COVID-19 treatment protocol in Saudi Arabia
Countries adopted very different treatment protocols for COVID-19.
Some countries preferred novel high-profit treatments, while others also used many
low-cost treatments. Low-cost non-prescription treatments can greatly increase treatment—especially early treatment—due to lower barriers to access, and research shows
complementary and synergistic benefits with many treatments1-17.
The plot shows the average efficacy and cost of approved treatments in
each country. Actual usage varied significantly from official protocols in many regions.
Top countries by population are shown where space precludes showing all country names.
https://www.moh.gov.sa/Ministry/MediaCenter/Publications/Documents/MOH-therapeutic-protoco..
(Internet Archive)
https://www.moh.gov.sa/en/Ministry/MediaCenter/Publications/Documents/MOH-therapeutic-prot..
(Internet Archive)
https://www.moh.gov.sa/Ministry/MediaCenter/Publications/Documents/MOH-therapeutic-protoco..
(Internet Archive)
https://web.archive.org/web/20200523223516/https://www.moh.gov.sa/Ministry/MediaCenter/Pub..
https://www.moh.gov.sa/Ministry/MediaCenter/Publications/Documents/MOH-therapeutic-protoco..
(Internet Archive)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
https://www.moh.gov.sa/Ministry/MediaCenter/Publications/Documents/MOH-therapeutic-protoco..
(Internet Archive)
https://web.archive.org/web/20200523223516/https://www.moh.gov.sa/Ministry/MediaCenter/Pub..
https://web.archive.org/web/20201027172422/https://www.moh.gov.sa/Ministry/MediaCenter/Pub..
https://web.archive.org/web/20210412200113/https://www.hsj.gr/medicine/is-there-a-correlat..
Submit updates or corrections.
https://www.moh.gov.sa/Ministry/MediaCenter/Publications/Documents/MOH-therapeutic-protoco..
(Internet Archive)
(during pandemic, most mAbs are no longer recommended due to reduced efficacy with modern variants)
References
Jitobaom et al., Favipiravir and Ivermectin Showed in Vitro Synergistic Antiviral Activity against SARS-CoV-2, Research Square, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-941811/v1.
Jitobaom (B) et al., Synergistic anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of repurposed anti-parasitic drug combinations, BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology, doi:10.1186/s40360-022-00580-8.
Jeffreys et al., Remdesivir-ivermectin combination displays synergistic interaction with improved in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2022.106542.
Ostrov et al., Highly Specific Sigma Receptor Ligands Exhibit Anti-Viral Properties in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Cells, Pathogens, doi:10.3390/pathogens10111514.
Alsaidi et al., Griffithsin and Carrageenan Combination Results in Antiviral Synergy against SARS-CoV-1 and 2 in a Pseudoviral Model, Marine Drugs, doi:10.3390/md19080418.
Andreani et al., In vitro testing of combined hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin on SARS-CoV-2 shows synergistic effect, Microbial Pathogenesis, doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104228.
De Forni et al., Synergistic drug combinations designed to fully suppress SARS-CoV-2 in the lung of COVID-19 patients, PLoS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0276751.
Wan et al., Synergistic inhibition effects of andrographolide and baicalin on coronavirus mechanisms by downregulation of ACE2 protein level, Scientific Reports, doi:10.1038/s41598-024-54722-5.
Said et al., The effect of Nigella sativa and vitamin D3 supplementation on the clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients: A randomized controlled clinical trial, Frontiers in Pharmacology, doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.1011522.
Fiaschi et al., In Vitro Combinatorial Activity of Direct Acting Antivirals and Monoclonal Antibodies against the Ancestral B.1 and BQ.1.1 SARS-CoV-2 Viral Variants, Viruses, doi:10.3390/v16020168.
Xing et al., Published anti-SARS-CoV-2 in vitro hits share common mechanisms of action that synergize with antivirals, Briefings in Bioinformatics, doi:10.1093/bib/bbab249.
Chen et al., Synergistic Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Replication Using Disulfiram/Ebselen and Remdesivir, ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science, doi:10.1021/acsptsci.1c00022.
Hempel et al., Synergistic inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 cell entry by otamixaban and covalent protease inhibitors: pre-clinical assessment of pharmacological and molecular properties, Chemical Science, doi:10.1039/D1SC01494C.
Schultz et al., Pyrimidine inhibitors synergize with nucleoside analogues to block SARS-CoV-2, Nature, doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04482-x.
Ohashi et al., Potential anti-COVID-19 agents, cepharanthine and nelfinavir, and their usage for combination treatment, iScience, doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.102367.