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0 0.5 1 1.5 2+ Abnormal ALT -68% Improvement Relative Risk Remdesivir for COVID-19  Chew et al.  EARLY TREATMENT Is early treatment with remdesivir beneficial for COVID-19? Retrospective 163 patients in Singapore (January - April 2020) Higher progression with remdesivir (not stat. sig., p=0.4) c19early.org Chew et al., Pathogens, March 2023 Favors remdesivir Favors control

Clinical Predictors for Abnormal ALT in Patients Infected with COVID-19—A Retrospective Single Centre Study

Chew et al., Pathogens, doi:10.3390/pathogens12030473
Mar 2023  
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Retrospective 163 COVID-19 patients in Singapore, showing increased risk of liver injury (abnormal ALT) with acetaminophen in a dose-dependent manner, and with remdesivir, without statistical significance in both cases.
Gérard, Wu, Zhou show significantly increased risk of acute kidney injury with remdesivir.
Study covers remdesivir and acetaminophen.
abnormal ALT, 68.0% higher, OR 1.68, p = 0.40, treatment 12, control 151, adjusted per study, multivariable, RR approximated with OR.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Chew et al., 16 Mar 2023, retrospective, Singapore, peer-reviewed, median age 56.0, 7 authors, study period 23 January, 2020 - 15 April, 2020. Contact: wei_da_chew@ttsh.com.sg (corresponding author).
This PaperRemdesivirAll
Clinical Predictors for Abnormal ALT in Patients Infected with COVID-19—A Retrospective Single Centre Study
Wei Da Chew, Jonathan Kuang, Huiyu Lin, Li Wei Ang, Wei Lyn Yang, David C Lye, Barnaby E Young
Pathogens, doi:10.3390/pathogens12030473
Objective: Abnormal liver tests have been associated with worse clinical outcomes in patients infected with COVID-19. This retrospective observational study from Singapore aims to elucidate simple clinical predictors of abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in COVID-19 infections. Design: 717 patients hospitalised with COVID-19 at the National Centre for Infectious Diseases (NCID), Singapore, from 23 January-15 April 2020 were screened, of which 163 patients with baseline normal alanine transferase (ALT) and at least two subsequent ALTs performed were included in the final analysis. Information on baseline demographics, clinical characteristics and biochemical laboratory tests were collected. Results: 30.7% of patients developed abnormal ALT. They were more likely to be older (60 vs. 55, p = 0.022) and have comorbidities of hyperlipidaemia and hypertension. The multivariate logistic regression showed that R-factor ≥1 on admission (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.13, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.41-6.95) and hypoxia (aOR 3.54, 95% CI 1.29-9.69) were independent risk factors for developing abnormal ALT. The patients who developed abnormal ALT also ran a more severe course of illness with a greater proportion needing supplementary oxygen (58% vs. 18.6%, p < 0.0005), admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)/High Dependency Unit (HDU) (32% vs. 11.5%, p = 0.003) and intubation (20% vs. 2.7%, p < 0.0005). There was no difference in death rate between the two groups. Conclusions: Liver injury is associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. R-factor ≥1 on admission and hypoxia are independent simple clinical predictors for developing abnormal ALT in COVID-19.
Conflicts of Interest: Barnaby E Young has received honoraria from Sanofi and Roche outside of the submitted work. Wei Da Chew, Jonathan Kuang, Huiyu Lin, Li Wei Ang, Wei Lyn Yang and David C Lye declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
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