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Predictors for cause-specific and timing of deaths in patients with COVID-19: a cohort study in Taiwan

Yen et al., BMC Infectious Diseases, doi:10.1186/s12879-024-09654-w
Aug 2024  
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Mortality 31% Improvement Relative Risk Paxlovid for COVID-19  Yen et al.  EARLY TREATMENT Is early treatment with paxlovid beneficial for COVID-19? Retrospective 2,196 patients in Taiwan (January - July 2022) Lower mortality with paxlovid (not stat. sig., p=0.25) c19early.org Yen et al., BMC Infectious Diseases, Aug 2024 Favorspaxlovid Favorscontrol 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+
Retrospective 2,196 COVID-19 patients in Taiwan (49% mild cases, 44% moderate, 7% severe) showing lower mortality with paxlovid, without statistical significance.
Authors report that all infected patients were hospitalized at the time of the study in Taiwan.
Resistance. Variants may be resistant to paxlovid1-3. Use may promote the emergence of variants that weaken host immunity and potentially contribute to long COVID4.
Confounding by contraindication. Hoertel et al. find that over 50% of patients that died had a contraindication for the use of Paxlovid5. Retrospective studies that do not exclude contraindicated patients may significantly overestimate efficacy.
Black box warning. The FDA notes that "severe, life-threatening, and/or fatal adverse reactions due to drug interactions have been reported in patients treated with paxlovid"6.
AKI. Kamo et al. show significantly increased risk of acute kidney injury.
Study covers molnupiravir and paxlovid.
risk of death, 31.0% lower, HR 0.69, p = 0.25, treatment 220, control 1,976, adjusted per study, multivariable, Cox proportional hazards.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Yen et al., 20 Aug 2024, retrospective, Taiwan, peer-reviewed, 6 authors, study period 1 January, 2022 - 31 July, 2022. Contact: dxd41@tpech.gov.tw.
This PaperPaxlovidAll
Predictors for cause-specific and timing of deaths in patients with COVID-19: a cohort study in Taiwan
Yung-Feng Yen, Shang-Yih Chan, Yun-Ju Lai, Muh-Yong Yen, Chu-Chieh Chen, Mei-Ju Chen
doi:10.1186/s12879-024-09654-w
Background This cohort study determines the predictors for cause-specific and timing of deaths in patients with COVID-19 in Taiwan. Methods Patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to Taipei City Hospital from January 1 to July 31, 2022, were recruited in this cohort. All patients were followed up until death, discharge from the hospital, or August 31, 2022. Early deaths within the first 2 weeks were recorded, and the cause of death was confirmed by the death certificate database of Taiwan. Predictors of cause-specific and timing of deaths of patients with COVID-19 were determined using multinomial Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Results Of the 195 (8.0%) patients who died during hospitalization, 147 (84.0%) had COVID-19-specific deaths. Moreover, 54.9% of the deceased patients had early death. After controlling for other covariates, patients aged ≥ 65 years had a higher risk of COVID-19-specific, non-COVID-19-specific, early, and late deaths [adjusted hazards ratio (AHR): 3.85, 6.45, 3.33, and 6.57; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1. 91-7.78, 1.17-35.68, 1.51-7.36, and 2.18-19.76, respectively]. Fully vaccinated patients had a lower risk of COVID-19-specific (AHR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.47-0.98) and early deaths (AHR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.35-0.84), whereas comorbid patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease had a higher risk of non-COVID-19-specific deaths (AHR: 5.43; 95% CI: 1.73-17.03). Conclusions This study suggests that prioritizing COVID-19 vaccination and carefully monitoring comorbid patients during hospitalization can reduce the risk of COVID-19-specific and early deaths and non-COVID-19-specific mortalities, respectively.
Abbreviations Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Taipei City Hospital (no. TCHIRB-10904014-E). Formal consent is waived for this type of study. Consent for publication Not Applicable. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
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J Formos Med Assoc. 2023;122(11):1174–82.', 'journal-title': 'J Formos Med Assoc'}], 'container-title': 'BMC Infectious Diseases', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12879-024-09654-w.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12879-024-09654-w/fulltext.html', 'content-type': 'text/html', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12879-024-09654-w.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 8, 20]], 'date-time': '2024-08-20T06:02:44Z', 'timestamp': 1724133764000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': { 'primary': { 'URL': 'https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-024-09654-w'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2024, 8, 20]]}, 'references-count': 26, 'journal-issue': {'issue': '1', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2024, 12]]}}, 'alternative-id': ['9654'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-09654-w', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['1471-2334'], 'subject': [], 'container-title-short': 'BMC Infect Dis', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2024, 8, 20]]}, 'assertion': [ { 'value': '18 October 2023', 'order': 1, 'name': 'received', 'label': 'Received', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': '23 July 2024', 'order': 2, 'name': 'accepted', 'label': 'Accepted', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': '20 August 2024', 'order': 3, 'name': 'first_online', 'label': 'First Online', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, {'order': 1, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Declarations'}}, { 'value': 'This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Taipei City ' 'Hospital (no. TCHIRB-10904014-E). Formal consent is waived for this type of ' 'study.', 'order': 2, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Ethics approval and consent to participate'}}, { 'value': 'Not Applicable.', 'order': 3, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Consent for publication'}}, { 'value': 'The authors declare no competing interests.', 'order': 4, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Competing interests'}}], 'article-number': '840'}
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