Outcomes in COVID-19 zafirlukast studies

0 0.5 1 1.5+ All studies -100% 1 40 Improvement, Studies, Patients Relative Risk ICU admission -100% 1 40 Hospitalization -15% 1 40 Viral clearance -23% 1 40 RCTs -100% 1 40 Late -100% 1 40 Zafirlukast for COVID-19 c19early.org December 2025 Favorszafirlukast Favorscontrol
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Ghobain (DB RCT) -100% 2.00 [0.20-20.3] ICU 2/20 1/20 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.57 Late treatment -100% 2.00 [0.20-20.3] 2/20 1/20 100% higher risk All studies -100% 2.00 [0.20-20.3] 2/20 1/20 100% higher risk 1 zafirlukast COVID-19 study c19early.org December 2025 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.57 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors zafirlukast Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Ghobain (DB RCT) -100% 2.00 [0.20-20.3] 2/20 1/20 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.57 Late treatment -100% 2.00 [0.20-20.3] 2/20 1/20 100% higher risk All studies -100% 2.00 [0.20-20.3] 2/20 1/20 100% higher risk 1 zafirlukast COVID-19 ICU result c19early.org December 2025 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.57 Favors zafirlukast Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Ghobain (DB RCT) -15% 1.15 [0.79-1.69] hosp. time 20 (n) 20 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.47 Late treatment -15% 1.15 [0.79-1.69] 20 (n) 20 (n) 15% higher risk All studies -15% 1.15 [0.79-1.69] 20 (n) 20 (n) 15% higher risk 1 zafirlukast COVID-19 hospitalization result c19early.org December 2025 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.47 Favors zafirlukast Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Ghobain (DB RCT) -100% 2.00 [0.20-20.3] ICU 2/20 1/20 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.57 Late treatment -100% 2.00 [0.20-20.3] 2/20 1/20 100% higher risk All studies -100% 2.00 [0.20-20.3] 2/20 1/20 100% higher risk 1 zafirlukast COVID-19 serious outcome c19early.org December 2025 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.57 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors zafirlukast Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Ghobain (DB RCT) -23% 1.23 [0.83-1.82] viral+ 16/20 13/20 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.3 Late treatment -23% 1.23 [0.83-1.82] 16/20 13/20 23% higher risk All studies -23% 1.23 [0.83-1.82] 16/20 13/20 23% higher risk 1 zafirlukast COVID-19 viral clearance result c19early.org December 2025 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.3 Favors zafirlukast Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Ghobain (DB RCT) -100% 2.00 [0.20-20.3] ICU 2/20 1/20 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.57 Late treatment -100% 2.00 [0.20-20.3] 2/20 1/20 100% higher risk All studies -100% 2.00 [0.20-20.3] 2/20 1/20 100% higher risk 1 zafirlukast COVID-19 Randomized Controlled Trial c19early.org December 2025 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.57 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors zafirlukast Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Ghobain (DB RCT) -100% 2.00 [0.20-20.3] ICU 2/20 1/20 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.57 Late treatment -100% 2.00 [0.20-20.3] 2/20 1/20 100% higher risk All studies -100% 2.00 [0.20-20.3] 2/20 1/20 100% higher risk 1 zafirlukast COVID-19 peer reviewed studies c19early.org December 2025 Tau​2 = 0.00, I​2 = 0.0%, p = 0.57 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors zafirlukast Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Ghobain (DB RCT) -100% 2.00 [0.20-20.3] ICU 2/20 1/20 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Ghobain (DB RCT) -9% 1.09 [0.86-1.38] 7-point status 20 (n) 20 (n) Ghobain (DB RCT) -17% 1.17 [0.67-2.04] 7-point status 20 (n) 20 (n) Ghobain (DB RCT) 12% 0.88 [0.53-1.46] 7-point status 20 (n) 20 (n) Ghobain (DB RCT) -15% 1.15 [0.79-1.69] hosp. time 20 (n) 20 (n) Ghobain (DB RCT) -23% 1.23 [0.83-1.82] viral+ 16/20 13/20 Zafirlukast COVID-19 outcomes c19early.org December 2025 Favors zafirlukast Favors control