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AT-9052-Sp for COVID-19

AT-9052-Sp has been reported as potentially beneficial for treatment of COVID-19. We have not reviewed these studies. See all other treatments.
Shannon et al., An exonuclease-resistant chain-terminating nucleotide analogue targeting the SARS-CoV-2 replicase complex, Nucleic Acids Research, doi:10.1093/nar/gkad1194
Abstract Nucleotide analogues (NA) are currently employed for treatment of several viral diseases, including COVID-19. NA prodrugs are intracellularly activated to the 5′-triphosphate form. They are incorporated into the viral RNA by the viral polymerase (SARS-CoV-2 nsp12), terminating or corrupting RNA synthesis. For Coronaviruses, natural resistance to NAs is provided by a viral 3′-to-5′ exonuclease heterodimer nsp14/nsp10, which can remove terminal analogues. Here, we show that the replacement of the α-phosphate of Bemnifosbuvir 5′-triphosphate form (AT-9010) by an α-thiophosphate renders it resistant to excision. The resulting α-thiotriphosphate, AT-9052, exists as two epimers (RP/SP). Through co-crystallization and activity assays, we show that the Sp isomer is preferentially used as a substrate by nucleotide diphosphate kinase (NDPK), and by SARS-CoV-2 nsp12, where its incorporation causes immediate chain-termination. The same -Sp isomer, once incorporated by nsp12, is also totally resistant to the excision by nsp10/nsp14 complex. However, unlike AT-9010, AT-9052-RP/SP no longer inhibits the N-terminal nucleotidylation domain of nsp12. We conclude that AT-9052-Sp exhibits a unique mechanism of action against SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, the thio modification provides a general approach to rescue existing NAs whose activity is hampered by coronavirus proofreading capacity.
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
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