.82-1.13] death 289/2,113 307/2,158 RECOVERY Horby (RCT) 3% 0.97 [0.77-1.27] ventilation 2,084 (n) 2,143 (n) RECOVERY Horby (RCT) 3% 0.97 [0.91-1.04] no disch. 2,113 (n) 2,158 (n) Empagliflozin COVID-19 outcomes c19early.org December 2025 Favors empagliflozin Favors control