Host proviral and antiviral factors for SARS-CoV-2

Lv et al., Virus Genes, doi:10.1007/s11262-021-01869-2

Sep 2021

Review of host proviral and antiviral factors for SARS-CoV-2. Authors summarize current understanding of the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and host cellular factors during virus entry and replication. They highlight ACE2 as the main receptor for viral entry, aided by cofactors like CD147, heparan sulfate, and neuropilin-1/2 to facilitate spike protein binding. Intracellular proteases like TMPRSS2 prime the spike protein to enable membrane fusion. Following entry and uncoating, cytosolic factors like SRPK1/2 kinases and VPS34 lipid kinase promote viral replication complex assembly and genome replication. Antiviral factors include defensin HD5 that blocks ACE2, cholesterol 25-hydroxylase that restricts membrane fusion, and ZAP/LARP1 that inhibit viral RNA production.

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Lv et al., 11 Sep 2021, peer-reviewed, 2 authors. Contact: armzhang@hotmail.com.

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Host proviral and antiviral factors for SARS-CoV-2

Lu Lv, Leiliang Zhang

Virus Genes, doi:10.1007/s11262-021-01869-2

Throughout the viral life cycle, interplays between cellular host factors and virus determine the infectious capacity of the virus. The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a great threat to human life and health. Extensive studies identified a number of host proviral and antiviral factors for SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and cellular factors during virus entry and replication. Our review will highlight the future direction of study on the infection and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, as well as novel therapeutic strategies and effective antiviral targets for COVID-19.

Author contributions LL wrote the manuscript. LZ conceived the work and revised the manuscript. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. Conflict of interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. Informed consent Not applicable. Research involving human participants and/or animals Not applicable.

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