PAuNPs for COVID-19
c19early.org
COVID-19 Treatment Clinical Evidence
COVID-19 involves the interplay of 400+ viral and host proteins and factors, providing many therapeutic targets.
c19early analyzes 6,000+ studies for 210+ treatments—over 17 million hours of research.
Only three high-profit early treatments are approved in the US.
In reality, many treatments reduce risk,
with 25 low-cost treatments approved across 163 countries.
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Naso/
oropharyngeal treatment Effective Treatment directly to the primary source of initial infection. -
Healthy lifestyles Protective Exercise, sunlight, a healthy diet, and good sleep all reduce risk.
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Immune support Effective Vitamins A, C, D, and zinc show reduced risk, as with other viruses.
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Thermotherapy Effective Methods for increasing internal body temperature, enhancing immune system function.
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Systemic agents Effective Many systemic agents reduce risk, and may be required when infection progresses.
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High-profit systemic agents Conditional Effective, but with greater access and cost barriers.
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Monoclonal antibodies Limited Utility Effective but rarely used—high cost, variant dependence, IV/SC admin.
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Acetaminophen Harmful Increased risk of severe outcomes and mortality.
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Remdesivir Harmful Increased mortality with longer followup. Increased kidney and liver injury, cardiac disorders.
PAuNPs may be beneficial for
COVID-19 according to the study below.
COVID-19 involves the interplay of 400+ viral and host proteins and factors providing many therapeutic targets.
Scientists have proposed 11,000+ potential treatments.
c19early.org analyzes
210+ treatments.
We have not reviewed pAuNPs in detail.
, Plant Cell-Engineered Gold Nanoparticles Conjugated to Quercetin Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 and HSV-1 Entry, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, doi:10.3390/ijms241914792
Recent studies have revealed considerable promise in the antiviral properties of metal nanomaterials, specifically when biologically prepared. This study demonstrates for the first time the antiviral roles of the plant cell-engineered gold nanoparticles (pAuNPs) alone and when conjugated with quercetin (pAuNPsQ). We show here that the quercetin conjugated nanoparticles (pAuNPsQ) preferentially inhibit the cell entry of two medically important viruses—severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) using different mechanisms. Interestingly, in the case of SARS-CoV-2, the pre-treatment of target cells with pAuNPsQ inhibited the viral entry, but the pre-treatment of the virus with pAuNPsQ did not affect viral entry into the host cell. In contrast, pAuNPsQ demonstrated effective blocking capabilities against HSV-1 entry, either during the pre-treatment of target cells or by inducing virus neutralization. In addition, pAuNPsQ also significantly affected HSV-1 replication, evidenced by the plaque-counting assay. In this study, we also tested the chemically synthesized gold nanoparticles (cAuNPs) of identical size and shape and observed comparable effects. The versatility of plant cell-based nanomaterial fabrication and its modification with bioactive compounds opens a new frontier in therapeutics, specifically in designing novel antiviral formulations.