In-hospital adverse outcomes and risk factors among chronic kidney disease patients infected with the omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2: a single-center retrospective study

{ 'indexed': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 10, 20]], 'date-time': '2023-10-20T05:21:17Z', 'timestamp': 1697779277923}, 'reference-count': 38, 'publisher': 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 'issue': '1', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 10, 18]], 'date-time': '2023-10-18T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1697587200000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 10, 18]], 'date-time': '2023-10-18T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1697587200000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}], 'funder': [{'name': 'zhangjiming'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['link.springer.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Introduction</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has decreased virulence and ' 'pathogenicity, yet the number of Omicron infections worldwide is unprecedentedly high, with ' 'rather high mortality and severe disease rate. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are ' 'particularly vulnerable to the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and have unique clinical ' 'outcomes.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>We retrospectively collected data from 2140 hospitalized patients ' 'with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection from March 29, 2022, to May 17, 2022. Demographic ' 'characteristics, ancillary examination results, and clinical treatments were described. ' 'Occurrence of critical COVID-19 or death and time of positive-to-negative conversion was ' 'defined as primary outcomes. The presence of COVID-19 pneumonia and the usage of respiratory ' 'or circulatory support was defined as secondary outcomes. Univariate or multivariate logistic ' 'regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for primary outcomes.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>15.74% of CKD patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant ' 'ended up with critical COVID-19 or death. Pre-existing CKD was a risk factor for critical ' 'COVID-19 or death and prolonged time of positive-to-negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2. ' 'Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir facilitated viral clearance among COVID-19 patients with non-severe ' 'CKD.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>We found patients with CKD and COVID-19 due to Omicron experienced ' 'worse clinical outcomes and prolonged time of positive-to-negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 ' 'compared to patients without CKD, which helps rationalize limited medical resources and ' 'offers guidance for appropriate clinical treatments.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>', 'DOI': '10.1186/s12879-023-08620-2', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 10, 18]], 'date-time': '2023-10-18T15:03:44Z', 'timestamp': 1697641424000}, 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'In-hospital adverse outcomes and risk factors among chronic kidney disease patients infected ' 'with the omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2: a single-center retrospective study', 'prefix': '10.1186', 'volume': '23', 'author': [ {'given': 'Yue', 'family': 'Guo', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Yifei', 'family': 'Guo', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Huajian', 'family': 'Ying', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Weien', 'family': 'Yu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Shiqi', 'family': 'Chen', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Yao', 'family': 'Zhang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Shenyan', 'family': 'Zhang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Yanxue', 'family': 'Lin', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Feng', 'family': 'Sun', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Yongmei', 'family': 'Zhang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Jie', 'family': 'Yu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Ke', 'family': 'Ma', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Lunxiu', 'family': 'Qin', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Feng', 'family': 'Long', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Haoxiang', 'family': 'Zhu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Richeng', 'family': 'Mao', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Jun', 'family': 'Xue', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Jiming', 'family': 'Zhang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '297', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2023, 10, 18]]}, 'reference': [ { 'issue': '7898', 'key': '8620_CR1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '671', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41586-021-04389-z', 'volume': '602', 'author': 'D Planas', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Planas D, Saunders N, Maes P, Guivel-Benhassine F, Planchais C, ' 'Buchrieser J, Bolland WH, Porrot F, Staropoli I, Lemoine F, et al. ' 'Considerable escape of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron to antibody neutralization. ' 'Nature. 2022;602(7898):671–5.', 'journal-title': 'Nature'}, { 'key': '8620_CR2', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Yu W, Guo Y, Zhang S, Kong Y, Shen Z, Zhang J. Proportion of ' 'asymptomatic infection and nonsevere disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 ' 'Omicron variant: a systematic review and analysis. J Med Virol 2022.', 'DOI': '10.1002/jmv.28066'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '8620_CR3', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'e31', 'DOI': '10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e31', 'volume': '37', 'author': 'MK Kim', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Kim MK, Lee B, Choi YY, Um J, Lee KS, Sung HK, Kim Y, Park JS, Lee M, ' 'Jang HC, et al. Clinical characteristics of 40 patients infected with ' 'the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Korea. J Korean Med Sci. ' '2022;37(3):e31.', 'journal-title': 'J Korean Med Sci'}, { 'key': '8620_CR4', 'unstructured': 'Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19–19. January 2023 ' '[https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/covid-19-weekly-epidemiological-update---21-december-2022].'}, { 'key': '8620_CR5', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Kaso AW, Hareru HE, Kaso T, Agero G. Factors Associated with Poor ' 'Treatment Outcome among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in South Central, ' 'Ethiopia. Biomed Res Int 2022, 2022:4551132.', 'DOI': '10.1155/2022/4551132'}, { 'issue': '10225', 'key': '8620_CR6', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '709', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30045-3', 'volume': '395', 'author': 'GBDCKD Collaboration', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Collaboration GBDCKD. Global, regional, and national burden of chronic ' 'kidney disease, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the global burden ' 'of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2020;395(10225):709–33.', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'}, { 'issue': '8', 'key': '8620_CR7', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '485', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41581-022-00570-3', 'volume': '18', 'author': 'V Mahalingasivam', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Mahalingasivam V, Su G, Iwagami M, Davids MR, Wetmore JB, Nitsch D. ' 'COVID-19 and kidney disease: insights from epidemiology to inform ' 'clinical practice. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2022;18(8):485–98.', 'journal-title': 'Nat Rev Nephrol'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': '8620_CR8', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '804', 'DOI': '10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.07.003', 'volume': '78', 'author': 'EYM Chung', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Chung EYM, Palmer SC, Natale P, Krishnan A, Cooper TE, Saglimbene VM, ' 'Ruospo M, Au E, Jayanti S, Liang A, et al. Incidence and outcomes of ' 'COVID-19 in people with CKD: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Am J ' 'Kidney Dis. 2021;78(6):804–15.', 'journal-title': 'Am J Kidney Dis'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '8620_CR9', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '573', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jinf.2022.07.027', 'volume': '85', 'author': 'Y Ao', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Ao Y, Li J, Wei Z, Wang Z, Tian H, Qiu Y, Fu X, Ma W, Li L, Zeng M, et ' 'al. Clinical and virological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron ' 'BA.2.2 variant outbreaks during April to May, 2022, Shanghai, China. J ' 'Infect. 2022;85(5):573–607.', 'journal-title': 'J Infect'}, { 'key': '8620_CR10', 'unstructured': 'WHO: Available at. : ' 'https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-clinical-2022-1.'}, { 'issue': '7917', 'key': '8620_CR11', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '119', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41586-022-04856-1', 'volume': '607', 'author': 'R Uraki', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Uraki R, Kiso M, Iida S, Imai M, Takashita E, Kuroda M, Halfmann PJ, ' 'Loeber S, Maemura T, Yamayoshi S, et al. Characterization and antiviral ' 'susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2. Nature. ' '2022;607(7917):119–27.', 'journal-title': 'Nature'}, { 'issue': '10323', 'key': '8620_CR12', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '437', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00017-4', 'volume': '399', 'author': 'N Wolter', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Wolter N, Jassat W, Walaza S, Welch R, Moultrie H, Groome M, Amoako DG, ' 'Everatt J, Bhiman JN, Scheepers C, et al. Early assessment of the ' 'clinical severity of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant in South Africa: a ' 'data linkage study. Lancet. 2022;399(10323):437–46.', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'}, { 'issue': '10346', 'key': '8620_CR13', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '93', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00981-3', 'volume': '400', 'author': 'N Wolter', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Wolter N, Jassat W, von Gottberg A, Cohen C, group DA-Ga. Clinical ' 'severity of omicron lineage BA.2 infection compared with BA.1 infection ' 'in South Africa. Lancet. 2022;400(10346):93–6.', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'}, { 'issue': '7821', 'key': '8620_CR14', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '430', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4', 'volume': '584', 'author': 'EJ Williamson', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Williamson EJ, Walker AJ, Bhaskaran K, Bacon S, Bates C, Morton CE, ' 'Curtis HJ, Mehrkar A, Evans D, Inglesby P, et al. Factors associated ' 'with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Nature. ' '2020;584(7821):430–6.', 'journal-title': 'Nature'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '8620_CR15', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '190', 'DOI': '10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.09.003', 'volume': '77', 'author': 'JE Flythe', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Flythe JE, Assimon MM, Tugman MJ, Chang EH, Gupta S, Shah J, Sosa MA, ' 'Renaghan AD, Melamed ML, Wilson FP, et al. Characteristics and outcomes ' 'of individuals with pre-existing kidney disease and COVID-19 admitted to ' 'Intensive Care Units in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis. ' '2021;77(2):190–203. e191.', 'journal-title': 'Am J Kidney Dis'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '8620_CR16', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2501', 'DOI': '10.1080/22221751.2022.2122581', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'X Chen', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Chen X, Wang H, Ai J, Shen L, Lin K, Yuan G, Sheng X, Jin X, Deng Z, Xu ' 'J, et al. Identification of CKD, bedridden history and cancer as ' 'higher-risk comorbidities and their impact on prognosis of hospitalized ' 'Omicron patients: a multi-centre cohort study. Emerg Microbes Infect. ' '2022;11(1):2501–9.', 'journal-title': 'Emerg Microbes Infect'}, { 'issue': '10229', 'key': '8620_CR17', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1054', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3', 'volume': '395', 'author': 'F Zhou', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, Xiang J, Wang Y, Song B, Gu X, ' 'et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult ' 'inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. ' 'Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054–62.', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'}, { 'key': '8620_CR18', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1090498', 'DOI': '10.3389/fimmu.2023.1090498', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'X Zhou', 'year': '2023', 'unstructured': 'Zhou X, Huang X, Sun T, Jin X, Tian Z, Xue M, Kang J, Gao B, Xu A, Chen ' 'Y, et al. Chronological changes of viral shedding in adult inpatients ' 'with Omicron infection in Shanghai, China. Front Immunol. ' '2023;14:1090498.', 'journal-title': 'Front Immunol'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '8620_CR19', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '182', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jiph.2022.12.003', 'volume': '16', 'author': 'L Pei', 'year': '2023', 'unstructured': 'Pei L, Chen Y, Zheng X, Gong F, Liu W, Lin J, Zheng R, Yang Z, Bi Y, ' 'Chen E. Comorbidities prolonged viral shedding of patients infected with ' 'SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant in Shanghai: a multi-center, retrospective, ' 'observational study. J Infect Public Health. 2023;16(2):182–9.', 'journal-title': 'J Infect Public Health'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '8620_CR20', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'e144', 'DOI': '10.1093/cid/ciac077', 'volume': '75', 'author': 'S Meiring', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Meiring S, Tempia S, Bhiman JN, Buys A, Kleynhans J, Makhasi M, McMorrow ' 'M, Moyes J, Quan V, Walaza S, et al. Prolonged shedding of severe acute ' 'respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at high viral loads ' 'among hospitalized immunocompromised persons living with Human ' 'Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), South Africa. Clin Infect Dis. ' '2022;75(1):e144–56.', 'journal-title': 'Clin Infect Dis'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '8620_CR21', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '290', 'DOI': '10.2215/CJN.11120720', 'volume': '16', 'author': 'A Shaikh', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Shaikh A, Zeldis E, Campbell KN, Chan L. Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA ' 'shedding and IgG antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in patients on ' 'Hemodialysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2021;16(2):290–2.', 'journal-title': 'Clin J Am Soc Nephrol'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '8620_CR22', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '454', 'DOI': '10.1007/s12020-020-02465-4', 'volume': '70', 'author': 'N Buetti', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Buetti N, Trimboli P, Mazzuchelli T, Lo Priore E, Balmelli C, Trkola A, ' 'Conti M, Martinetti G, Elzi L, Ceschi A, et al. Diabetes mellitus is a ' 'risk factor for prolonged SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding in lower respiratory ' 'tract samples of critically ill patients. Endocrine. 2020;70(3):454–60.', 'journal-title': 'Endocrine'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '8620_CR23', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '513', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jinf.2023.02.001', 'volume': '86', 'author': 'S Caillard', 'year': '2023', 'unstructured': 'Caillard S, Laugel E, Benotmane I, Fafi Kremer S. Molecular evolution of ' 'the SARS-CoV-2 omicron BA.2 variant in kidney transplant recipients with ' 'prolonged viral shedding. J Infect. 2023;86(5):513–5.', 'journal-title': 'J Infect'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '8620_CR24', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '387', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jiac.2020.12.001', 'volume': '27', 'author': 'Y Nakajima', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Nakajima Y, Ogai A, Furukawa K, Arai R, Anan R, Nakano Y, Kurihara Y, ' 'Shimizu H, Misaki T, Okabe N. Prolonged viral shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in ' 'an immunocompromised patient. J Infect Chemother. 2021;27(2):387–9.', 'journal-title': 'J Infect Chemother'}, { 'issue': '4–5', 'key': '8620_CR25', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '531', 'DOI': '10.1159/000510557', 'volume': '50', 'author': 'JJ Broseta', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Broseta JJ, Rodriguez-Espinosa D, Cuadrado E, Guillen-Olmos E, Hermida ' 'E, Montagud-Marrahi E, Rodas L, Vera M, Fontsere N, Arias M, et al. ' 'SARS-CoV-2 infection in a spanish cohort of CKD-5D patients: prevalence, ' 'clinical presentation, outcomes, and De-Isolation results. Blood Purif. ' '2021;50(4–5):531–8.', 'journal-title': 'Blood Purif'}, { 'issue': '9', 'key': '8620_CR26', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2153', 'DOI': '10.1681/ASN.2021040490', 'volume': '32', 'author': 'C Danthu', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Danthu C, Hantz S, Dahlem A, Duval M, Ba B, Guibbert M, El Ouafi Z, ' 'Ponsard S, Berrahal I, Achard JM, et al. Humoral response after ' 'SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in a cohort of Hemodialysis patients and ' 'kidney transplant recipients. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2021;32(9):2153–8.', 'journal-title': 'J Am Soc Nephrol'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': '8620_CR27', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'e1160', 'DOI': '10.1002/cti2.1160', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'PH Lee', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Lee PH, Tay WC, Sutjipto S, Fong SW, Ong SWX, Wei WE, Chan YH, Ling LM, ' 'Young BE, Toh MPH, et al. Associations of viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) ' 'shedding patterns with clinical illness and immune responses in severe ' 'Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Clin ' 'Transl Immunology. 2020;9(7):e1160.', 'journal-title': 'Clin Transl Immunology'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '8620_CR28', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '367', 'DOI': '10.1093/infdis/jiaa311', 'volume': '222', 'author': 'S Hao', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Hao S, Lian J, Lu Y, Jia H, Hu J, Yu G, Wang X, Xu K, Ni Q, Li Y, et al. ' 'Decreased B cells on Admission Associated with prolonged viral RNA ' 'shedding from the respiratory tract in Coronavirus Disease 2019: a ' 'case-control study. J Infect Dis. 2020;222(3):367–71.', 'journal-title': 'J Infect Dis'}, { 'key': '8620_CR29', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '108611', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.clim.2020.108611', 'volume': '221', 'author': 'C Gao', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Gao C, Zhu L, Jin CC, Tong YX, Xiao AT, Zhang S. Proinflammatory ' 'cytokines are associated with prolonged viral RNA shedding in COVID-19 ' 'patients. Clin Immunol. 2020;221:108611.', 'journal-title': 'Clin Immunol'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '8620_CR30', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1063', 'DOI': '10.1186/s12879-021-06548-z', 'volume': '21', 'author': 'J Li', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Li J, Liao X, Zhou Y, Wang L, Yang H, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Kang Y. ' 'Association between glucocorticoids treatment and viral clearance delay ' 'in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC ' 'Infect Dis. 2021;21(1):1063.', 'journal-title': 'BMC Infect Dis'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '8620_CR31', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'e28441', 'DOI': '10.1002/jmv.28441', 'volume': '95', 'author': 'B Amani', 'year': '2023', 'unstructured': 'Amani B, Amani B. Efficacy and safety of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir ' '(paxlovid) for COVID-19: a rapid review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol. ' '2023;95(2):e28441.', 'journal-title': 'J Med Virol'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '8620_CR32', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'e28443', 'DOI': '10.1002/jmv.28443', 'volume': '95', 'author': 'Y Wang', 'year': '2023', 'unstructured': 'Wang Y, Zhao D, Liu X, Chen X, Xiao W, Feng L. Early administration of ' 'Paxlovid reduces the viral elimination time in patients infected with ' 'SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants. J Med Virol. 2023;95(1):e28443.', 'journal-title': 'J Med Virol'}, { 'key': '8620_CR33', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '980002', 'DOI': '10.3389/fmed.2022.980002', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'W Zhong', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Zhong W, Jiang X, Yang X, Feng T, Duan Z, Wang W, Sun Z, Chen L, Nie X, ' 'Zhu C, et al. The efficacy of paxlovid in elderly patients infected with ' 'SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants: results of a non-randomized clinical trial. ' 'Front Med (Lausanne). 2022;9:980002.', 'journal-title': 'Front Med (Lausanne)'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '8620_CR34', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '649', 'DOI': '10.1007/s40121-023-00760-x', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'C Weng', 'year': '2023', 'unstructured': 'Weng C, Xie R, Han G, Yuan Y, Li S, Wang C, Wang X, Jiang W, Jiang L. ' 'Safety and Efficacy of Paxlovid against Omicron Variants of Coronavirus ' 'Disease 2019 in Elderly Patients. Infect Dis Ther. 2023;12(2):649–62.', 'journal-title': 'Infect Dis Ther'}, { 'issue': '9', 'key': '8620_CR35', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1279', 'DOI': '10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00430-3', 'volume': '22', 'author': 'F Sun', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Sun F, Lin Y, Wang X, Gao Y, Ye S. Paxlovid in patients who are ' 'immunocompromised and hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lancet ' 'Infect Dis. 2022;22(9):1279.', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Infect Dis'}, { 'issue': '11', 'key': '8620_CR36', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2356', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ekir.2022.08.026', 'volume': '7', 'author': 'A Devresse', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Devresse A, Sebastien B, De Greef J, Lemaitre F, Boland L, Haufroid V, ' 'Scohy A, Kabamba B, Yombi JC, Belkhir L, et al. Safety, Efficacy, and ' 'relapse of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in kidney transplant recipients ' 'infected with SARS-CoV-2. Kidney Int Rep. 2022;7(11):2356–63.', 'journal-title': 'Kidney Int Rep'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': '8620_CR37', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '702', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jinf.2022.10.002', 'volume': '85', 'author': 'H Cai', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Cai H, Yan J, Wang J, Che X, Mou S. Efficacy of Paxlovid in patients ' 'with acute kidney injury who developed COVID-19. J Infect. ' '2022;85(6):702–69.', 'journal-title': 'J Infect'}, { 'key': '8620_CR38', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '105659', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105659', 'volume': '216', 'author': 'H Cai', 'year': '2023', 'unstructured': 'Cai H, Yan J, Liu S, Li P, Ding L, Zhan Y, Lu J, Li Z, Sun Y, Zhu M, et ' 'al. Paxlovid for hospitalized COVID-19 patients with chronic kidney ' 'disease. Antiviral Res. 2023;216:105659.', 'journal-title': 'Antiviral Res'}], 'container-title': 'BMC Infectious Diseases', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12879-023-08620-2.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12879-023-08620-2/fulltext.html', 'content-type': 'text/html', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12879-023-08620-2.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 10, 19]], 'date-time': '2023-10-19T03:28:24Z', 'timestamp': 1697686104000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': { 'primary': { 'URL': 'https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-023-08620-2'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2023, 10, 18]]}, 'references-count': 38, 'journal-issue': {'issue': '1', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2023, 12]]}}, 'alternative-id': ['8620'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-023-08620-2', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['1471-2334'], 'subject': ['Infectious Diseases'], 'container-title-short': 'BMC Infect Dis', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2023, 10, 18]]}, 'assertion': [ { 'value': '8 February 2023', 'order': 1, 'name': 'received', 'label': 'Received', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': '18 September 2023', 'order': 2, 'name': 'accepted', 'label': 'Accepted', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': '18 October 2023', 'order': 3, 'name': 'first_online', 'label': 'First Online', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, {'order': 1, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Declarations'}}, { 'value': 'Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Review Board of the Huashan ' 'Hospital, Fudan University (ethics approval registration number: ' 'KY2022-582).Informed consent forms were signed by each patient.All methods were ' 'carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.', 'order': 2, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Ethics approval and consent to participate'}}, { 'value': 'Not applicable.', 'order': 3, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Consent for publication'}}, { 'value': 'The authors declare no competing interests.', 'order': 4, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Competing interests'}}], 'article-number': '698'}