Abstract: TYPE Original Research PUBLISHED 28 February 2023 DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1123497 OPEN ACCESS EDITED BY Pietro Ghezzi, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Italy REVIEWED BY Andreu Comas-Garcia, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosı´, Mexico Andrew Weber, Northwell Health, United States Antonio Lalueza, University Hospital October 12, Spain *CORRESPONDENCE Jaime Alfonso M. Aherrera jimbz11@gmail.com SPECIALTY SECTION This article was submitted to Inflammation, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology RECEIVED 14 December 2022 ACCEPTED 14 February 2023 PUBLISHED 28 February 2023 CITATION Punzalan FER, Aherrera JAM, de Paz-Silava SLM, Mondragon AV, Malundo AFG, Tan JJE, Tantengco OAG, Quebral EPB, Uy MNAR, Lintao RCV, Dela Rosa JGL, Mercado MEP, Avenilla KC, Poblete JB, Albay AB Jr, David-Wang AS and Alejandria MM (2023) Utility of laboratory and immune biomarkers in predicting disease progression and mortality among patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 disease at a Philippine tertiary hospital. Front. Immunol. 14:1123497. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1123497 COPYRIGHT © 2023 Punzalan, Aherrera, de Paz-Silava, Mondragon, Malundo, Tan, Tantengco, Quebral, Uy, Lintao, Dela Rosa, Mercado, Avenilla, Poblete, Albay, David-Wang and Alejandria. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Utility of laboratory and immune biomarkers in predicting disease progression and mortality among patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 disease at a Philippine tertiary hospital Felix Eduardo R. Punzalan 1,2, Jaime Alfonso M. Aherrera 1,2*, Sheriah Laine M. de Paz-Silava 3, Alric V. Mondragon 1,2, Anna Flor G. Malundo 1,2, Joanne Jennifer E. Tan 1,2, Ourlad Alzeus G. Tantengco 4,5, Elgin Paul B. Quebral 2, Mary Nadine Alessandra R. Uy 1,2, Ryan C. V. Lintao 2, Jared Gabriel L. Dela Rosa 2, Maria Elizabeth P. Mercado 6, Krisha Camille Avenilla 2, Jonnel B. Poblete 1, Albert B. AlbayJr.1,2, Aileen S. David-Wang 1,2 and Marissa M. Alejandria 1,2,7 1 Department of Medicine, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines, 2 College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines, 3 College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines, 4 Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines, 5 Department of Biology, College of Science, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines, 6 Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 7 Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines Purpose: This study was performed to determine the clinical biomarkers and cytokines that may be associated with disease progression and in-hospital mortality in a cohort of hospitalized patients with RT-PCR confirmed moderate to severe COVID-19 infection from October 2020 to September 2021, during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic before the advent of vaccination. Patients and methods: Clinical..