Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Antihistamines
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Monoclonals
Mpro inhibitors
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
PPIs
Quercetin
RdRp inhibitors
TMPRSS2 inh.
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
 
c19early.org COVID-19 treatment researchPentoxifyllinePentoxifylline (more..)
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta PPIs Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Quercetin Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta
Ivermectin Meta
Thermotherapy Meta
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta

 
    
  
Pentoxifylline for COVID-19
3 studies from 26 scientists
178 patients in 3 countries
COVID-19 Pentoxifylline studies. May 2025. c19early.org
0 0.5 1 1.5+ All studies -15% Mortality -15% Hospitalization 15% RCTs -15% RCT mortality -15% Late -15% Favorspentoxifylline Favorscontrol
Apr 21
2023
Sarhan et al., Pharmaceuticals, doi:10.3390/ph16040631 Pentoxifylline Effects on Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with Cytokine Storm Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial
69% higher mortality (p=0.37) and 45% worse improvement (p=0.56). RCT 68 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with cytokine storm showing no significant improvement in clinical outcomes with pentoxifylline (PTX) treatment compared to standard therapy. While PTX demonstrated positive effects on inflammatory bi..
Dec 31
2021
Azizi et al., International Immunopharmacology, doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108227 Pentoxifylline effects on hospitalized patients with COVID19: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial
540% higher mortality (p=0.25). RCT 72 hospitalized COVID-19 patients showing no significant difference in clinical outcomes with pentoxifylline treatment compared to placebo.
Jan 31
2021
Maldonado et al., International Immunopharmacology, doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107209 Pentoxifylline decreases serum LDH levels and increases lymphocyte count in COVID-19 patients: Results from an external pilot study
65% lower mortality (p=0.18), 54% lower ventilation (p=0.36), and 15% shorter hospitalization (p=0.33). Pilot study of 38 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Mexico showing pentoxifylline treatment was associated with significantly increased lymphocyte count and decreased LDH levels compared to standard care. The pentoxifylline group (400mg t..
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. IMA and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Thanks for your feedback! Please search before submitting papers and note that studies are listed under the date they were first available, which may be the date of an earlier preprint.
Submit