Antiviral efficacy of oral ensitrelvir versus oral ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir in COVID-19
William Hk Schilling, MD Podjanee Jittamala, PhD Phrutsamon Wongnak, James A Watson, MBBS Simon Boyd, MD Viravarn Luvira, MD Tanaya Siripoon, MD Thundon Ngamprasertchai, PhD Elizabeth M Batty, Ellen Beer, MBBS Shivani Singh, Tanatchakorn Asawasriworanan, MBBS Timothy Seers, MD Koukeo Phommasone, MBBS Terry John Evans, PhD Varaporn Kruabkontho, MBA Thatsanun Ngernseng, Pharm.D Jaruwan Tubprasert, PhD Mohammad Yazid Abdad, Wanassanan Madmanee, Jindarat Kouhathong, Kanokon Suwannasin, MSc Watcharee Pagornrat, MSc Tianrat Piteekan, MD Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn, MD Kittiyod Poovorawan, MD Manus Potaporn, MD Attasit Srisubat, MD Bootsakorn Loharjun, Kesinee Chotivanich, Mallika Imwong, Sasithon Pukrittayakamee, Arjen M Dondorp, Nicholas Pj Day, MD Watcharapong Piyaphanee, MD Weerapong Phumratanaprapin, Nicholas J White
doi:10.1101/2025.05.18.25327861
Background: Ensitrelvir is an oral antiviral treatment for COVID-19 with the same molecular target as ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir -the current oral first-line treatment. There have been no direct comparisons between the two drugs.
Methods: In an open label controlled adaptive pharmacometric platform trial, low-risk adult patients aged 18-60 years with early symptomatic COVID-19 (<4 days of symptoms) were randomised concurrently to one of eight treatment arms including ensitrelvir, ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir, and no study drug. The primary endpoint was the rate of oropharyngeal viral clearance assessed in a modified intention-to-treat population (mITT), defined as patients with >3 days of follow-up. Viral clearance rate was derived under a Bayesian hierarchical linear model fitted to the log 10 viral densities in standardised duplicate oropharyngeal swab eluates taken daily over five days (14 measurements). This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05041907). Findings: Between March 2023 and April 2024 the three study arms randomised 604 patients concurrently in Thailand and Lao PDR (ensitrelvir 202; ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir 207; no study drug 195) among 903 patients enrolled. All patients recovered uneventfully. Ensitrelvir was very well tolerated and did not cause dysgeusia. Median (interquartile range) estimated SARS-CoV-2 clearance half-lives were 5.9 hours (4.0 to 8.6) with ensitrelvir; 5.2 hours (3.8 to
References
Amd, Wp, WP-methodology, investigation, resources, supervision. NPJD-funding acquisition, methodology, investigation, resources, supervision. NJW-conceptualisation, funding acquisition, methodology, supervision
Bernal, Da Silva, Musungaie, Kovalchuk, Gonzalez et al., Molnupiravir for Oral Treatment of Covid-19 in Nonhospitalized Patients, N Engl J Med
Boyd, Singh, Schilling, White, Evidence that remdesivir treatment reduces viral titers in patients with COVID-19, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
Butler, Hobbs, Gbinigie, Rahman, Hayward et al., Molnupiravir plus usual care versus usual care alone as early treatment for adults with COVID-19 at increased risk of adverse outcomes (PANORAMIC): an open-label, platform-adaptive randomised controlled trial, Lancet
De Grooth, Geenen, Girbes, Vincent, Parienti et al., SOFA and mortality endpoints in randomized controlled trials: a systematic review and metaregression analysis, Crit Care
Elias, Khan, Stadler, Schlub, Cromer et al., Viral clearance as a surrogate of clinical efficacy for COVID-19 therapies in outpatients: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Lancet Microbe
Gottlieb, Vaca, Paredes, Mera, Webb et al., Early Remdesivir to Prevent Progression to Severe Covid-19 in Outpatients, N Engl J Med
Hammond, Fountaine, Yunis, Fleishaker, Almas, Nirmatrelvir for Vaccinated or Unvaccinated Adult Outpatients with Covid-19, N Engl J Med
Hammond, Leister-Tebbe, Gardner, Abreu, Wisemandle, Oral Nirmatrelvir for High-Risk, Nonhospitalized Adults with Covid-19, N Engl J Med
Jaw, Emb, Tn, NJW have directly accessed and verified the underlying data reported in the manuscript
Jittamala, Boyd, Schilling, Watson, Ngamprasertchai et al., Antiviral efficacy of fluoxetine in early symptomatic COVID-19: an open-label, randomised, controlled, adaptive platform trial, PLATCOV)
Jittamala, Schilling, Watson, Luvira, Siripoon et al., Clinical Antiviral Efficacy of Remdesivir in Coronavirus Disease 2019: An Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Adaptive Platform Trial (PLATCOV), J Infect Dis
Jittamala, Schilling, Watson, Luvira, Siripoon et al., Clinical antiviral efficacy of remdesivir and casirivimab/imdevimab against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants, medRxiv
Luvira, Schilling, Jittamala, Watson, Boyd et al., Clinical antiviral efficacy of favipiravir in early COVID-19 (PLATCOV): an open-label, randomised, controlled, adaptive platform trial, BMC Infect Dis
O'brien, Forleo-Neto, Musser, Chan, Sarkar, Subcutaneous REGEN-COV Antibody Combination to Prevent Covid-19, N Engl J Med
Sanderson, Hisner, Donovan-Banfield, Hartman, Lochen et al., A molnupiravir-associated mutational signature in global SARS-CoV-2 genomes, Nature
Schilling, Jittamala, Watson, Boyd, Luvira et al., Antiviral efficacy of molnupiravir versus ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir in patients with early symptomatic COVID-19 (PLATCOV): an open-label, phase 2, randomised, controlled, adaptive trial, Lancet Infect Dis
Schilling, Jittamala, Watson, Ekkapongpisit, Siripoon et al., Pharmacometrics of high-dose ivermectin in early COVID-19 from an open label, randomized, controlled adaptive platform trial (PLATCOV), Elife
Schilling, Jittamala, Watson, Ekkapongpisit, Siripoon et al., Pharmacometrics of high-dose ivermectin in early COVID-19 from an open label, randomized, controlled adaptive platform trial (PLATCOV), eLife
Singh, Boyd, Schilling, Watson, Mukaka et al., The relationship between viral clearance rates and disease progression in early symptomatic COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis, J Antimicrob Chemother
Team, RStan: the R interface to Stan, R package version
Unoh, Uehara, Nakahara, Nobori, Yamatsu et al., Discovery of S-217622, a Noncovalent Oral SARS-CoV-2 3CL Protease Inhibitor Clinical Candidate for Treating COVID-19, J Med Chem
Usher, The global COVID-19 treatment divide, Lancet
Vehtari, Gelman, Simpson, Carpenter, Bürkner, Rank-Normalization, Folding, and Localization: An Improved $\widehat{R}$ for Assessing Convergence of MCMC (with Discussion), Bayesian Analysis
Watson, Kissler, Day, Grad, White, Characterizing SARS-CoV-2 Viral Clearance Kinetics to Improve the Design of Antiviral Pharmacometric Studies, Antimicrob Agents Chemother
Wongnak, Schilling, Jittamala, Boyd, Luvira et al., Temporal changes in SARS-CoV-2 clearance kinetics and the optimal design of antiviral pharmacodynamic studies: an individual patient data meta-analysis of a randomised, controlled, adaptive platform study (PLATCOV), Lancet Infect Dis
DOI record:
{
"DOI": "10.1101/2025.05.18.25327861",
"URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2025.05.18.25327861",
"abstract": "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Ensitrelvir is an oral antiviral treatment for COVID-19 with the same molecular target as ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir - the current oral first-line treatment. There have been no direct comparisons between the two drugs.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>In an open label controlled adaptive pharmacometric platform trial, low-risk adult patients aged 18-60 years with early symptomatic COVID-19 (<4 days of symptoms) were randomised concurrently to one of eight treatment arms including ensitrelvir, ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir, and no study drug. The primary endpoint was the rate of oropharyngeal viral clearance assessed in a modified intention-to-treat population (mITT), defined as patients with ≥3 days of follow-up. Viral clearance rate was derived under a Bayesian hierarchical linear model fitted to the log<jats:sub>10</jats:sub>viral densities in standardised duplicate oropharyngeal swab eluates taken daily over five days (14 measurements). This trial is registered at<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://ClinicalTrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov</jats:ext-link>(<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT05041907\">NCT05041907</jats:ext-link>).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings</jats:title><jats:p>Between March 2023 and April 2024 the three study arms randomised 604 patients concurrently in Thailand and Lao PDR (ensitrelvir 202; ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir 207; no study drug 195) among 903 patients enrolled. All patients recovered uneventfully. Ensitrelvir was very well tolerated and did not cause dysgeusia. Median (interquartile range) estimated SARS-CoV-2 clearance half-lives were 5.9 hours (4.0 to 8.6) with ensitrelvir; 5.2 hours (3.8 to 6.6) with nirmatrelvir; and 11.6 hours (8.1 to 14.5) with no study drug. Viral clearance following ensitrelvir was 82% (95% credible interval, CrI: 61 to 104%) faster than no study drug and 16% (95% CrI: 5 to 25%) slower than ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir. Viral rebound occurred in 15 (7%) of the nirmatrelvir group and 10 (5%) of the ensitrelvir group (p=0.4).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>Both ensitrelvir and nirmatrelvir markedly accelerate oropharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 viral clearance. Ensitrelvir is an efficacious and well tolerated alternative to currently available antivirals in treating COVID-19.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Funding</jats:title><jats:p>“Finding treatments for COVID-19: A phase 2 multi-centre adaptive platform trial to assess antiviral pharmacodynamics in early symptomatic COVID-19 (PLAT-COV)” is supported by the Wellcome Trust Grant ref: 223195/Z/21/Z through the COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Research in context</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Evidence before this study</jats:title><jats:p>We searched PubMed for studies published in English from Jan 1, 2020, to April 10, 2025, using the terms: “randomised” AND [“nirmatrelvir OR paxlovid”] AND “ensitrelvir”. Both ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir and ensitrelvir have shown in-vivo antiviral activity and clinical benefit, but there have been no direct randomised head-to-head comparisons. Comparisons between the preregistration studies are confounded by substantial differences in the study populations, and timing of the studies.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Added value of this study</jats:title><jats:p>Comparison of antiviral drug efficacy using clinical endpoints is difficult-‘hard endpoints’ such as hospitalisation or death require prohibitively large sample sizes due to their rarity, and classification of more frequently encountered milder symptoms are imprecise. By contrast, this pharmacometric approach provides a quantitative measure of antiviral effects in patients with tractable sample sizes. This randomised study provides the first direct comparison of the in-vivo antiviral effects of ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir and ensitrelvir. Both drugs markedly accelerate SARS-CoV-2 viral clearance. An individual patient meta-analysis of all drugs included in the study confirms these drugs to have the most potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 antiviral effect.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Implications of all the available evidence</jats:title><jats:p>Both ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir and ensitrelvir have potent in-vivo antiviral activity in patients with early COVID-19. Ensitrelvir can be considered an efficacious and well-tolerated alternative to currently available antivirals. Candidate antivirals and antiviral combinations for respiratory viruses (including COVID-19 and Influenza) should be assessed and compared using this method.</jats:p></jats:sec></jats:sec>",
"accepted": {
"date-parts": [
[
2025,
5,
21
]
]
},
"author": [
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Schilling",
"given": "William HK",
"sequence": "first"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Jittamala",
"given": "Podjanee",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Wongnak",
"given": "Phrutsamon",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Watson",
"given": "James A",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Boyd",
"given": "Simon",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Luvira",
"given": "Viravarn",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Siripoon",
"given": "Tanaya",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Ngamprasertchai",
"given": "Thundon",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"ORCID": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8559-452X",
"affiliation": [],
"authenticated-orcid": false,
"family": "Batty",
"given": "Elizabeth M",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Beer",
"given": "Ellen",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Singh",
"given": "Shivani",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Asawasriworanan",
"given": "Tanatchakorn",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Seers",
"given": "Timothy",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Phommasone",
"given": "Koukeo",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Evans",
"given": "Terry John",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Kruabkontho",
"given": "Varaporn",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Ngernseng",
"given": "Thatsanun",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Tubprasert",
"given": "Jaruwan",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Abdad",
"given": "Mohammad Yazid",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Madmanee",
"given": "Wanassanan",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Kouhathong",
"given": "Jindarat",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Suwannasin",
"given": "Kanokon",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Pagornrat",
"given": "Watcharee",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Piteekan",
"given": "Tianrat",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Hanboonkunupakarn",
"given": "Borimas",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Poovorawan",
"given": "Kittiyod",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Potaporn",
"given": "Manus",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Srisubat",
"given": "Attasit",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Loharjun",
"given": "Bootsakorn",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Chotivanich",
"given": "Kesinee",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Imwong",
"given": "Mallika",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Pukrittayakamee",
"given": "Sasithon",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Dondorp",
"given": "Arjen M",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Day",
"given": "Nicholas PJ",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Piyaphanee",
"given": "Watcharapong",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Phumratanaprapin",
"given": "Weerapong",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "White",
"given": "Nicholas J",
"sequence": "additional"
}
],
"container-title": [],
"content-domain": {
"crossmark-restriction": false,
"domain": []
},
"created": {
"date-parts": [
[
2025,
5,
21
]
],
"date-time": "2025-05-21T20:20:18Z",
"timestamp": 1747858818000
},
"deposited": {
"date-parts": [
[
2025,
5,
23
]
],
"date-time": "2025-05-23T07:40:48Z",
"timestamp": 1747986048000
},
"group-title": "Infectious Diseases (except HIV/AIDS)",
"indexed": {
"date-parts": [
[
2025,
5,
23
]
],
"date-time": "2025-05-23T08:10:44Z",
"timestamp": 1747987844479,
"version": "3.41.0"
},
"institution": [
{
"name": "medRxiv"
}
],
"is-referenced-by-count": 0,
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2025,
5,
21
]
]
},
"license": [
{
"URL": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"content-version": "vor",
"delay-in-days": 0,
"start": {
"date-parts": [
[
2025,
5,
21
]
],
"date-time": "2025-05-21T00:00:00Z",
"timestamp": 1747785600000
}
}
],
"link": [
{
"URL": "https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1101/2025.05.18.25327861",
"content-type": "unspecified",
"content-version": "vor",
"intended-application": "similarity-checking"
}
],
"member": "246",
"original-title": [],
"posted": {
"date-parts": [
[
2025,
5,
21
]
]
},
"prefix": "10.1101",
"published": {
"date-parts": [
[
2025,
5,
21
]
]
},
"publisher": "Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory",
"reference": [
{
"DOI": "10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00372-5",
"article-title": "The global COVID-19 treatment divide",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"first-page": "779",
"issue": "10327",
"journal-title": "Lancet",
"key": "2025052300403412000_2025.05.18.25327861v1.1",
"volume": "399",
"year": "2022"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00493-0",
"article-title": "Antiviral efficacy of molnupiravir versus ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir in patients with early symptomatic COVID-19 (PLATCOV): an open-label, phase 2, randomised, controlled, adaptive trial",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"first-page": "36",
"issue": "1",
"journal-title": "Lancet Infect Dis",
"key": "2025052300403412000_2025.05.18.25327861v1.2",
"volume": "24",
"year": "2024"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1038/s41586-023-06649-6",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "2025052300403412000_2025.05.18.25327861v1.3"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02597-1",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "2025052300403412000_2025.05.18.25327861v1.4"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00117",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "2025052300403412000_2025.05.18.25327861v1.5"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1186/s13054-017-1609-1",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "2025052300403412000_2025.05.18.25327861v1.6"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1093/jac/dkae045",
"article-title": "The relationship between viral clearance rates and disease progression in early symptomatic COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"first-page": "935",
"issue": "5",
"journal-title": "J Antimicrob Chemother",
"key": "2025052300403412000_2025.05.18.25327861v1.7",
"volume": "79",
"year": "2024"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00398-1",
"article-title": "Viral clearance as a surrogate of clinical efficacy for COVID-19 therapies in outpatients: a systematic review and meta-analysis",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"first-page": "e459",
"issue": "5",
"journal-title": "Lancet Microbe",
"key": "2025052300403412000_2025.05.18.25327861v1.8",
"volume": "5",
"year": "2024"
},
{
"DOI": "10.7554/eLife.83201",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"key": "2025052300403412000_2025.05.18.25327861v1.9",
"unstructured": "Schilling WHK , Jittamala P , Watson JA , Ekkapongpisit M , Siripoon T , Ngamprasertchai T , et al. Pharmacometrics of high-dose ivermectin in early COVID-19 from an open label, randomized, controlled adaptive platform trial (PLATCOV). Elife. 2023;12."
},
{
"DOI": "10.1101/2022.10.17.22281161",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"key": "2025052300403412000_2025.05.18.25327861v1.10",
"unstructured": "Jittamala P , Schilling WH , Watson JA , Luvira V , Siripoon T , Ngamprasertchai T , et al. Clinical antiviral efficacy of remdesivir and casirivimab/imdevimab against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants. medRxiv. 2022:2022.10.17.22281161."
},
{
"DOI": "10.1093/infdis/jiad275",
"article-title": "Clinical Antiviral Efficacy of Remdesivir in Coronavirus Disease 2019: An Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Adaptive Platform Trial (PLATCOV)",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"first-page": "1318",
"issue": "10",
"journal-title": "J Infect Dis",
"key": "2025052300403412000_2025.05.18.25327861v1.11",
"volume": "228",
"year": "2023"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1186/s12879-023-08835-3",
"article-title": "Clinical antiviral efficacy of favipiravir in early COVID-19 (PLATCOV): an open-label, randomised, controlled, adaptive platform trial",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"first-page": "89",
"issue": "1",
"journal-title": "BMC Infect Dis",
"key": "2025052300403412000_2025.05.18.25327861v1.12",
"volume": "24",
"year": "2024"
},
{
"article-title": "Evidence that remdesivir treatment reduces viral titers in patients with COVID-19",
"first-page": "e01266",
"issue": "12",
"journal-title": "Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy",
"key": "2025052300403412000_2025.05.18.25327861v1.13",
"volume": "68",
"year": "2024"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00183-X",
"article-title": "Temporal changes in SARS-CoV-2 clearance kinetics and the optimal design of antiviral pharmacodynamic studies: an individual patient data meta-analysis of a randomised, controlled, adaptive platform study (PLATCOV)",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"first-page": "953",
"issue": "9",
"journal-title": "Lancet Infect Dis",
"key": "2025052300403412000_2025.05.18.25327861v1.14",
"volume": "24",
"year": "2024"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1128/aac.00192-22",
"article-title": "Characterizing SARS-CoV-2 Viral Clearance Kinetics to Improve the Design of Antiviral Pharmacometric Studies",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"first-page": "e0019222",
"issue": "7",
"journal-title": "Antimicrob Agents Chemother",
"key": "2025052300403412000_2025.05.18.25327861v1.15",
"volume": "66",
"year": "2022"
},
{
"DOI": "10.7554/eLife.83201",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "2025052300403412000_2025.05.18.25327861v1.16"
},
{
"key": "2025052300403412000_2025.05.18.25327861v1.17",
"unstructured": "Team SD . RStan: the R interface to Stan. R package version 2.21.7. 2022."
},
{
"article-title": "Rank-Normalization, Folding, and Localization: An Improved $\\widehat{R}$ for Assessing Convergence of MCMC (with Discussion)",
"first-page": "667",
"issue": "2",
"journal-title": "Bayesian Analysis",
"key": "2025052300403412000_2025.05.18.25327861v1.18",
"volume": "16",
"year": "2021"
},
{
"key": "2025052300403412000_2025.05.18.25327861v1.19",
"unstructured": "Jittamala P , Boyd S , Schilling WH , Watson JA , Ngamprasertchai T , Siripoon T , et al. Antiviral efficacy of fluoxetine in early symptomatic COVID-19: an open-label, randomised, controlled, adaptive platform trial (PLATCOV). medRxiv. 2024:2024.01.16.24301337."
},
{
"DOI": "10.1056/nejmoa2109682",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "2025052300403412000_2025.05.18.25327861v1.20"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1056/nejmoa2118542",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "2025052300403412000_2025.05.18.25327861v1.21"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1056/NEJMOA2116044/SUPPL_FILE/NEJMOA2116044_DATA-SHARING.PDF",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "2025052300403412000_2025.05.18.25327861v1.22"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1056/NEJMoa2116846",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "2025052300403412000_2025.05.18.25327861v1.23"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1056/NEJMoa2309003",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "2025052300403412000_2025.05.18.25327861v1.24"
}
],
"reference-count": 24,
"references-count": 24,
"relation": {},
"resource": {
"primary": {
"URL": "http://medrxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/2025.05.18.25327861"
}
},
"score": 1,
"short-title": [],
"source": "Crossref",
"subject": [],
"subtitle": [],
"subtype": "preprint",
"title": "Antiviral efficacy of oral ensitrelvir versus oral ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir in COVID-19",
"type": "posted-content"
}
