P2Et: meta-analysis of COVID-19 studies

All studies Mortality ICU Hospitalization Serious outcomes RCTs RCT mortality Peer-reviewed All outcomes

Outcome (studies)

Improvement

Relative risk · 95% CI

All studies (1)−114%

Mortality (1)−114%

ICU admission (1)24%

Hospitalization (1)23%

RCTs (1)−114%

Late (1)−114%

00.511.5+

← P2Et
reduces riskIncreased
risk →

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c19early.org

October 2026

P2Et COVID-19 studies

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Urueña (DB RCT)−114%2.14 · 0.20–22.74death2/441/47

Late treatment−114%2.14 · 0.20–22.742/441/47114% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.54

All studies−114%2.14 · 0.20–22.742/441/47114% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.5400.511.52+

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← P2Et
reduces riskP2Et
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

P2Et COVID-19 mortality results

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CITreatmentControlRelative Risk

Urueña (DB RCT)−114%2.14 · 0.20–22.742/441/47

Late treatment−114%2.14 · 0.20–22.742/441/47114% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.54

All studies−114%2.14 · 0.20–22.742/441/47114% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.5400.511.52+

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← P2Et
reduces riskP2Et
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

P2Et COVID-19 ICU results

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CITreatmentControlRelative Risk

Urueña (DB RCT)24%0.76 · 0.26–2.235/447/47

Late treatment24%0.76 · 0.26–2.235/447/4724% lower risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.63

All studies24%0.76 · 0.26–2.235/447/4724% lower risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.6300.511.52+

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← P2Et
reduces riskP2Et
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

P2Et COVID-19 hospitalization results

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Urueña (DB RCT)23%0.77 · 0.56–1.07hosp. time44 (n)47 (n)

Late treatment23%0.77 · 0.56–1.0744 (n)47 (n)23% lower risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.12

All studies23%0.77 · 0.56–1.0744 (n)47 (n)23% lower risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.1200.511.52+

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← P2Et
reduces riskP2Et
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

P2Et COVID-19 serious outcomes

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Urueña (DB RCT)−114%2.14 · 0.20–22.74death2/441/47

Late treatment−114%2.14 · 0.20–22.742/441/47114% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.54

All studies−114%2.14 · 0.20–22.742/441/47114% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.5400.511.52+

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← P2Et
reduces riskP2Et
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

P2Et COVID-19 Randomized Controlled Trials

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Urueña (DB RCT)−114%2.14 · 0.20–22.74death2/441/47

Late treatment−114%2.14 · 0.20–22.742/441/47114% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.54

All studies−114%2.14 · 0.20–22.742/441/47114% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.5400.511.52+

Rotate screen for more detailsIncrease width for more details

← P2Et
reduces riskP2Et
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

P2Et COVID-19 RCT mortality results

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CITreatmentControlRelative Risk

Urueña (DB RCT)−114%2.14 · 0.20–22.742/441/47

Late treatment−114%2.14 · 0.20–22.742/441/47114% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.54

All studies−114%2.14 · 0.20–22.742/441/47114% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.5400.511.52+

Rotate screen for more detailsIncrease width for more details

← P2Et
reduces riskP2Et
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

P2Et COVID-19 peer reviewed studies

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Urueña (DB RCT)−114%2.14 · 0.20–22.74death2/441/47

Late treatment−114%2.14 · 0.20–22.742/441/47114% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.54

All studies−114%2.14 · 0.20–22.742/441/47114% higher risk

Tau² = 0.00, I² = 0.0%, p = 0.5400.511.52+

Rotate screen for more detailsIncrease width for more details

← P2Et
reduces riskP2Et
increases risk →

c19early.org

October 2026

P2Et COVID-19 outcomes

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Urueña (DB RCT)−114%2.14 · 0.20–22.74death2/441/47 Urueña (DB RCT)24%0.76 · 0.26–2.23ICU5/447/47 Urueña (DB RCT)−34%1.34 · 0.38–4.66no improv.5/444/47 Urueña (DB RCT)−7%1.07 · 0.41–2.80no improv.7/447/47 Urueña (DB RCT)23%0.77 · 0.56–1.07hosp. time44 (n)47 (n)

00.511.52+

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← P2Et
reduces riskP2Et
increases risk →