Abstract: ORIGINAL RESEARCH Efficacy of Various Treatment Modalities on Patient-related Outcome in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients – A Retrospective Study FARHANA SIRAJ*, NAZIA MEHFOOZ†, SUHAIL MANTOO*, AFSHAN SHABIR‡, TAJAMUL HUSSAIN#, SYED MUDASIR QADRI¥, UMAR HAFIZ£, AJAZ NABI KOUL§, MUSHTAQ DANGROO¶, MUZAFFAR BINDROO^, FAYAZ SOFI⇑, SONAULLAH SHAHψ, RAFI JANφ Abstract Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began in China, in December 2019, and was declared a pandemic by WHO on March 11, 2020. The treatment is evolving and is mostly supportive in nature. Material and methods: This was a single-center retrospective study that included confirmed COVID-19 cases treated at our institute (a tertiary care hospital in Jammu and Kashmir, India), between March 2020 and December 2020. Patients with age more than 18 years were included in the study. Results: On evaluating the effect of various drug therapies used in management of COVID-19 patients of all severity, use of remdesivir and famotidine was associated with significantly higher odds of survival. In subgroup of patients with severe disease, use of systemic steroids was associated with significantly higher odds of survival in addition to remdesivir and famotidine. In patients with severe COVID-19 illness, likelihood of survival was significantly higher in those who received combination of systemic steroids plus remdesivir compared to steroids and remdesivir alone. Conclusion: Steroids were effective in severe COVID-19 illness and the combination of steroids and remdesivir was more effective in severe illness. There is a need to undertake more large scale prospective randomized trials to determine the most effective drug therapies to treat the sick patients and prevent worsening of mild cases. Keywords: Pandemic, COVID-19 illness, SARS-CoV-2, severe COVID-19 T he outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑ CoV-2) began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and was designated as a pandemic by the World *Assistant Professor, Dept. of Internal Medicine †Assistant Professor, Dept. of Pulmonary Medicine ‡Assistant Professor, Dept. of Geriatrics #Senior Resident, Dept. of Pulmonary Medicine ¥Associate Professor, Dept. of Internal Medicine £Associate Professor, Dept. of Geriatrics §Additional Professor, Dept. of Internal Medicine ^Assistant Professor ¶Additional Professor ⇑Professor Dept. of Rheumatology ψProfessor φProfessor and Head Dept. of Pulmonary Medicine, SK Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, J&K Address for correspondence Dr Farhana Siraj Assistant Professor, Dept. of Internal Medicine, SK Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar -190 011, J&K E-mail: bagdadifarhana6@gmail.com Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020.1,2 The spectrum of COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic infection to mild respiratory tract illness to severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiorgan failure and death.3 A number of clinical trials have evaluated different treatment modalities in the management of COVID-19 illness and many more are under way, primarily assessing the clinical outcome in terms of accelerating the viral clearance, reduction in duration of symptoms, progression of disease, need for mechanical ventilation and mortality.4,5 Only few of these treatment interventions have shown significant..