Empagliflozin: meta-analysis of COVID-19 studies

All studies Mortality Ventilation Serious outcomes Recovery RCTs RCT mortality Peer-reviewed All outcomes

Outcome (studies)

Improvement

Relative risk · 95% CI

All studies (1)4%

Mortality (1)4%

Ventilation (1)3%

RCTs (1)4%

Late (1)4%

00.511.5+

← Empagliflozin
reduces riskIncreased
risk →

.hmva--anim-stagger .hmva__row{opacity:1}.hmva--anim .hmva__shade{opacity:var(--shade-opacity)}.hmva--anim-stagger .est .ci{transform:translateY(-50%)}.hmva--anim-stagger .est .pt{transform:translate(-50%,-50%)}.hmva--anim-stagger .hmva__bar{transform:none}.hmva--anim-settle .est .pt{left:calc(min(var(--pt), 1.5) / var(--max) * 100%)}.hmva--anim-settle .est .ci{left:calc(var(--lo) / var(--max) * 100%);width:calc((var(--hi) - var(--lo)) / var(--max) * 100%)}.hmva--anim-settle .hmva__bar--drug{width:calc(min(1, var(--rr)) * 100%)}.hmva--anim-settle .hmva__bar--control{width:calc(min(1, 1 / var(--rr)) * 100%)}

.fp--anim .fp__study,.fp--anim .fp__sum,.fp--anim .fp__het,.fp--anim .fp__dia,.fp--anim .fp__verdict,.fp--anim .fp__pooled{opacity:1}.fp--anim .fp__ci{transform:none}.fp--anim .fp__pt{transform:translate(-50%,-50%)}.fp--anim .fp__plot::before{opacity:var(--shade-opacity)}.fp--anim-settle .fp__pt{left:calc(min(var(--pt),var(--max))/var(--max)*100%)}.fp--anim-settle .fp__ci,.fp--anim-settle .fp__dia{left:calc(var(--lo)/var(--max)*100%);width:calc((var(--hi) - var(--lo))/var(--max)*100%)}

c19early.org

October 2026

Empagliflozin COVID-19 studies

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Horby (RCT)4%0.96 · 0.84–1.11death383/2,113404/2,158RECOVERY

Late treatment4%0.96 · 0.85–1.09383/2,113404/2,1584% lower risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.54

All studies4%0.96 · 0.85–1.09383/2,113404/2,1584% lower risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.5400.511.52+

Rotate screen for more detailsIncrease width for more details

← Empagliflozin
reduces riskEmpagliflozin
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Empagliflozin COVID-19 mortality results

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CITreatmentControlRelative Risk

Horby (RCT)4%0.96 · 0.84–1.11383/2,113404/2,158RECOVERY

Late treatment4%0.96 · 0.85–1.09383/2,113404/2,1584% lower risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.54

All studies4%0.96 · 0.85–1.09383/2,113404/2,1584% lower risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.5400.511.52+

Rotate screen for more detailsIncrease width for more details

← Empagliflozin
reduces riskEmpagliflozin
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Empagliflozin COVID-19 mechanical ventilation results

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CITreatmentControlRelative Risk

Horby (RCT)3%0.97 · 0.77–1.272,084 (n)2,143 (n)RECOVERY

Late treatment3%0.97 · 0.80–1.182,084 (n)2,143 (n)3% lower risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.77

All studies3%0.97 · 0.80–1.182,084 (n)2,143 (n)3% lower risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.7700.511.52+

Rotate screen for more detailsIncrease width for more details

← Empagliflozin
reduces riskEmpagliflozin
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Empagliflozin COVID-19 serious outcomes

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Horby (RCT)4%0.96 · 0.84–1.11death383/2,113404/2,158RECOVERY

Late treatment4%0.96 · 0.85–1.09383/2,113404/2,1584% lower risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.54

All studies4%0.96 · 0.85–1.09383/2,113404/2,1584% lower risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.5400.511.52+

Rotate screen for more detailsIncrease width for more details

← Empagliflozin
reduces riskEmpagliflozin
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Empagliflozin COVID-19 recovery results

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Horby (RCT)3%0.97 · 0.91–1.04no disch.2,113 (n)2,158 (n)RECOVERY

Late treatment3%0.97 · 0.90–1.052,113 (n)2,158 (n)3% lower risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.44

All studies3%0.97 · 0.90–1.052,113 (n)2,158 (n)3% lower risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.4400.511.52+

Rotate screen for more detailsIncrease width for more details

← Empagliflozin
reduces riskEmpagliflozin
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Empagliflozin COVID-19 Randomized Controlled Trials

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Horby (RCT)4%0.96 · 0.84–1.11death383/2,113404/2,158RECOVERY

Late treatment4%0.96 · 0.85–1.09383/2,113404/2,1584% lower risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.54

All studies4%0.96 · 0.85–1.09383/2,113404/2,1584% lower risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.5400.511.52+

Rotate screen for more detailsIncrease width for more details

← Empagliflozin
reduces riskEmpagliflozin
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Empagliflozin COVID-19 RCT mortality results

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CITreatmentControlRelative Risk

Horby (RCT)4%0.96 · 0.84–1.11383/2,113404/2,158RECOVERY

Late treatment4%0.96 · 0.85–1.09383/2,113404/2,1584% lower risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.54

All studies4%0.96 · 0.85–1.09383/2,113404/2,1584% lower risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.5400.511.52+

Rotate screen for more detailsIncrease width for more details

← Empagliflozin
reduces riskEmpagliflozin
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Empagliflozin COVID-19 peer reviewed studies

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Horby (RCT)4%0.96 · 0.84–1.11death383/2,113404/2,158RECOVERY

Late treatment4%0.96 · 0.85–1.09383/2,113404/2,1584% lower risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.54

All studies4%0.96 · 0.85–1.09383/2,113404/2,1584% lower risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.5400.511.52+

Rotate screen for more detailsIncrease width for more details

← Empagliflozin
reduces riskEmpagliflozin
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

Empagliflozin COVID-19 outcomes

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Horby (RCT)4%0.96 · 0.84–1.11death383/2,113404/2,158RECOVERY Horby (RCT)4%0.96 · 0.82–1.13death289/2,113307/2,158RECOVERY Horby (RCT)3%0.97 · 0.77–1.27ventilation2,084 (n)2,143 (n)RECOVERY Horby (RCT)3%0.97 · 0.91–1.04no disch.2,113 (n)2,158 (n)RECOVERY

00.511.52+

Rotate screen for more detailsIncrease width for more details

← Empagliflozin
reduces riskEmpagliflozin
increases risk →